Arsenic may affect the function of proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli, but epidemiological data on the association between arsenic ingestion and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are limited. ...Therefore, we conducted a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan, where the incidence of ESRD is the highest in the world, to study the potential association. Using the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan, we constructed a cohort of 362,505 members with age≥40years in 1998. We identified patients of ESRD newly diagnosed between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2010 and performed Cox proportional hazard regressions to identify risk factors for ESRD and evaluate their effects. Arsenic levels in drinking water were assessed on the basis of a nationwide census survey conducted by the government, of which measurement reports were available for 311 townships. We identified 5442 new patient of ESRD during the study period and found that residents of areas with arsenic levels≥50μg/L in the drinking water had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.14 (95% confidence interval CI: 1.08–1.21) for ESRD. After adjusting for sex, age, income, and comorbidities, we found an adjusted HR of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06–1.19), which was still statistically significant. Furthermore, the effect was modified by comorbidities, with more prominent effects on patients with less than three comorbidities (adjusted HR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.22–1.86 for low comorbidity score). In conclusion, a high arsenic level in drinking water was a risk factor for ESRD, independent of other documented risk factors. Reducing high-risk comorbidities in patients with early-stage renal dysfunction is important for slowing the progression of the disease to ESRD, even in the endemic area of arsenic exposure.
•Arsenic may affect renal function, but studies on its renal toxicity are limited.•We studied the association between As in drinking water and renal disease.•We used data from national health insurance and a drinking water survey in Taiwan.•Arsenic exposure was associated with the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD).•The effect was modified by comorbidities, which should be treated in early stages.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A little cooperation: A cooperative copper‐ and palladium‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and chemoselective three‐component coupling of benzynes, allylic epoxides, and terminal alkynes provides an efficient ...atom‐economical route to ortho‐disubstituted arenes. The resulting product undergoes a gold‐catalyzed cyclization reaction (see scheme; dba=dibenzylideneacetone, dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A full-scale deep oxidation pond with horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (DOP-HSCWs) was constructed and used to investigate the nutrient removal and establish a practical inversion ...prediction model. The high long-term performances of nearly 7 years were obtained with the average removal efficiencies of 76.48 ± 10.11% (chemical oxygen demand, COD), 60.61 ± 29.21% (ammonia nitrogen, NH4+-N), 54.04 ± 21.92% (total phosphorus, TP) and 88.44 ± 6.86% (suspended solids, SS), respectively. The removal efficiency actually increased after 2016 with outflow concentrations lower as compared to initial phase of operation. The effluent concentration in autumn were obviously higher than that in other seasons because of high influent loadings. The Flaml model achieved good performance demonstrating the ability to predict water quality of DOP-HSCWs without human intervention. In addition, COD, NH4+-N, TP concentration of effluent can be significantly affected by SS concentration of influent according to the generalized additive model (p < 0.001). Compared with HSCWs, the DOPs was mainly contributed to pollutant removal. In summer, Cyanobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominated in DOPs, while Proteobacteria was dominated in winter. Although the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in anaerobic zone decreased by 14.99%, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi increased by nearly 10%, which ensured decontamination effect of the DOPs. Proteobacteria was also dominated in HSCWs, but it was lower than that in DOPs. This study indicated that DOP-HSCWs can achieve a sustainably excellent purification of rural polluted river water during the long period of operation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel filtering dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) is designed in this article. By using a single‐layer planar feed structure, the TM01δ and TM011+δ modes of a cylindrical DR are excited. The ...proposed filtering DRA achieves a good omnidirectional radiation performance and a flat gain response. By loading a crossed patch with four shorting pins on the feed structure, the lower edge of the passband obtains a steep roll‐off rate. By plating four metal patches on the side wall of the DR, a radiation null (RN) is successfully introduced at the upper sideband of the DRA. The suppression levels of the proposed filtering DRA in the lower and upper stopbands are above 18 dB. Therefore, the proposed filtering DRA achieves filtering function without additional circuits. For demonstration, a prototype DRA is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results are basically consistent.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Detachment of cancer cells is the first step in tumor metastasis and malignancy. However, studies on the balance of initial tumor anchoring and detachment are limited. Herein, we revealed that the ...regulation of cytoskeleton proteins potentiates tumor detachment. The blockage of TGF-β1 using neutralizing antibodies induced cancer cell detachment in the Boyden chamber and 3D in-gel spheroid models. Moreover, treatment with latrunculin B, an actin polymerization inhibitor, enhanced cell dissociation by abolishing actin fibers, indicating that TGF-β1 mediates the formation of actin stress fibers, and is likely responsible for the dynamics of anchoring and detachment. Indeed, latrunculin B disrupted the formation of external TGF-β1-induced actin fibers and translocation of intracellular vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, resulting in the suppression of cell adhesion. Moreover, the silencing of vimentin substantially reduced cell adhesion and enhanced cell detachment, revealing that cell adhesion and focal adhesion protein translocation stimulated by TGF-β1 require vimentin. Using the 3D in-gel spheroid model, we found that latrunculin B suppressed the cell adhesion promoted by external TGF-β1, increasing the number of cells that penetrated the Matrigel and detached from the tumor spheres. Thus, cytoskeleton remodeling maintained the balance of cell anchoring and detachment, and the TGF-β1/vimentin/focal adhesion protein assembly axis was involved in the control dynamics of initial tumor detachment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We acquired 21 complete mitogenomes and 6 nearly complete mitogenomes of mantises belonging to 8 families (Hymenopodidae, Iridopterygidae, Mantidae, Metallyticidae, Sibyllidae, Tarachodidae, ...Thespidae, Toxoderidae) using 14 pairs of mantid specific primer sets and found that 5 species of mantises have duplicate copies (2–4) of trnR: Ambivia undata, Creobroter jiangxiensis, Creobroter urbanus, Phyllothelys sp1. and Theopropus elegans while two novel gene arrangements CR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR*-Q-M and COII-K*-D*-K-D*-K-D*-K-D were found in Schizocephala bicornis and Stenotoxodera porioni, respectively. The multiple copies of trnR are caused by independent duplications. The gene arrangements in Stenotoxodera porioni with three identical copies of trnK can be explained as mid-way through the TDRL process while the form of gene arrangement in Schizocephala bicornis is unclear. In the phylogeny at the family level, the monophyly of Liturgusidae and Iridopterygidae was supported, whereas the monophyly of Hymenopodidae, Mantidae and Tarachodidae wasn't. The features of mantis mitochondrial genomes including high duplication rates of trnR, trnK and trnI indicate that Mantodea mitochondrial genomes maybe a useful model system for studying gene duplication. However, derived gene arrangements may not be appropriate for phylogenetic inference in Mantodea as they aren't synapomorphy and aren't shared by close relatives.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The electrical properties of p-channel low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin film transistors (TFTs) under deep ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were studied. Characteristics including ...threshold voltage (Vth), hole field effect mobility (μeff) subthreshold swing (SS), and leakage current (Ioff) were investigated as a function of UV irradiation doses from 4 to 20 J/cm2. With an increase in UV irradiation dosage, the Vth shift of the TFT showed a turnaround effect, which first shifted to the positive direction and then shifted back to the negative direction after a UV irradiation dose of 16 J/cm2. The continuous degradation of SS and μeff was discovered with the enhancement of UV irradiation dose. To better understand the physical mechanisms underlying these characteristic changes, UV induced traps at poly-Si grain boundaries, traps at the poly-Si and gate oxide insulator (poly-Si/SiO2) interface, and trapped charges in the gate oxide were studied with a function of UV irradiation doses.
By using ionic liquid as membrane liquid and tri-
n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as additive, hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for the determination of five ...sulfonamides in environmental water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection The extraction solvent and the parameters affecting the extraction enrichment factor such as the type and amount of carrier, pH and volume ratio of donor phase and acceptor phase, extraction time, salt-out effect and matrix effect were optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions (organic liquid membrane phase: C
8MIMPF
6 with 14% TOPO (w/v); donor phase: 4
mL, pH 4.5 KH
2PO
4 with 2
M Na
2SO
4; acceptor phase: 25
μL, pH 13 NaOH; extraction time: 8
h), low detection limits (0.1–0.4
μg/L, RSD
≤
5%) and good linear range (1–2000
ng/mL,
R
2
≥
0.999) were obtained for all the analytes. The presence of humic acid (0–25
mg/L dissolved organic carbon) and bovine serum albumin (0–100
μg/mL) had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency. Good spike recoveries over the range of 82.2–103.2% were obtained when applying the proposed method on five real environmental water samples. These results indicated that this present method was very sensitive and reliable with good repeatabilities and excellent clean-up in water samples. The proposed method confirmed hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane based LPME to be robust to monitoring trace levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous samples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
As technology node keeps scaling and design complexity keeps increasing, power distribution networks (PDNs) require more routing resource to meet IR-drop and electro-migration (EM) constraints. This ...paper presents a design flow to generate a PDN that can result in near-minimal overhead for the routing of the underlying standard cells while satisfying both IR-drop and EM constraints based on a given cell placement. The design flow relies on a machine-learning model to quickly predict the total wire length of global route associated with a given PDN configuration in order to speed up the search process. The experimental results based on various 28 nm industrial block designs have demonstrated the accuracy of the learned model for predicting the routing cost and the effectiveness of the proposed framework for reducing the routing cost of the final PDN.
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