Epidemic spreading and awareness diffusion are typically driven by information exchange and physical contact generated by activities, respectively, evolving in a synergistic manner. In response to ...this reality, we propose a dynamic model of information-awareness-epidemic-activity coevolution on a four-layer network. Our findings reveal the presence of an optimal coupling between information contact preference and activity contact preference, which efficiently suppresses epidemic spreading. Specifically, the disease-related information should be targeted towards individuals who engage in more activities, enhancing their awareness and resistance to infection. Examining the epidemic situation, we observe that the epidemic threshold can be moderately increased with higher information levels but significantly decreased with increased activity frequency. Quantitatively, we establish that the epidemic threshold is strictly inversely proportional to the activity frequency. By integrating the microscopic Markov chain approach with the mean-field method, we provide theoretical insights into the system's state size and epidemic threshold. We derive an explicit expression for the critical combination of information level and activity frequency required to prevent epidemic outbreaks. These results are consistently supported by extensive Monte Carlo simulations on both heterogeneous scale-free multiplex networks and homogeneous Erdős-Rényi multiplex networks. This research emphasizes the crucial importance of reducing physical contact through activities as a key preventive measure against epidemics, complementing the focus on information dissemination to raise awareness.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Route guidance is an efficient method to improve the capacity and efficiency of traffic system. This paper proposes an advanced ecorouting guidance strategy based on the real-time feedback ...information of both fuel consumption and travel time under the background of intelligent transportation system. Compared with the geographical shortest path strategy (GSP) and the time shortest path strategy (TSP), simulation experiment results show that the new strategy can help save fuel consumption and traffic cost by less detours. The distribution of travel cost among the roads is also provided, which is consistent with analysis. The implementation of the strategy in real cities might greatly reduce the energy consumption for transportation.
Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) utilization has been regarded as a promising technique to efficiently harvest solar energy, but its thermal efficiency highly degrades in cold seasons because of ...remarkable heat loss. Although various methods, such as using air or vacuum gap, have been used to reduce heat loss of the PV/T, heat radiative loss still exists. In addition, unlike selective solar absorbers, the current PV/T absorber behaves like an infrared blackbody, showing great radiative heat loss. To overcome this drawback, a novel aerogel PV/T (referred to as “A-PV/T” hereinafter) collector based on solar transparent and thermally insulated silica aerogel is proposed, which can reduce the heat loss from both the non-radiative and radiative heat transfer modes. Experimental testing demonstrates that the thermal efficiency improvement of 25.1%-348% can be achieved for PV/T within the collecting temperature range of 35–70 °C when silica aerogel is introduced, indicating a significant efficiency enhancement. Compared with traditional PV/T (referred to as “T-PV/T” hereinafter) collector, the stagnation temperatures of the A-PV/T collector are 96.7 °C and 103.1 °C in outdoor and indoor environments, which are 27.4 °C and 25.8 °C greater, respectively, indicating a heat loss suppression of the aerogel. Moreover, simulation reveals that useful heat can hardly be provided by the T-PV/T collector in cold seasons, but the A-PV/T still exists a high solar thermal performance, showing good seasonal and regional applicability.
Powering a moon base, especially keeping it warm during the long lunar night, is a big challenge. This paper introduces a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system incorporating regolith thermal storage to ...solve the challenge of power and heat provision for the lunar base simultaneously. The vacuum of space around the moon helps this system by reducing heat loss. During the moon’s daytime, the system not only generates electricity but also captures heat. This stored heat in the regolith is then used at night, reducing the amount of equipment we need to send from Earth. The spectrally selective PV/T panels are designed to absorb a wide range of sunlight (0.3–2.5 µm) while minimizing heat loss in the infrared range (3–30 µm). Simulation results of the hybrid solar energy system indicate the average value of the overall efficiency is 45.9%, which relatively elevates 56.1% compared to the PV system. The launch mass of the proposed PV/T system is only 8.4% of a traditional photovoltaic-lithium battery system with the same amount of energy storage. And the total specific energy of the proposed system is 7.3 kWh kg
−1
, while that of the photovoltaic-lithium battery system is about 0.3 kWh kg
−1
. In summary, this study proposes an alternative combined heat and electricity supply system for the lunar base, which can greatly reduce the launch mass and free up load for other scientific research equipment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract In the contemporary era, the advent of epidemics instigates a substantial upswing in relevant information dissemination, bolstering individuals’ resistance to infection by concurrently ...reducing activity contacts and reinforcing personal protective measures. To elucidate this intricate dynamics, we introduce a composite four-layer network model designed to capture the interplay among information-driven awareness, human activity, and epidemic spread, with a focus on the allocation of individuals’ limited attention in diminishing activity frequency and self-infection rates. One intriguing observation from our findings is an anomalous, concave non-monotonic relationship between awareness trade-off and epidemic spread, with a more pronounced prevalence at an intermediate least awareness efficacy. This underscores the inadvisability of relaxing self-protection through reduced activity frequency or compensating for increased activity frequency by enhancing self-protection. Especially noteworthy is the significance of enhancing self-protection in response to heightened information dissemination and inherent activity demands to curtail infection risk. However, in scenarios with increasing ancillary activity frequency, the emphasis should exclusively shift towards reducing activity exposure. The model establishes a theoretical threshold for accurately predicting awareness efficacy in epidemic outbreaks. Optimal awareness allocation consistently resides at the extremes—either completely avoiding unnecessary activity contact or adopting full self-protection. This guidance, contingent on information level and activity demand, offers valuable insights into the delicate balance between individual behaviors and epidemic prevention.
Despite extensive work on energy consumption of vehicles, the economic performance of vehicles in urban road networks urgently requires a route guidance strategy, which can optimize travel cost along ...the path. In this work, a set of cost minimization path was newly developed based on the operation information of connected electric vehicles including both energy consumption and travel time. At first, the energy consumption for vehicles was estimated using Comprehensive Power-based Energy consumption Model (CPEM). Then the real-time energy consumption and travel time of vehicles on each road were collected and sent to other vehicles to calculate the travel path. The traffic flow in city networks was investigated using cellular automaton simulation. Compared to previous static shortest path and dynamic quickest path, both electricity consumption and travel time can be reduced by adopting new path. The maximum energy and travel cost saving can achieve ≈4% in a wide range of traffic density and various networks. Combined with tolling scheme, the cost minimization paths can further improve traffic efficiency. With the rapid development of intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology, the cost minimization paths can be used to provide eco-driving route-choice suggestion for drivers.
•Eco-driving path for connected electric vehicles is proposed to minimize energy consumption and travel time.•Performance of saving energy and time is verified in different traffic scenarios.•Performance can be further improved if combined with the tolling scheme.•Performance is robust for various urban network structures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Building heating projects lead to massive energy consumption and carbon emissions. Despite solar energy being clean and abundant for building heating, it has a temporal mismatch issue in which the ...energy demand and provision are opposite in magnitude between the heating and non-heating seasons. This paper propounds an energy management strategy, which aims to use year-round solar energy efficiently by producing heat in the heating season and generating electricity from the non-heating season's solar residual energy. The results prove that it can meet most of the space heating demand of the target district and provide extra electricity in the non-heating season. The year-round solar effective utilization duration is elevated to 2.48-fold of the conventional solar heating project and the annual thermal energy storage efficiency of 91.22% manifests that solar energy can be utilized more efficiently than the seasonal storage system (< 60%) throughout the whole year. Furthermore, the life cycle cost analysis indicates that the unit energy cost of this system (0.102 €/kWh) is lower than the solar seasonal energy storage system. Therefore, the solar energy supply-demand mismatch problem is settled via this energy management strategy and it is prospective to be promoted worldwide in the future.
•The concept of solar seasonal residual energy utilization has been proposed.•The solar seasonal mismatch problem is solved by an energy management strategy.•Remarkable annual energy and exergy efficiency at reasonably low costs is realized.•This feasible strategy is profitable for further solar energy penetration worldwide.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Two seasonal-regulatable solar energy utilization systems have been proposed.•Comprehensive performance is greatly enhanced via multi-objective optimization.•Solar year-round effective utilization ...period can be enhanced by 2.63-fold.•The investment is dramatically reduced by over 70% under the same conditions.
Space heating via fossil energy accounts for tremendous energy consumption and carbon emissions. Solar energy has enormous potential for building space heating in the heating season, but the more abundant solar resource is often in excess during the non-heating season, which leads to vast seasonal residual solar energy being wasted. In this paper, two solar seasonal-regulatable energy systems are proposed to solve this problem, i.e., System A: solar thermal and photovoltaic integration, and System B: solar thermal incorporating the organic Rankine cycle. Both systems are aimed at regulating the year-round solar energy for space heating in the heating season and making full use of solar seasonal residual energy for electricity generation in the non-heating season. The results show that the two systems can improve the effective solar utilization efficiency by 69.12% and 18.65%, respectively, and both can enhance the solar effective utilization period by 2.63-fold over the conventional solar thermal system. Besides, in comparison to the actual solar seasonal storage system monitoring data, both systems will dramatically decrease the investment cost by 72.69% and 72.22%, respectively. Overall, the superiority of solar seasonal-regulatable energy management systems in district-level applications is proven and it is instrumental in achieving the decarbonization goal.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
10.
Performance analysis of solar electric bikes Lin, Zequan; Hao, Qiangyan; Zhao, Bin ...
Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment,
July 2024, 2024-07-00, Volume:
132
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Urban transportation is a significant contributor to energy consumption and environmental degradation, while solar electric bikes (SE-bikes) represent a viable solution for alleviating both problems. ...In this paper, the charging and discharging properties of the SE-bike are investigated. An SE-bike is constructed for short and long term experiments. Experimental results indicate that the SE-bike can increase endurance by 20.5 km on a sunny day, and can meet daily cycling needs of 10 km without charging in both summer and autumn in Hefei. To assess the annual performance of the SE-bike, a theoretical model is developed, which includes the effects of environmental factors, vehicle shapes, daily electricity usage, etc. Simulation results reveal that the SE-bike only needs to be charged 5 times per year to meet daily demands in Hefei, which is a relative reduction of 93.0 % compared to 71 times per year for the regular bike without solar power supply.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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