Background Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver failure, however infection after transplantation is a serious clinical complication. The purpose of ...this research was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the influence of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive infection in patients, following liver transplantation, to provide reference for clinical treatment and prevention of Gram-positive bacterial infection. Methods We isolated and detected bacteria from phlegm, throat swabs, urine, wound or wound secretions, blood, and fecal samples from 221 liver transplant patients in our hospital from January 2007 to April 2010. All isolated bacterial strains were identified and tested by minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） drug-sensitive detection using the BioMerieux ATB bacterial identification instrument and repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction （REP-PCR） detection of bacterial homology. Risk factors were calculated by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results We collected 250 specimens from 221 patients hospitalized following liver transplantation surgery, of which 29 patients developed multiple infections. Sixty-five Gram-positive bacterial strains were isolated from different specimens from 53 infectious patients. We detected 29 multidrug-resistant Gram-positive strains from 29 patients （44.62%）, including 20 Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） strains （68.97%） and nine Enterococcus strains （31.03%）. All 20 S. aureus strains were highly resistant to aminoglycosides （gentamicin）, cephalosporins （cefoxitin）, quinolones （ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin）, lincomycins （clindamycin）, penicillin, and erythromycin. The resistance rate reached 100% in some cases. The S. aureus strains were highly sensitive to vancomycin and oxazolidinone （linezolid）, with MIC50 〈2 pg/ml for both. The nine Enterococci strains were also highly resistant to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and penicillins, and highly sensitive to vancomycin （MIC50 〈2 pg/ml） and oxazolidinone （MIC50 〈1 pg/ml）. Using REP-PCR detection, S. aureus was divided into five genotypes with 14 B-type strains. Enterococcus was divided into 11 genotypes, with two D-type strains, two G-type strains, and two K-type strains. The risk factors for Gram-positive bacterial infection in patients following liver transplantation were preoperative use of antibiotics （OR=3.949, P=-0.004）, high intra-operative blood input （OR=1.071, P=0.005）, and postoperative renal failure （OR=5.427, P=-0.043）. Conclusions S. aureus and Enterococcus were the main pathogens causing infection following liver transplantation in patients with drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infection. The isolated strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. B-type S. aureus strains were predominant. Reasonable use of antibiotics, decreasing intra-operative blood input, and preventing post-operative renal failure may reduce Gram-positive bacterial infections and the appearance of drug-resistant strains following liver transplantation.
Some aminopeptidase N (APNs) serve as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac toxin receptor in the midguts of several lepidopteran insects. Two fragments of two different APN genes in BTI-TN-5B1-4 (a ...cloned cell line from Trichoplusia ni ovary) were amplified with two pairs of degenerate primers by RT-PCR, and the lengths of them were 188 bp and 564 bp, and named AS188 (GenBank Accession: CD809324) and AS564 (GenBank Accession: CD809326) respectively. Deduced protein sequences were highly similar to that of several receptor APNs in insects, with sequence identities of 45%-47% for the shorter one and 61%-63% for the other.
Objective To observe the influence of Kaixin Powder on ethology,content of 5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors in the hippocampus of depressed ...rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank,model, Trazodone, and Kaixin Powder groups, six rats in each group. In addition to the blank control group, other groups were established the depression model induced by CUMS combined with isolated feeding. At the same time, Trazodone group and Kaixin Powder group were treated with corresponding drugs for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of administration, the rats were sacrificed, and a series of indexes were measured such as the contents of 5-HT, m RNA expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, protein expression levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors, and so on. Results A series of indexes in the model group were decreased significantly such as the body weight growth, the sugar water intake, the score of Open Field Test, the content of5-HT in the hippocampus, expression of m RNA, and protein in 5-HT1 A receptor, while the expression of m RNA and protein in 5-HT2 A receptor were increased significantly.Compared with the model group, the indexes were ameliorated in Trazodone and Kaixin Powder groups. Kaixin Powder is better than Trazodone in decreasing the level of protein in 5-HT2 A receptor. Conclusion The result indicated that the depression performance of depressed rats induced by CUMS can be ameliorated by Kaixin Powder,and the mechanism maybe concerned with increasing the contents of 5-HT, exciting 5-HT1 A receptor, and antagonising 5- HT2 A receptor.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Current highway tunnel lighting control systems are often manually controlled, resulting in significant energy waste. This article designs a fuzzy control algorithm for tunnel lighting energy control ...systems. The system uses LED （Light Emitting Diode） lighting, so the fuzzy control algorithm is designed for LED lights. The traffic and the natural illumination level are used as parameters in the intelligent lighting control algorithm. This system has been deployed in the Lengshui tunnel on the 49th provincial highway of Zhejiang province and operated for more than six months. The performance results show that the energy conservation system provides sufficient lighting levels for traffic safety with significant energy conservation.
Background Previous studies have investigated the technique of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus （MI） in patients with idopathic atrial fibrillation （AF）, but MI ablation in patients with ...prosthetic natural mitral valves （MVs） was not described in detail. Present study sought to summarize our initial experience of ablating MI in patients with prosthetic MVs Methods Patients with drug refractory AF and prosthetic MVs were eligible for this study, and the patients with natural MVs but received MI ablation served as control group. Left atrium （LA） mapping and ablation was carried out guided by CARTO system. The anatomy of MI was assessed via computer topography scan. Results During the study period, a consecutive of 19 patients （male/female=12/7, mean age of （48±6） years） with prosthetic MVs （16 with metal valves, 3 with biologic valves） entered for AF ablation, other 35 patients served as control group. In study group, mapping along MI documented lower voltages （（2.0±1.0） vs. （3.1±1.3） mV, P=-0.002）, more fragmented potentials （19/19 vs. 20/15, P 〈0.001 ）, and higher impedance （（132±34） vs. （110±20） Ω, P=0.004）. After initial ablation, more residual gaps along the MI lesions were found in study group （2.4±0.4 vs. 1.7±0.3, P 〈0.001）. The mean length of MI （（6.2±3.3） vs. （7.1±2.3） cm, P=-0.25） was comparable between 2 groups, but the MI in study group was much thicker （（3.1±1.8） vs. （2.1±1.07） cm, P=0.01） and all were found as pouch type （19/19 vs. 2/35, P 〈0.001）. The follow-up results were comparable （65.1% vs. 72.3%, P=-0.30）. Conclusion For patients with prosthetic MVs, linear ablation at MI could be successfully carried out despite anatomical and pathological changes.
A new series of 12-benzyl matrinic amide/ethanamide derivatives were synthesized from matrinine（1）and evaluated for their anti-HCV activity,taking compound 2 as the lead.SAR revealed that the ...introduction of a suitable substituent at the N’-end of matrinic amide might greatly enhance the potency.Among them,matrinic acid 17 and N’-substituted matrinic amides 18a-d exhibited promising potency with low micromolar EC50 values ranging from 1.03μmol/L to 7.54 μmol/L,and better therapeutic window with SI from 66 to 132.Moreover,compound 17 displayed an excellent PK and safety profile in vivo,demonstrating good drug-like characteristics.Thus,it has been selected for further investigation,with an advantage of decreased chances of inducing drug-resistance mutations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
