Buildings consume large amounts of energy and resources and have a significant impact on environment. In 2010 buildings accounted for 32% of total global final energy use and 19% of energy-related ...GHG emissions. This energy use and related emissions may double or potentially even triple by mid-century. China is the world's largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter. With the process of urbanization, China has been entering into a period of great prosperity for construction, about 1.6–2.0 billionm2 buildings are constructed each year, which accounts for about 40% of the world's total new buildings. It is predicted that China’s building energy use and related emissions will continue to increase over the next 15 years. Therefore, promoting green building development has become an urgent issue in China. However, green building is a highly complicated system engineering, its promotion needs evaluation standards as technical support. Many countries had issued a series of green building evaluation standards since 1990. Currently, there are some representative green building assessment schemes. Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) has been fully implemented as the national authoritative standard of the UK since 2010. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) developed by the USA, was revised and updated regularly with the latest version issued in 2013. China enacted its national evaluation standard for green building in 2006, and revised the standard in 2014. Based on introducing the latest evaluation standards for green buildings in China, Britain and United States, the paper compared these standards from 5 aspects including energy-saving, water-saving, material-saving, site selection and the outdoor and indoor environmental quality. The comparison mainly focuses on evaluation methods and evaluation indicators in the three standard systems. Besides, the characteristics of each standard system were summarized and some suggestions for improving China’s evaluation standard for green building were proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Non-contact temperature sensors based on up-conversion photoemission with quick response and in situ monitoring exhibits scientific and technological potential. However, to achieve highly efficient ...up-conversion and good temperature sensing performance from doped disordered glass matrix has led to limited success. Here, we report a nano-structured NaY2F7:Yb3+/Tm3+ glass ceramic for intense up-conversion in the first bio-window and sensitive optical response on temperature. Evidenced by detailed structural and optical characterization, the incorporation of Yb3+/Tm3+ into NaY2F7 nano-crystals results in the greatly enhanced and long-lived photoluminescence with noteworthy Stark splitting. More interestingly, the emission intensity ratio of thermally coupled 3F2,3 → 3H6 and 1G4 → 3F4 transition of Tm3+ is highly temperature dependent and repeatable due the protection of silicate glass network. Thus, NaY2F7:Yb3+/Tm3+ glass ceramic shows excellent temperature sensing performances, including high sensitivity, and excellent repeatability. In particular, the maximal relative and absolute sensitivity reach 1.63 %K−1 (415 K) and 10.01 %K−1 (567 K), respectively. These results reveal that Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped NaY2F7 GC could be promising in the application of up-converting materials for high performance optical temperature sensor.
•Highly transparent bulk NaY2F7:Yb3+/Tm3+ glass ceramic was successfully manufactured.•The formation of NaY2F7 nano-crystals and the enrichment of Yb/Tm into nano-crystals were confirmed.•SR-MAX reaches 1.63 %K−1 (415 K) and SA-MAX is 10.01 %K−1 (567 K).•NaY2F7:Yb3+/Tm3+ glass ceramic could be potential candidate for highly sensitive optical thermometry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
MicroRNAs plays important role in the development of myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to analyze whether miR-429 has effect on the process of autophagy in myocardial ...anoxia/reoxygenation (AR) or ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and explore the underlying mechanism. The results showed that miR-429 was significantly decreased in MI mouse hearts and AR treated cardiomyocytes. Dual luciferase activity assay proved that MO25 was the direct target of miR-429. MO25 was dramatically decreased in AR treated cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-429 dramatically decreased the expression of MO25, whereas inhibition of miR-429 noticeably increased the expression of MO25. In addition, overexpression of miR-429 reduced GFP-LC3B labelled cells, decreased the number of vesicle and autophagosome in each cardiomyocyte, and induced cell apoptosis in AR treated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, inhibition of miR-429 had the opposite effect. The further in vivo study showed that when mouse in IR group were injected with antagomiR-429, the weight of left ventricular was increased and infarct size was significantly decreased. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo study showed that the expression of MO25, LKB1, pAMPKa, ATG13, p62 and LC3BI/II was noticeably increased by antagomiR-429. In conclusion, our results suggested that antagonism of miR-429 ameliorates anoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes by enhancing MO25/LKB1/AMPK mediated autophagy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microplastics (< 5 mm diameter) are one of most important environmental pollutants and contaminants worldwide. However, how microplastics affect liver immune microenvironment in not well understood. ...Microplastics (0.5 µm) were administered orally to C57BL/6J mice for 4 consecutive weeks at the rate of 0.5 mg/day. Non-parenchymal cells were isolated from of the mice through fractionation of fresh hepatic tissues. The immune landscape for four cell populations of B cells, T cells, NK cells and macrophages in the liver tissues was then evaluated using flow cytometry. The secretion level of inflammatory cytokines and associated signaling pathway were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Oral ingestion of microplastics increases liver weight, general liver index as well as expression of serum, liver function-related indicators. Microplastics also increased the infiltration of natural killer cells and macrophages to non-parenchymal liver cells, but reduced that of B cells to the same tissues. However, microplastics had no effect on the infiltration of T cell to non-parenchymal liver cells. Ingestion of MPs also up-regulated the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-33 mRNA, but down-regulated that of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-18 and TGF-β1. Overall, the aforementioned processes were regulated via the NF-κB pathway in the hepatic non-parenchymal cells. Microplastics disrupts inflammatory process in liver tissues via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide a strong foundation on immune processes in hepatic tissues following prolonged ingestion of microplastics.
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•MPs increased liver weight, index and function-related indicators of mice.•MPs increased the infiltration of DX5+ NK cells and M1 macrophages, but reduced PD-1+ B cells in the livers.•MPs induced inflammatory process via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this work, we present a highly sensitive optical thermometer, Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped Sr2GdF7 transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramic (GC). Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ GC was synthesized by traditional ...melt-quenching method with further crystallization process. Its structural and optical properties were systematically investigated by a series of characterization methods. The enrichment of Tm3+ into Sr2GdF7 lattice is confirmed by enhanced emission intensities, obvious Stark splitting and prolonged lifetimes of Tm3+ after crystallization. Based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of 3F3 → 3H6 and 1G4 → 3F4 transitions of Tm3+, the temperature thermometric properties of Sr2GdF7:Tm3+ GC were explored. Interestingly, maximum relative sensitivity SR-max reaches 1.97% K−1 at 353 K and the absolute sensitivity SA keeps increasing with temperature up to 3.90% K−1 at 563 K. Our investigation demonstrates that Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ GC may act as promising candidate for optical temperature sensor.
•Transparent Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ glass ceramic (GC) was successfully fabricated.•Up-conversion of Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ GC is high enhanced compared to that of PG.•Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ GC present large energy gap (2207 cm−1) and high relative sensitivity (SR-max reaches 1.97%K−1 at 353 K).•Sr2GdF7:Tm3+/Yb3+ GC may find application in FIR-based temperature sensors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In view of the influence of different cell state parameters on the estimation of power battery packs’ state of charge (SOC), based on the travel data of electric vehicles in Beijing, random forest is ...used to reduce dimensionality, and the aging and thermoelectric characteristic parameters which have high correlation are selected as the input features of long short-term memory (LSTM). Then, using grid search to optimize the LSTM structure. Finally construct a data-driven method for high robustness prediction of battery SOC. The results show that the maximum absolute error (MaxAE) of the proposed SOC prediction method is only 1.539% under different temperatures, battery aging degrees and operating conditions. Compared with the two SOC prediction methods of gate recurrent unit (GRU) and recurrent neural network (RNN) , the MaxAE is reduced by 71.8% and 26.1% respectively. The research results provide a method basis for improving the robustness of power battery SOC estimation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped transparent glass ceramics (GC) containing Sr2YF7 nanocrystals were successfully manufactured by traditional melt-quenching technique. Their structural and up-conversion ...luminescent properties were systemically investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a series of spectroscopy methods. Tremendously enhanced up-conversion emissions with obvious Stark splitting and prolonged luminescence lifetime were observed after crystallization. These optical spectroscopy results manifest that Tm3+ ions have incorporated into the Sr2YF7 crystalline lattice with low phonon energy (~ 400cm−1) after heat-treatment. The 3F2,3 and 3H4 levels of Tm3+ can be explored as thermally coupled energy levels (TCEL) for temperature sensing because of their befitting energy gap (~ 2000cm−1). At the same time, the population of 1G4 state of Tm3+ is indirectly originated from 3H4 one. Therefore the temperature sensing performances of Tm3+ doped Sr2YF7 GC were investigated by fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between 3F2,3 → 3H6 and 1G4 → 3F4 up-conversion emissions of Tm3+. Results show that the theoretical maximum value of relative sensitivity SR-max is 1.16%K−1 at 428 K, and absolute sensitivity SA keeps increasing with temperature. Such Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped Sr2YF7 GC may be excellent candidate for optical temperature sensors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this paper, a series of Bi3+ and Eu3+ single-doped as well as Bi3+,Eu3+ co-doped Ba9Y2Si6O24 samples were synthesized through a simple high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Their crystal ...structures, morphologies, luminescent properties, temperature-dependent emission spectra, decay curves and quantum efficiencies were investigated in detail. Upon ultraviolet light excitation, Bi3+ single-doped samples exhibited blue and green emissions peaking at 408 and 501 nm, corresponding to the 3P1–1S0 transition of Bi3+ ions. The spectral analysis indicated that there were two different luminescent centers of Bi3+ ions due to different occupancies in Ba9Y2Si6O24 host lattice. And the highest quantum efficiency can reach 64.5% in Ba9Y2Si6O24:0.024Bi3+ phosphor. The remarkable spectral overlap between the emission spectra of Bi3+ ions and the excitation spectra of Eu3+ ions indicated the exist of energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+. The efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ has been investigated in detail and resulted in that tunable and white-light emission can be obtained by modulating Eu3+ doping concentration. White emission can be realized with the CIE coordinates of (0.357, 0.345) and quantum efficiency of 57.6% for Ba9Y2Si6O24:0.024Bi3+,0.02Eu3+. The above results demonstrate that Ba9Y2Si6O24:Bi3+,Eu3+ may be a potential candidate for ultraviolet (UV) driven white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs).
•Luminescence and energy transfer of Ba9Y2Si6O24:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphor were investigated.•The highest QE can reach 64.5% in BYSO:0.024Bi3+ phosphor.•White emission can be obtained in BYSO:0.024Bi3+,0.02Eu3+ sample with QE of 57.6%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
From December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia (formerly known as the 2019 novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV) broke out in Wuhan, China. In this study, we present serial CT findings in a ...40-year-old female patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who presented with the symptoms of fever, chest tightness, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. CT showed rapidly progressing peripheral consolidations and ground-glass opacities in both lungs. After treatment, the lesions were shown to be almost absorbed leaving the fibrous lesions.
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