Changes in nitrogen (N) deposition and litter mixtures have been shown to influence ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition. However, the interactive effects of litter mixing and ...N‐deposition on decomposition process in desert regions remain poorly identified. We assessed the simultaneous effects of both N addition and litter mixture on mass loss in a litterbag decomposition experiment using six native plants in single‐species samples with diverse quality and 14‐species combinations in the Gurbantunggut Desert under two N addition treatments (control and N addition). The N addition had no significant effect on decomposition rate of single‐species litter (expect Haloxylon ammodendron), whereas litter mass loss and decomposition rate differed significantly among species, with variations positively correlated with initial phosphorus concentration and negatively correlated with initial lignin concentration. After 18 months, the average mass loss across litter mixtures did not overall differ from those predicted from single species either in control or N addition treatments, that is, mixing of different species had no non‐additive effects on decomposition. The N addition, however, did modify the direction of mixture effects and interacted with incubation time. Added N transformed synergistic effects of litter mixtures to antagonistic effects on mass loss after 1 month of decomposition, while transforming neutral effects of litter mixture to synergistic effects after 6 months of decomposition. Our results demonstrated that initial chemical properties played an important role in litter decomposition, while no effects of litter mixture on decomposition process in this desert region. The N addition altered the litter mixture effects on mass loss with incubation time, implying that increased N deposition in the future may have profound effects on carbon turnover to a greater extent than previously thought in desert ecosystems.
This paper demonstrated that the initial chemical properties played an important role in litter decomposition, while no effects of litter mixture on decomposition process in this desert region. The N addition altered the litter mixture effects on mass loss with incubation time, implying that increased N deposition in the future may have profound effects on carbon turnover to a greater extent than previously thought in desert ecosystems.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on 30 years long-term fertilization experiment on the semiarid Loess Plateau in China, we studied the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the winter wheat yield, fertilizer ...contribution rate (FCR) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) in different precipitation years (drought, normal and wet years). The result showed that the wheat yield, FCR and PUE were significantly higher in nitrogen + phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen + phosphorus +potassium (NPK) treatments than in control (CK) and phosphorus (P) treatments when winter wheat was planted for 30 consecutive years. The wheat yield, FCR and PUE in NPK treatment were highest, with values of 3480 kg·hm
, 61.45 kg·kg
and 6.13 kg·mm
·hm
, respectively, and those in the wet years were higher than in drought and normal years. The stepwise regression analysis showed that wheat yield was mainly influenced by the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus input and precipitation during fallow period and wintering period. Accordingly, increasing nitrogen and phosphoru
Objective middot To design and synthesize a series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives, test their inhibitory activity to CDK2-cyclinA2 kinase, and investigate the structure-activity relationship. ...Methods middot Virtual screening was executed via computer-aided drug design according to the ATP binding site in CDK2-cyclinA2 protein crystal. A series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the interaction modes between the lead compound and the CDK2-cyclinA2. The biological evaluation of compounds was made through the CDK2-cyclinA2 in-vitro kinase activity detection system. Results middot Twenty-nine new benzenesulfonamide compounds were prepared, and their inhibitory activity to CDK2-cyclinA2 was elicited. WZ-026 had the highest inhibitory parameter, which half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) was 3.81 mumol/L. Conclusion middot By multipurpose utilization of virtual screening, chemical synthesis, and biological activity test, a benzenesulfonamide compou
In order to resolve the problem of poor permeability of sewage sludge compost (SSC) which was used as the substitution of peat, perlite was used to regulate the permeability of the sewage. The pure ...SSC was used as control. The proportions of perlite in the mixtures with SSC were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (V/V), respectively. The effects of different perlite ratios on the physical and chemical properties and the growth of Tagetes patula were studied. The bulk density, water holding porosity and water holding porosity to aeration porosity decreased, but the total porosity and aeration porosity increased with the increasing addition of perlite to the SSC. For the chemical properties, the pH increased, and the EC and nutrient contents decreased with the increasing addition of perlite to the SSC. The aboveground biomass and flowers of T. patula were the highest in the 60% perlite treatment, and the lowest in the pure SSC treatment. The root morphology and activity were the best in the 40%, 60% and 80% perlite tr
Friction happens everywhere. Abrasives generated in tribological process will result in secondary wear. Abrasive wear is a kind of rather common but harmful wear, which is the main reason for the ...damage of fifty-percent mechanical components by friction. Surface texturing is an effective method to improve the tribological and lubricating performance of tribo-pairs. In this paper, with different-size diamond particles added into the lubricant and a surface of the tribo-pairs textured by different parameters (diameter and depth) with femtosecond laser, the relationship between the surface texture and the abrasive wear was researched, and the influence of the texture on the abrasive wear was analyzed. The friction experiments were carried out on UMT3. The microstructures were tested and analyzed by SEM, microscope and White Light Interferometer respectively. The experimental results showed that the size of the surface texture, compared with that of abrasives, is the main factor which determines the friction coefficient. As the size of the surface texture is much bigger than that of the abrasives, the texture can accommodate the abrasives efficiently, and thus the friction coefficient is reduced efficiently.
Introduction： Hepatitis B virus （HBV） reactivation has been reported in B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B （hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg-negative and hepatitis B core antibody ...HBcAb-positive）. This study aimed to assess HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy compared with HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients to identify risk factors for HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence and to analyze whether HBV reactivation and hepatitis affect the survival of DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B, Methods： We reviewed the clinical data of 278 patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-containing therapy between January 2004 and May 2008 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China. Predictive factors for HBV reactivation, hepatitis development, and survival were examined by univariate analysis using the chi-square or Fisher＇s exact test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model. Results： Among the 278 patients, 165 were HBsAg-negative. Among these 165 patients, 6 （10.9%） of 55 HBcAb-positive （resolved HBV infection） patients experienced HBV reactivation compared with none （0%） of 110 HBcAb-negative patients （P = 0.001）. Patients with resolved hepatitis B had a higher hepatitis occurrence rate than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients （21.8% vs. ＆2%, P = 0.013）. HBcAb positivity and elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase （ALT） levels were independent risk factors for hepatitis. Among the 55 patients with resolved hepatitis B, patients with elevated baseline serum ALT or aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were more likely to develop hepatitis than those with normal serum ALT or AST levels （P = 0.037, P = 0.005, respectively）. An elevated baseline AST level was an independent risk factor for hepatitis in these patients. Six patients with HBV reactivation recovered after immediate antiviral therapy, and chemotherapy was continued. HBcAb positivity, HBV reactivation, or hepatitis did not negatively affect the survival of DLBCL patients. Conclusions： DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B may have a higher risk of developing HBV reactivation and hepatitis than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients. Close monitoring and prompt antiviral therapy are required in these patients.
Background： In patients with difuse large B-cell lymphoma（DLBCL）, central nervous system（CNS） relapse is uncom-mon but is nearly always fatal. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for CNS ...relapse in DLBCL patients and to evaluate the eicacy of rituximab and intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis for CNS relapse reduction.Methods： A total of 511 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2003 and December 2012 were included in the study. Among these patients, 376 received R-CHOP regimen（rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone） as primary treatment, and 135 received CHOP regimen（cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone） as primary treatment. Intrathe-cal chemotherapy prophylaxis（methotrexate plus cytarabine） was administered to those who were deemed at high risk for CNS relapse. In the entire cohort and in the R-CHOP set in particular, the Kaplan–Meier method coupled with the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Diferences were evaluated using a two-tailed test, and P 〈 0.05 was considered signiicant.Results： At a median follow-up of 46 months, 25（4.9%） patients experienced CNS relapse. There was a trend of reduced occurrence of CNS relapse in patients treated with rituximab; the 3-year cumulative CNS relapse rates were 7.1% in CHOP group and 2.7% in R-CHOP group（P = 0.045）. Intrathecal chemotherapy prophylaxis did not confer much beneit in terms of preventing CNS relapse. Bone involvement hazard ratio（HR） = 4.21, 95% conidence interval（CI） 1.38–12.77, renal involvement（HR = 3.85, 95% CI 1.05–14.19）, alkaline phosphatase（ALP） 〉110 U/L（HR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.25–10.34）, serum albumin（ALB） 〈35 g/L（HR = 3.63, 95% CI 1.25–10.51）, treatment with rituxi-mab（HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.96）, and a time to complete remission ≤ 108 days（HR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.78） were independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the entire cohort. Bone involvement（HR = 4.44, 95% CI 1.08–18.35）, bone marrow involvement（HR = 11.70, 95% CI 2.24–60.99）, and renal involvement（HR = 10.83, 95% CI 2.27–51.65） were independent risk factors for CNS relapse in the R-CHOP set.Conclusions： In the present study, rituximab decreased the CNS relapse rate of DLBCL, whereas intrathecal chemo-therapy prophylaxis alone was not suicient for preventing CNS relapse. Serum levels of ALB and ALP, and the time to complete remission were new independent predictive factors for CNS relapse in the patients with DLBCL. In the patients received R-CHOP regimen, a trend of increased CNS relapse was found to be associated with extranodal lesions.
Aerosol retrieval over land from satellite remotely sensed data remains internationally a difficult task. By using MODIS data, the Dark Dense Vegetation (DDV) algorithm aerosol distribution and ...properties retrieval over land has shown excellent competence. However, this algorithm is restricted to lower surface reflectance such as water bodies and dense vegetation, which limits its actual application, and is unable to be used for high reflective surface such as over urban areas. In this paper, we introduce a new aerosol retrieval model by exploiting the Synergy of TERRA and AQUA MODIS data (SYNTAM), which can be used for various ground surfaces, including for high reflective surface. Preliminary validations have been carried out by comparing with AERONET measured data, which shows good accuracy and promising potential. Further research work is undergoing.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective： The objective of this study was to reduce or avoid the occurrence of the cases of osteofascial compartment syndrome induced by a radial artery puncture for arterial blood gas analysis. ...Methods： We analyzed an adverse event using cheese model analysis, ＂fish bone＂ analysis, root cause analysis, and other methods. Results： There are three root causes leading to an adverse event： operation technique, assessment of the disease, and informing patient families. However, there are many reasons to promote the occurrence and development of the event. Conclusions： We should analyze and manage the adverse events in patients from the point of view of a system. Developing the measures of a system defense can enhance patient safety and create a good safety culture.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim： To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of 118, a novel derivative of mycophenolic acid, in a murine allogeneic skin graft model. Methods： Skin grafts were conducted by grafting ...BALB/c donor ta C57BL/6 donor tail skin into female C57BL/6 skin beds （syngraft） skin into C57BL/6 skin beds （allograft） or by grafting female The mice were treated with the derivative 118 （40 mg-kg-l.d-1, po） for 13 d （3 d before and 10 d after transplantation）. Skin grafts, splenocytes and graft-infiltrated lymphocytes were isolated and exam- ined ex vivo. The effects of the derivative 118 on naive CD4＋ T cell differentiation were examined in vitro. Results： Treatment with the derivative 118 dramatically increased the survival rate of murine allogeneic skin grafts. Flow cytometric analysis and H＆E staining showed that the derivative significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the grafts. The levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL7, and CCL2 were reduced in the derivative 118-treated grafts. Additionally, the derivative 118 significantly suppressed the IL-17 levels in the grafts but did not affect the differentiation of systemic helper T cells in the murine allo- geneic skin graft model. Furthermore, IL-23p19 expression was suppressed in the grafts from the derivative 118-treated group, which might be due to decreases in TLR4 and MyD88 expression. Finally, the derivative 118 did not exert direct influences on helper T cell differentiation in vitro. Conclusion： Treatment with the mycophenolic acid derivative 118 improves murine allogeneic skin grafts by decreasing IL-23 expres- sion and suppressing local IL-17 secretion in the grafts, rather than directly inhibiting Th17 differentiation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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