This paper presents a half-face dictionary integration (HFDI) algorithm for representation-based classification. The proposed HFDI algorithm measures residuals between an input signal and the ...reconstructed one, using both the original and the synthesized dual-column (row) half-face training samples. More specifically, we first generate a set of virtual half-face samples for the purpose of training data augmentation. The aim is to obtain high-fidelity collaborative representation of a test sample. In this half-face integrated dictionary, each original training vector is replaced by an integrated dual-column (row) half-face matrix. Second, to reduce the redundancy between the original dictionary and the extended half-face dictionary, we propose an elimination strategy to gain the most robust training atoms. The last contribution of the proposed HFDI method is the use of a competitive fusion method weighting the reconstruction residuals from different dictionaries for robust face classification. Experimental results obtained from the Facial Recognition Technology, Aleix and Robert, Georgia Tech, ORL, and Carnegie Mellon University-pose, illumination and expression data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially in the case of the small sample size problem.
Nylon 10T and nylon 10T/1010 samples were synthesized by direct melt polymerization. The isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon 10T and nylon 10T/1010 was investigated by means of differential ...scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization kinetics under isothermal condition has been analyzed by the Avrami equation. It was found that the Avrami equation was well-suited to describe the isothermal crystallization kinetics, combined with the results of the Turnbull-Fisher equation. The values of
T
m
0
and
K
g
were obtained by Hoffman-Weeks and Lauritzen-Hoffman equations, respectively. The activation energies for isothermal crystallization of nylon 10T and nylon 10T/1010 were determined using the Arrhenius equation and found to be -123.24 and -81.86 kJ·mol
-1
, respectively, which reveals that the crystallization ability of nylon 10T/1010 was lower than that of nylon 10T during the isothermal crystallization process. The crystal morphology was observed by means of polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the addition of sebacic acid comonomer did not change the crystal form of nylon 10T, but significantly increased the number and decreased the size of spherulites.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
As one of the prospective two-dimensional nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP), which has excellent physical and chemical properties, has witnessed quick development in theranostic applications. The ...more recent advances in combining BP nanosheet (NS) with nanoparticles exhibit new opportunities to develop multifunctional nanocomposites. However, more effort should be devoted to elucidate the nanomaterial-cell interaction mechanism before the bio-applications of BP-nanoparticle hybrids. Herein, the intracellular behaviors of BP-gold nanoparticles (BP-Au NSs) are first investigated using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The presence of Au nanoparticles on the surface of a BP sheet allows nanohybrids with excellent SERS activity to enhance the intrinsic Raman signals of cellular components located around the NSs. Data from an endocytosis inhibitor blocking assay reveal that the nanohybrids are mainly taken up by macropinocytosis and caveolae-dependent endocytosis, which are energy-dependent processes. Associated with colocalization experiments, nanohybrids are found to internalize into lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, the SERS difference spectrum is extracted after Raman-fluorescence colocalization statistical analysis to distinguish the molecular structural differences in the biochemical components of the two organelles. These findings supply a definite cellular mechanistic understanding of the nano-biointeractions of nanocomposites in cancer cells, which may be of great importance to the biomedical applications of nanotechnology in the future.
Since the human face preserves the richest information for recognizing individuals, face recognition has been widely investigated and achieved great success in various applications in the past ...decades. However, face spoofing attacks (e.g., face video replay attack) remain a threat to modern face recognition systems. Though many effective methods have been proposed for anti-spoofing, we find that the performance of many existing methods is degraded by illuminations. It motivates us to develop illumination-invariant methods for anti-spoofing. In this paper, we propose a two-stream convolutional neural network (TSCNN), which works on two complementary spaces: RGB space (original imaging space) and multi-scale retinex (MSR) space (illumination-invariant space). Specifically, the RGB space contains the detailed facial textures, yet it is sensitive to illumination; MSR is invariant to illumination, yet it contains less detailed facial information. In addition, the MSR images can effectively capture the high-frequency information, which is discriminative for face spoofing detection. Images from two spaces are fed to the TSCNN to learn the discriminative features for anti-spoofing. To effectively fuse the features from two sources (RGB and MSR), we propose an attention-based fusion method, which can effectively capture the complementarity of two features. We evaluate the proposed framework on various databases, i.e., CASIA-FASD, REPLAY-ATTACK, and OULU, and achieve very competitive performance. To further verify the generalization capacity of the proposed strategies, we conduct cross-database experiments, and the results show the great effectiveness of our method.
Integrated combination of multiple colors as it is, color gestalt invariably troubles researchers as they seek to understand and analyze the complex constructions of affective factors. The author ...proposes a set of quantification methods for measuring color-affective factors of harmony, preference and structural composition. He also describes quantified models and interactive toolkits he built for both experimental purposes and user study. The author proposes a holistic method for understanding color combination that stands in contrast to conventional methods. Through this method, perception of color gestalt becomes computable and analyzable, inviting further research on interactive color computing and parametric design.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recently sparse representation has gained great success in face image super-resolution. The conventional sparsity-based methods enforce sparse coding on face image patches and the representation ...fidelity is measured by ℓ 2 -norm. Such a sparse coding model regularizes all facial patches equally, which however ignores the natures of facial patches, where the facial patches in the different regions (patch positions) of human face may have distinct contributions to face image reconstruction. In this paper, we propose to weight facial patches based on their discriminative abilities in regression for robust face hallucination reconstruction. Specifically, we learn the weights for facial patches according to the information entropy in each face region, so as to highlight higher frequency details in face images and the facial discriminability can be well retrieved. Furthermore, the weighted sparse coding can reasonable represent the less sparse nature of noisy images and thus remarkably boosts noise robust performance in face image super-resolution. Various experimental results on standard face databased show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both objective metrics and visual quality.
By solving the Nash equilibrium of the electricity market, it is possible to observe the game process of market entities under different boundary conditions and predict the future trend of the ...market. In order to study the state of market equilibrium in the power spot market, firstly we constructed a bi-level equilibrium model. The upper layer is the problem of maximizing the profit of power generation enterprises under the bidding constraint, and the lower layer is the security constraint economic dispatch with the goal of maximizing social welfare. The traditional solution transforms the bi-level model into MPEC or EPEC through optimal conditions, but they are generally non-convex and difficult to solve. In this regard, the coevolution algorithm is used to solve the bi-level model, and it is proved that the result of co-evolution under a limited strategy set is equivalent to the Nash equilibrium. Finally, an example of PJM 5 machine with 5 nodes is used to analyse the power market equilibrium in the spot market.
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