Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) is a rare malignant tumor of blood vessel endothelial cells with a bleeding tendency. KS is relatively uncommon in the general population. However, its incidence significantly ...increases in people living with HIV. This article reports a rare case of nasal Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Understanding the clinical presentation of this disease and its association with HIV is crucial for ENT doctors, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of KS. A case of Kaposi’s sarcoma in the nasal cavity was reported. The patient had a history of AIDS and was being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). He presented with a 3-month history of progressive swelling on both sides of his nose. The pathology diagnosis was Kaposi’s sarcoma. The lesion lessened after 3 times of chemotherapy. Nasal Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) typically presents as purplish-red or purplish-black spots, patches, or lumps in the nasal cavity. Patients may experience local symptoms like nasal congestion, pain, or bleeding, and they may also exhibit systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and weight loss. In patients without a history of immune suppression, consideration should be given to the possibility of HIV infection. Purely nasal KS often responds well to HAART treatment and may not require surgical excision.
Effective treatment options are limited for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy. Adults age ≥18 years with newly diagnosed AML ineligible for ...intensive chemotherapy were enrolled in this international phase 3 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Patients (N = 211) were randomized 2:1 to venetoclax (n = 143) or placebo (n = 68) in 28-day cycles, plus low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) on days 1 to 10. Primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included response rate, transfusion independence, and event-free survival. Median age was 76 years (range, 36-93 years), 38% had secondary AML, and 20% had received prior hypomethylating agent treatment. Planned primary analysis showed a 25% reduction in risk of death with venetoclax plus LDAC vs LDAC alone (hazard ratio HR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.52-1.07; P = .11), although not statistically significant; median OS was 7.2 vs 4.1 months, respectively. Unplanned analysis with additional 6-month follow-up demonstrated median OS of 8.4 months for the venetoclax arm (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.98; P = .04). Complete remission (CR) plus CR with incomplete blood count recovery rates were 48% and 13% for venetoclax plus LDAC and LDAC alone, respectively. Key grade ≥3 adverse events (venetoclax vs LDAC alone) were febrile neutropenia (32% vs 29%), neutropenia (47% vs 16%), and thrombocytopenia (45% vs 37%). Venetoclax plus LDAC demonstrates clinically meaningful improvement in remission rate and OS vs LDAC alone, with a manageable safety profile. Results confirm venetoclax plus LDAC as an important frontline treatment for AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03069352.
•Venetoclax plus LDAC improves response rate, transfusion independence, and patient-reported outcomes vs LDAC alone in older AML patients.•Median OS for patients receiving venetoclax plus LDAC was 8.4 months vs 4.1 months for those receiving LDAC alone.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
As microplastic pollution has become an emerging environmental issue of global concern, microplastics in aquaculture have become a research hotspot. For environmental safety, economic efficiency and ...food safety considerations, a comprehensive understanding of microplastic pollution in aquaculture is necessary. This review outlines an overview of sources and effects of microplastics in aquaculture. External environmental inputs and aquaculture processes are sources of microplastics in aquaculture. Microplastics may release harmful additives and adsorb pollutants in aquaculture environment, cause deterioration of aquaculture environment, as well as cause toxicological effects, affect the behavior, growth and reproduction of aquaculture products, ultimately reducing the economic benefits of aquaculture. Microplastics entering the human body through aquaculture products also pose potential health risks at multiple levels. Microplastic pollution removal strategies used in aquaculture in various countries are also reviewed. Ecological interception and purification are considered to be effective methods. In addition, strengthening aquaculture management and improving fishing gear and packaging are also currently feasible solutions. As proactive measures, new portable microplastic monitoring system and remote sensing technology are considered to have broad application prospects. And it was encouraged to comprehensively strengthen the supervision of microplastic pollution in aquaculture through talent exchange and strengthening the construction of laws and regulations.
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•Microplastics in aquaculture derive from the environment and aquaculture processes.•Microplastics have adverse effects on the environment, aquaculture products and human.•Ecological interception, purification, optimize process are ways to control pollution.•New techniques, perfection of standards, cross domain cooperation are future thrusts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
The benefit of adjuvant therapy (AT) after curative resection of distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of AT on ...long‐term survival of patients who underwent curative‐intent resection for DCC.
Methods
Patients who underwent curative‐intent resection for DCC between 2000 and 2020 were identified from a multi‐institutional database. The primary outcomes included overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS).
Results
Among 245 patients, 150 (61.2%) patients received AT (chemotherapy alone: n = 43; chemo‐ and radiotherapy: n = 107) after surgical resection, whereas 95 (38.8%) patients underwent surgery only. Patients who received AT were younger, and more likely to have an advanced tumor with the presence of perineural invasion (PNI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), lymph‐vascular invasion, and higher T categories (all p < 0.05). Overall, there was no difference in OS (median, surgery + AT 25.5 vs. surgery alone 24.5 months, p = 0.27) or RFS (median, surgery + AT 15.8 vs. surgery alone 18.9 months, p = 0.24) among patients who did versus did not receive AT. In contrast, AT was associated with improved long‐term survival among patients with PNI (median OS, surgery + AT 25.9 vs. surgery alone 17.8 months, p = 0.03; median RFS, surgery + AT 15.9 vs. surgery alone 11.9 months, p = 0.04) and LNM (median, surgery + AT 20.0 vs. surgery alone 17.8 months, p = 0.03), but not among patients with no PNI or LNM (all p > 0.1).
Conclusions
AT was commonly utilized among patients with DCC. Patients with more advanced disease, including the presence of PNI or LNM, benefited the most from AT with improved long‐term outcomes among this subset of patients.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A sulfur‐promoted three‐component reaction of isatoic anhydride, primary aliphatic or aromatic amines, and acetophenones leading to densely substituted 3‐substituted 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones is ...reported. The key step involves a cascade reaction of selective oxidation of the methyl group of the acetophenones, followed by a condensation with anthranilamides. The scope of the reaction is applicable to the synthesis of tryptanthrin and various 3‐unsubstituted 2‐aroylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials in the consumer products, agriculture, and energy sectors. Their large demand and widespread applications will ...inevitably cause damage to organisms and ecosystems. A better understanding of TiO2 NP toxicity in living organisms may promote risk assessment and safe use practices of these nanomaterials. This review summarizes the toxic effects of TiO2 NPs on multiple taxa of microorganisms, algae, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The mechanism of TiO2 NP toxicity to organisms can be outlined in three aspects: The Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced by TiO2 NPs following the induction of electron–hole pairs; cell wall damage and lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane caused by NP-cell attachment by electrostatic force owing to the large surface area of TiO2 NPs; and TiO2 NP attachment to intracellular organelles and biological macromolecules following damage to the cell membranes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Prussian blue analogs are well suited for sodium-ion battery cathode materials due to their cheap cost and high theoretical specific capacity. Na
CoFe(CN)
(CoHCF), one of the PBAs, has poor rate ...performance and cycling stability, while Na
FeFe(CN)
(FeHCF) has better rate and cycling performance. The CoHCF@FeHCF core-shell structure is designed with CoHCF as the core material and FeHCF as the shell material to enhance the electrochemical properties. The successfully prepared core-shell structure leads to a significant improvement in the rate performance and cycling stability of the composite compared to the unmodified CoHCF. The composite sample of core-shell structure has a specific capacity of 54.8 mAh g
at high magnification of 20 C (1 C = 170 mA g
). In terms of cycle stability, it has a capacity retention rate of 84.1% for 100 cycles at 1 C, and a capacity retention rate of 82.7% for 200 cycles at 5 C. Kinetic analysis shows that the composite sample with the core-shell structure has fast kinetic characteristics, and the surface capacitance occupation ratio and sodium-ion diffusion coefficient are higher than those of the unmodified CoHCF.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study proposes the use of a new ultrasonic irradiation method to enhance permeability and desorption for gas recovery from low-permeability coal reservoirs. A triaxial stress ultrasonic ...irradiation test apparatus was developed specifically for coal, considering the properties of gas adsorption, migration, and sound intensity, and providing a simultaneous measurement of gas flux, to investigated the deformation and temperature of coal samples obtained from the Fuxin coal field by permeability and desorption experiments. With the ultrasonic irradiation duration, the permeability of coal improved gradually with unequal variation, accompanied by the Klinkenberg effect where it decreased rapidly and then increased slowly with increasing gas pressure. The ability to desorb coal was enhanced by higher sound intensity ultrasound irradiation, and the volume of gas desorption was much greater than that of the sample without mange, the temperature and strain were demonstrated as a "J shaped" curve. An X-ray computer tomography (CT) technique was used to visualise the meso- or macro-cracks in the coal sample at pre- and post- ultrasonic irradiation, consequently, fractures expanded under the irradiation of ultrasonic waves. A permeability and desorption model was developed to describe the improvement of coal seam gas production capacity under ultrasonic irradiation, which introduced effective sound pressure.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Topological nodal line semimetals are characterized by the crossing of the conduction and valence bands along one or more closed loops in the Brillouin zone. Usually, these loops are either isolated ...or touch each other at some highly symmetric points. Here, we introduce a different kind of nodal line semimetal, that contains a pair of linked nodal loops. A concrete two-band model was constructed, which supports a pair of nodal lines with a double-helix structure, which can be further twisted into a Hopf link because of the periodicity of the Brillouin zone. The nodal lines are stabilized by the combined spatial inversion P and time reversal T symmetry; the individual P and T symmetries must be broken. The band exhibits nontrivial topology that each nodal loop carries a π Berry flux. Surface flatbands emerge at the open boundary and are exactly encircled by the projection of the nodal lines on the surface Brillouin zone. The experimental implementation of our model using cold atoms in optical lattices is discussed.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
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