Modeling of the associations between mortality and air pollution data from 652 cities, mostly in the northern hemisphere, showed that concentrations of inhalable and fine particulate matter were ...associated with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. An interactive map allows the reader to explore the geographic distribution of PM, and a Quick Take summarizes the findings in a short video.
Background: Factor Xa (FXa), a key serine protease that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the coagulation cascade, is a promising target enzyme for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic ...diseases. DU‐176b is a novel antithrombotic agent that directly inhibits FXa activity. Objective: To evaluate the in vitro pharmacological profiles and in vivo effects of DU‐176b in animal models of thrombosis and bleeding. Methods: In vitro, FXa inhibition, specificity and anticoagulant activities were examined. Oral absorption was studied in rats and cynomolgus monkeys. In vivo effects were studied in rat and rabbit models of venous thrombosis and tail bleeding. Results: DU‐176b inhibited FXa with Ki values of 0.561 nm for free FXa, 2.98 nm for prothrombinase, and exhibited >10 000‐fold selectivity for FXa. In human plasma, DU‐176b doubled prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at concentrations of 0.256 and 0.508 μm, respectively. DU‐176b did not impair platelet aggregation by ADP, collagen or U46619. DU‐176b was highly absorbed in rats and monkeys, as demonstrated by more potent anti‐Xa activity and higher drug concentration in plasma following oral administration than a prototype FXa inhibitor, DX‐9065a. In vivo, DU‐176b dose‐dependently inhibited thrombus formation in rat and rabbit thrombosis models, although bleeding time in rats was not significantly prolonged at an antithrombotic dose. Conclusions: DU‐176b is a more potent and selective FXa inhibitor with high oral bioavailability compared with its prototype, DX‐9065a. DU‐176b represents a promising new anticoagulant for the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic diseases.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Coherent radiation from a short bunch of electron beams is expected to be utilized as a terahertz (THz) radiation source. We have conducted an investigation on a terahertz source based on ...coherent diffraction-radiation (CDR) that possesses a unique characteristic of radial polarization and is potentially useful for certain applications. Particularly, with the high repetition beam of an energy-recovery linac, it is possible to achieve a watt-class high power source. We have designed a CDR setup and THz transport line, and subsequently measured the THz beam profile at the end of the line. The results confirmed the preservation of the distinctive characteristics of CDR within the experimental area.
Tissue engineering is a promising method for the regeneration of oral and maxillofacial tissues. Proper selection of a cell source is important for the desired application. This review describes the ...discovery and usefulness of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells as a cell source for tissue engineering. Dedifferentiated Fat cells are a highly homogeneous cell population (high purity), highly proliferative, and possess a multilineage potential for differentiation into various cell types under proper in vitro inducing conditions and in vivo. Moreover, DFAT cells have a higher differentiation capability of becoming osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes than do bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and/or adipose tissue‐derived stem cells. The usefulness of DFAT cells in vivo for periodontal tissue, bone, peripheral nerve, muscle, cartilage, and fat tissue regeneration was reported. Dedifferentiated Fat cells obtained from the human buccal fat pad (BFP) are a minimally invasive procedure with limited esthetic complications for patients. The BFP is a convenient and accessible anatomical site to harvest DFAT cells for dentists and oral surgeons, and thus is a promising cell source for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The KamLAND-Zen 800 experiment is searching for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe by using 136Xe-loaded liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator is enclosed inside a balloon made of ...thin, transparent, low-radioactivity film that we call Inner Balloon (IB). The IB, apart from guaranteeing the liquid containment, also allows to minimize the background from cosmogenic muon-spallation products and 8B solar neutrinos. Indeed these events could contribute to the total counts in the region of interest around the Q-value of the double-beta decay of 136Xe. In this paper, we present an overview of the IB and describe the various steps of its commissioning minimizing the radioactive contaminations, from the material selection, to the fabrication of the balloon and its installation inside the KamLAND detector. Finally, we show the impact of the IB on the KamLAND background as measured by the KamLAND detector itself.
A novel scheme for the focusing of high-energy leptons in future linear colliders was proposed in 2001 P. Raimondi and A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3779 (2001). This scheme has many advantageous ...properties over previously studied focusing schemes, including being significantly shorter for a given energy and having a significantly better energy bandwidth. Experimental results from the ATF2 accelerator at KEK are presented that validate the operating principle of such a scheme by demonstrating the demagnification of a 1.3 GeV electron beam down to below 65 nm in height using an energy-scaled version of the compact focusing optics designed for the ILC collider.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Objectives
Many older patients with pneumonia cannot intake orally after admission and may need nutritional care such as nasogastric tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition. This study sought to ...compare in-hospital outcomes between patients receiving nasogastric tube feeding and total parenteral nutrition.
Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.
Setting
A hospital-based database constructed by the Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey data comprising more than 100 acute-care hospitals.
Participants
The study included consecutive older inpatients aged >65 years admitted to participating hospitals with a diagnosis of pneumonia from 2014 through 2017.
Measurements
We compared patients who received total parenteral nutrition and those who received nasogastric tube feeding in terms of characteristics and outcomes.
Results
Among the included inpatients, a total of 336 (73.2%) patients received total parenteral nutrition and 123 (26.8%) patients received nasogastric tube feeding. Patients with nasogastric tube feeding had less in-hospital mortality (13.8% vs 27.1%, p = 0.003) and a smaller number of complications (mean; 0.71 vs 1.44, p <0.001), shorter length of hospital stay (mean; 27.6 vs 48.9, p <0.001), more discharges home (72.4% vs 35.1%, p <0.001), and more discharges without oral intake (65.9% vs 45.8%, p <0.001) than patients with total parenteral nutrition. The same results were obtained in propensity score analysis.
Conclusions
Older patients with pneumonia treated with total parenteral nutrition were significantly more likely to have higher in-hospital mortality than those receiving nasogastric tube feeding.
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