Pierre Bourdieu, in his lecture series on the state, proposed a definition of the state based on logical and moral conformity. He argued that the agents of the social world should share the same ...perception categories and core values. Unlike classical state theory and Marxist traditions, Bourdieu focused on the state's organizational magic and its monopoly on legitimate symbolic and physical violence. He warned against preconceived notions and emphasized the need to think beyond traditional state thinking. Bourdieu considered the state as an almost unthinkable object, challenging conventional understanding.
The idea of social or democratic equality has enjoyed philosophical attention at least since Elizabeth Anderson's What Is the Point of Equality? (Anderson, 1999), which served as a response to G. A. ...Cohen's luck egalitarianism (Cohen, 1989) but stands on its own as an improvement on distributive accounts of equality. Regarding one another as equals and living together under egalitarian social relations requires political and moral energies to be directed against relations of inequality and their negative effects, not against inequality as such. According to theorists who share this view, social or democratic equality provides the rationale for distributive worries and therefore deserves to be prioritized (Anderson, 2008; O'Neill, 2008; Scheffler, 2003). Pierre Rosanvallon has joined these debates as a normative theorist and as the first historian of equality. His verdict that historically, distribution alone led to unsatisfactory results situates him normatively among those, who reject distribution as the ultimate measure for social justice. His egalitarianism, equality as relationship, has, however, so far not received much attention in its own right. Rosanvallon is still viewed mostly as a scholar of French history in the antitotalitarian tradition of his former teacher François Furet (Flügel-Martinsen, Martinsen, Sawyer, & Schulz, 2019).
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Because of low throughput and limited robustness, nano-scale liquid chromatography has been a bottleneck for advancing proteomics in biomedical research. Here, we developed and evaluated two new LC ...concepts—“pre-formed gradients” and “offset gradients for peptide re-focusing”—that are both implemented in the Evosep One instrument. We evaluated robustness with more than 2000 HeLa runs, demonstrated absence of cross-contamination with crude plasma samples, high proteome coverage by fractionated HeLa and routinely measuring more than 5000 proteins/sample in just 21 minutes.
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Highlights
•Pre-formed and offset gradients for high throughput, robustness and peptide re-focusing.•Minimal cross-contamination by disposable trap columns and partial elution.•Single shot DIA measurements achieve >5000 proteins in 21 min.
To further integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics into biomedical research and especially into clinical settings, high throughput and robustness are essential requirements. They are largely met in high-flow rate chromatographic systems for small molecules but these are not sufficiently sensitive for proteomics applications. Here we describe a new concept that delivers on these requirements while maintaining the sensitivity of current nano-flow LC systems. Low-pressure pumps elute the sample from a disposable trap column, simultaneously forming a chromatographic gradient that is stored in a long storage loop. An auxiliary gradient creates an offset, ensuring the re-focusing of the peptides before the separation on the analytical column by a single high-pressure pump. This simplified design enables robust operation over thousands of sample injections. Furthermore, the steps between injections are performed in parallel, reducing overhead time to a few minutes and allowing analysis of more than 200 samples per day. From fractionated HeLa cell lysates, deep proteomes covering more than 130,000 sequence unique peptides and close to 10,000 proteins were rapidly acquired. Using this data as a library, we demonstrate quantitation of 5200 proteins in only 21 min. Thus, the new system - termed Evosep One - analyzes samples in an extremely robust and high throughput manner, without sacrificing in depth proteomics coverage.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Reactivations of BK polyoma virus (BKPyV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) frequently cause life- and graft-threatening complications after renal transplantation. Both viruses are dependent on the ...mTOR pathway for replication. In this study we investigated the association of viral replication with mTOR activity in peripheral lymphocytes of renal transplant recipients. A flow-cytometry based assay for the measurement of Thr389 p70S6k phosphorylation, a surrogate marker of the mTOR pathway was established. Forty-eight adult renal transplant recipients were recruited to measure p70S6k activity in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This data set in conjunction with information concerning previous replication of BKPyV and HCMV was examined for correlations. Episodes of BKPyV replication were significantly associated with increased p70S6k phosphorylation in CD4
T lymphocytes (
= 0.0002) and CD19
B lymphocytes (
= 0.0073). HCMV infection of patients with a high-risk HCMV constellation of donor and recipient (D+/R-) was associated with increased p70S6k phosphorylation in CD19
B lymphocytes (
= 0.0325). These associations were found to be independent of the trough levels of the immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusion: P70S6k phosphorylation in peripheral lymphocytes is associated with BKPyV reactivations and to a lesser extent with HCMV infections in renal transplant recipients.
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BEYONDPLANCK Brilenkov, M.; Fornazier, K. S. F.; Hergt, L. T. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
07/2023, Volume:
675
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
End-to-end simulations play a key role in the analysis of any high-sensitivity cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment, providing high-fidelity systematic error propagation capabilities that are ...unmatched by any other means. In this paper, we address an important issue regarding such simulations, namely, how to define the inputs in terms of sky model and instrument parameters. These may either be taken as a constrained realization derived from the data or as a random realization independent from the data. We refer to these as posterior and prior simulations, respectively. We show that the two options lead to significantly different correlation structures, as prior simulations (contrary to posterior simulations) effectively include cosmic variance, but they exclude realization-specific correlations from non-linear degeneracies. Consequently, they quantify fundamentally different types of uncertainties. We argue that as a result, they also have different and complementary scientific uses, even if this dichotomy is not absolute. In particular, posterior simulations are in general more convenient for parameter estimation studies, while prior simulations are generally more convenient for model testing. Before B
EYOND
P
LANCK
, most pipelines used a mix of constrained and random inputs and applied the same hybrid simulations for all applications, even though the statistical justification for this is not always evident. B
EYOND
P
LANCK
represents the first end-to-end CMB simulation framework that is able to generate both types of simulations and these new capabilities have brought this topic to the forefront. The B
EYOND
P
LANCK
posterior simulations and their uses are described extensively in a suite of companion papers. In this work, we consider one important applications of the corresponding prior simulations, namely, code validation. Specifically, we generated a set of one-year LFI 30 GHz prior simulations with known inputs and we used these to validate the core low-level B
EYOND
P
LANCK
algorithms dealing with gain estimation, correlated noise estimation, and mapmaking.
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6.
COSMOGLOBE DR1 results Watts, D. J.; Basyrov, A.; Eskilt, J. R. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
11/2023, Volume:
679
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We present C
OSMOGLOBE
Data Release 1, which implements the first joint analysis of WMAP and
Planck
LFI time-ordered data, processed within a single Bayesian end-to-end framework. This framework ...directly builds on a similar analysis of the LFI measurements by the B
EYOND
P
LANCK
collaboration, and approaches the cosmic microwave background (CMB) analysis challenge through Gibbs sampling of a global posterior distribution, simultaneously accounting for calibration, mapmaking, and component separation. The computational cost of producing one complete WMAP+LFI Gibbs sample is 812 CPU-h, of which 603 CPU-h are spent on WMAP low-level processing; this demonstrates that end-to-end Bayesian analysis of the WMAP data is computationally feasible. We find that our WMAP posterior mean temperature sky maps and CMB temperature power spectrum are largely consistent with the official WMAP9 results. Perhaps the most notable difference is that our CMB dipole amplitude is 3366.2 ± 1.4 μK, which is 11 μK higher than the WMAP9 estimate and 2.5
σ
higher than B
EYOND
P
LANCK
; however, it is in perfect agreement with the HFI-dominated
Planck
PR4 result. In contrast, our WMAP polarization maps differ more notably from the WMAP9 results, and in general exhibit significantly lower large-scale residuals. We attribute this to a better constrained gain and transmission imbalance model. It is particularly noteworthy that the
W
-band polarization sky map, which was excluded from the official WMAP cosmological analysis, for the first time appears visually consistent with the
V
-band sky map. Similarly, the long standing discrepancy between the WMAP
K
-band and LFI 30 GHz maps is finally resolved, and the difference between the two maps appears consistent with instrumental noise at high Galactic latitudes. Relatedly, these updated maps allowed us for the first time to combine WMAP and LFI polarization data into a single coherent model of large-scale polarized synchrotron emission. Still, we identified a few issues that require additional work, including (1) low-level noise modeling; (2) large-scale temperature residuals at the 1–2 μK level; and (3) a strong degeneracy between the absolute
K
-band calibration and the dipole of the anomalous microwave emission component. We conclude that leveraging the complementary strengths of WMAP and LFI has allowed the mitigation of both experiments’ weaknesses, and resulted in new state-of-the-art WMAP sky maps. All maps and the associated code are made publicly available through the C
OSMOGLOBE
web page.
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Little is known about knowledge, attitudes and behaviors concerning Chagas disease (CD) among Latin American migrants in Germany to inform public health decision making.
A cross-sectional, ...questionnaire-based study was conducted between March 2014 and October 2019 among Latin American migrants in six cities in Germany to obtain information on migration history, socioeconomic and insurance status, knowledge about CD, potential risk factors for
infection, and willingness to donate blood or organs.
168 participants completed the questionnaire. The four countries with the highest proportion of participants contributing to the study population were Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Ecuador. Before migrating to Europe, the majority of the study population resided in an urban setting in houses made of stone or concrete, had higher academic education and was integrated into the German healthcare and healthcare insurance system. The majority of all study participants were also willing to donate blood and organs and a quarter of them had donated blood previously. However, many participants lacked basic knowledge about symptoms and modes of transmission of Chagas disease. One out of 56 serologic tests (1.8%) performed was positive. The seropositive female participant born in Argentina had a negative PCR test and no signs of cardiac or other organ involvement.
The study population does not reflect the population structure at risk for
infection in endemic countries. Most participants had a low risk profile for infection with
Although the sample size was small and sampling was not representative of all persons at risk in Germany, the seroprevalence found was similar to studies previously conducted in Europe. As no systematic screening for
in Latin American blood and organ donors as well as in women of child-bearing age of Latin American origin is implemented in Germany, a risk of occasional transmission of
remains.
To further integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics into biomedical research and especially into clinical settings, high throughput and robustness are essential requirements. They are ...largely met in high-flow rate chromatographic systems for small molecules but these are not sufficiently sensitive for proteomics applications. Here we describe a new concept that delivers on these requirements while maintaining the sensitivity of current nano-flow LC systems. Low-pressure pumps elute the sample from a disposable trap column, simultaneously forming a chromatographic gradient that is stored in a long storage loop. An auxiliary gradient creates an offset, ensuring the re-focusing of the peptides before the separation on the analytical column by a single high-pressure pump. This simplified design enables robust operation over thousands of sample injections. Furthermore, the steps between injections are performed in parallel, reducing overhead time to a few minutes and allowing analysis of more than 200 samples per day. From fractionated HeLa cell lysates, deep proteomes covering more than 130,000 sequence unique peptides and close to 10,000 proteins were rapidly acquired. Using this data as a library, we demonstrate quantitation of 5200 proteins in only 21 min. Thus, the new system - termed Evosep One - analyzes samples in an extremely robust and high throughput manner, without sacrificing in depth proteomics coverage.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
9.
Eine reizende Familie Hoerning, Hanskarl; Borer, Johannes
Nebelspalter : das Humor- und Satire-Magazin,
2001, Volume:
127, Issue:
9
Journal Article
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