Display omitted
•A trading framework is designed enabling the exchange of energy and carbon allowance.•Smart contract is exploited to automate standardised auction procedure.•The bidding/selling ...prices directly target on reshaping prosumption behaviours.•Results prove that the proposed framework facilitates regional energy balance and carbon saving.
Prosumers are active participants in future energy systems who produce and consume energy. However, the emerging role of prosumers brings challenges of tracing carbon emissions behaviours and formulating pricing scheme targeting on individual prosumption behaviours. This paper proposes a novel blockchain-based peer-to-peer trading framework to trade energy and carbon allowance. The bidding/selling prices of prosumers can directly incentivise the reshaping of prosumption behaviours to achieve regional energy balance and carbon emissions mitigation. A decentralised low carbon incentive mechanism is formulated targeting on specific prosumption behaviours. Case studies using the modified IEEE 37-bus test feeder show that the proposed trading framework can export 0.99 kWh of daily energy and save 1465.90 g daily carbon emissions, outperforming the existing centralised trading and aggregator-based trading.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Wireless power transfer (WPT) could revolutionize global transportation and accelerate growth in the electric vehicle (EV) market, offering an attractive alternative to cabled charging. Coil ...misalignment is inevitable due to driver parking behavior and has a detrimental effect on power transfer efficiency (PTE). This paper proposes a novel coil design and adaptive hardware to improve PTE in magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigate coil misalignment, a crucial roadblock in the acceptance of WPT for EVs. The new design was verified using ADS, providing a good match to theoretical analysis. Custom designed receiver and transmitter circuitry was used to simulate vehicle and parking bay conditions and obtain PTE data in a small-scale setup. Experimental results showed that PTE can be improved by 30% at the array's center, and an impressive 90% when misaligned by three-fourths of the array's radius. The proposed novel coil array achieves overall higher PTE compared to the benchmark single coil design.
Cognitive radio has emerged as one of the most promising candidate solutions to improve spectrum utilization in next generation cellular networks. A crucial requirement for future cognitive radio ...networks is wideband spectrum sensing: secondary users reliably detect spectral opportunities across a wide frequency range. In this article, various wideband spectrum sensing algorithms are presented, together with a discussion of the pros and cons of each algorithm and the challenging issues. Special attention is paid to the use of sub-Nyquist techniques, including compressive sensing and multichannel sub- Nyquist sampling techniques.
Interference alignment (IA) is a promising technique for interference management and can be applied to spectrum sharing in cognitive radio (CR) networks. However, the sum rate may fall short of the ...theoretical maximum, particularly at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the quality of service (QoS) of the primary user (PU) may not be guaranteed. In addition, power allocation (PA) in IA-based CR networks is largely ignored, which can further improve its performance. Thus, in this paper, PA in IA-based CR networks is studied. To guarantee the QoS requirement of the PU, its minimal transmitted power is derived. Then, we propose three PA algorithms to maximize the throughput of secondary users (SUs), the energy efficiency (EE) of the network, and the requirements of SUs, respectively, while guaranteeing the QoS of the PU. To reduce the complexity, the closed-form solutions of these algorithms are further studied in detail. The outage probability of the PU according to its rate threshold is also derived to analyze the performance of these algorithms. Moreover, we propose a transmission-mode adaptation scheme to further improve the PU's performance when its QoS requirement cannot be guaranteed at low SNR, and it can be easily combined with the proposed PA algorithms. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive PA algorithms for IA-based CR networks.
The synthesis and characterization of Fe, Co and Ni complexes supported by silylene ligands in the past ten years are summarized. Due to the decrease of the electron cloud density on the Si atom ...after coordination, the downfield shift of the
29
Si chemical shift is accompanied by the coordination between the free silylene ligand and metal. The strong electron-donating ability of silylene makes the metal center more electron-rich, which is conducive to the oxidative addition reaction in the metal center. In some cases, the coordination ability of silylene is stronger than those of phosphine and carbene ligands. Therefore, silylene transition metal complexes have better catalytic activity. The further challenges in this field are to develop new polydentate silylene ligands, synthesize chelate silylene-phosphine and silylene-carbene ligands, and design new silylene transition metal complexes for more catalytic research.
The synthesis of silylene Fe, Co and Ni complexes in the past ten years is summarized. The further challenges are to design silylene-phosphine and silylene-carbene ligands and synthesize their transition metal complexes for catalytic applications.
Interference alignment (IA) is a promising technique for interference management in wireless networks. However, the sum rate may fall short of the theoretical maximum, particularly at low ...signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels since IA mainly concentrates on mitigating the interference, instead of improving the quality of desired signal. Moreover, most of the previous works focused on improving spectrum efficiency, but the energy efficiency (EE) aspect is largely ignored. In this paper, an adaptive energy-efficient IA algorithm is proposed through power allocation (PA) and transmission-mode adaptation for green IA-based wireless networks. The PA problem for IA is first analyzed; then, we propose a PA scheme that optimizes the EE of IA-based wireless networks. When the SNR is low, the transmitted power of some users may become zero. Thus, the users with low transmitted power are turned into the sleep mode in our scheme to save energy. The transmitted power and transmission mode of the remaining active users are adapted again to further improve the EE of the network. To guarantee the interests of all the users, fairness among users is also considered in the proposed scheme. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in improving the EE of IA-based wireless networks.
This paper proposes a unified framework for the effective rate analysis over arbitrary correlated and not necessarily identical multiple-input single-output (MISO) fading channels, which uses the ...moment generating function (MGF) based approach and H transform representation. The proposed framework has the potential to simplify the cumbersome analysis procedure compared with the probability density function-based approach. Moreover, the effective rates over two specific fading scenarios are investigated, namely, independent but not necessarily identical distributed (i.n.i.d.) MISO hyper Fox's H fading channels and arbitrary correlated generalized K fading channels. The exact analytical representations for these two scenarios are also presented. By substituting corresponding parameters, the effective rates in various practical fading scenarios, such as Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, Weibull/Gamma, and generalized K fading channels, are readily available. In addition, asymptotic approximations are provided for the proposed H transform and MGF-based approach as well as for the effective rate over i.n.i.d. MISO hyper Fox's H fading channels. Simulations under various fading scenarios are also presented, which support the validity of the proposed method.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies have been widely used in many areas, e.g., the charging of electric toothbrush, mobile phones, and electric vehicles. This paper introduces fundamental ...principles of three WPT technologies, i.e., inductive coupling-based WPT, magnetic resonant coupling-based WPT, and electromagnetic radiation-based WPT, together with discussions of their strengths and weaknesses. Main research themes are then presented, i.e., improving the transmission efficiency and distance, and designing multiple transmitters/receivers. The state-of-the-art techniques are reviewed and categorised. Several WPT applications are described. Open research challenges are then presented with a brief discussion of potential roadmap.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology makes it possible to supply power through an air-gap, without the need for current-carrying wires. One important technique of WPT technology is magnetic ...resonant coupling (MRC) WPT. Based on the advantages of MRC WPT, such as safety and high power transfer efficiency over a long transmit distance, there are many possible applications of MRC WPT. This study provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the MRC WPT technology and wireless charging for electric vehicle (EV). A comparative overview of MRC WPT system design which includes a detailed description of the prototypes, schematics, compensation circuit topologies (impedance matching), and international charging standards. In addition, this study provides an overview of wireless EV charging including the static wireless EV charging and the dynamic wireless EV charging, which focuses on the coil design, power transfer efficiency, and current research achievement in the literature.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The main goal of this paper is to design a market operator (MO) and a distribution network operator (DNO) for a network of microgrids in consideration of multiple objectives. This is a high-level ...design and only those microgrids with nondispatchable renewable energy sources are considered. For a power grid in the network, the net value derived from providing power to the network must be maximized. For a microgrid, it is desirable to maximize the net gain derived from consuming the received power. Finally, for an independent system operator, stored energy levels at microgrids must be maintained as close as possible to storage capacity to secure network emergency operation. To achieve these objectives, a multiobjective approach is proposed. The price signal generated by the MO and power distributed by the DNO are assigned based on a Pareto optimal solution of a multiobjective optimization problem. By using the proposed approach, a fair scheme that does not advantage one particular objective can be attained. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed methodology.
PDF
