Writing assistance is an application closely related to human life and is also a fundamental Natural Language Processing (NLP) research field. Its aim is to improve the correctness and quality of ...input texts, with character checking being crucial in detecting and correcting wrong characters. From the perspective of the real world where handwriting occupies the vast majority, characters that humans get wrong include faked characters (i.e., untrue characters created due to writing errors) and misspelled characters (i.e., true characters used incorrectly due to spelling errors). However, existing datasets and related studies only focus on misspelled characters mainly caused by phonological or visual confusion, thereby ignoring faked characters which are more common and difficult. To break through this dilemma, we present Visual-C\(^3\), a human-annotated Visual Chinese Character Checking dataset with faked and misspelled Chinese characters. To the best of our knowledge, Visual-C\(^3\) is the first real-world visual and the largest human-crafted dataset for the Chinese character checking scenario. Additionally, we also propose and evaluate novel baseline methods on Visual-C\(^3\). Extensive empirical results and analyses show that Visual-C\(^3\) is high-quality yet challenging. The Visual-C\(^3\) dataset and the baseline methods will be publicly available to facilitate further research in the community.
To improve the real-time performance of a visual navigation vehicle for road sign recognition, we applied a visual recognition program based on the YOLO v3 algorithm on the navigation car to realize ...the real-time recognition for road signs and autonomous navigation of the vehicle. The running effect of the visual navigation car shows that the recognition program based on the YOLO v3 algorithm can meet the needs of real-time navigation and exhibits a high road sign recognition rate. In the training phase, the average recognition rate of the YOLO v3 algorithm for road sign recognition reached 93.5%. In the actual operation on the sand table, the average recognition rate for the road signs reached 99.5%.
Abstract
On 2022 July 13, NASA released to the whole world the data obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations (ERO). These are the first set of science-grade data ...from this long-awaited facility, marking the beginning of a new era in astronomy. In the study of the early universe, JWST will allow us to push far beyond
z
≈ 11, the redshift boundary previously imposed by the 1.7
μ
m red cutoff of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In contrast, JWST’s NIRCam reaches ∼5
μ
m. Among the JWST ERO targets there is a nearby galaxy cluster SMACS 0723-73, which is a massive cluster and has been long recognized as a potential “cosmic telescope” in amplifying background galaxies. The ERO six-band NIRCam observations on this target have covered an additional flanking field not boosted by gravitational lensing, which also sees far beyond HST. Here we report the result from our search of candidate objects at
z
> 11 using these ERO data. In total, there are 87 such objects identified by using the standard “dropout” technique. These objects are all detected in multiple bands and therefore cannot be spurious. For most of them, their multiband colors are inconsistent with known types of contaminants. If the detected dropout signature is interpreted as the expected Lyman break, it implies that these objects are at
z
≈ 11–20. The large number of such candidate objects at such high redshifts is not expected from the previously favored predictions and demands further investigations. JWST spectroscopy on such objects will be critical.
Abstract
Using the 0.9–4.4
μ
m imaging data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) early release observation in the SMACS J0723.3–7327 galaxy cluster field, we discuss the properties of three ...submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Array. These sources are magnified by 1.4–2.1 × due to gravitational lensing. This is the first time that submillimeter galaxy hosts are resolved in the rest-frame near-infrared (NIR). One source was previously undetected by Hubble Space Telescope, while the remaining two are disk galaxies with Sérsic indices of ∼0.9 and star formation rates on or just below the star formation “main sequence.” Their submillimeter emission originates from the inner parts of the hosts, suggesting that their dust contents are concentrated toward the center. The host half-light radii measured in the rest-frame NIR are ∼1.5 × smaller than those measured in the rest-frame optical, consistent with a concentrated dust distribution. The more severe extinction that optical light suffers toward the center makes it seemingly less concentrated. Therefore, we expect that the optically based determination of the stellar mass distribution within host galaxies could still be severely biased by dust. Interestingly, these two disk galaxies are dramatically different in their outer regions, with one being star forming and the other being quiescent. Upcoming JWST observations of statistically significant samples of SMGs will allow us to understand the correlation between the dusty star-forming regions and their hosts.
Two novel isomeric cocrystals based on CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) and MDNI (1-methyl-dinitroimidazole) isomers including a 1:1 CL-20/2,4-MDNI (1) and a 1:1 CL-20/4,5-MDNI (2) ...were obtained. These cocrystals have high densities, high predicted detonation properties, and low impact sensitivities with excellent thermal stabilities, for example, 2 (ρ: 1.882 g cm–3; D: 8915 m s–1, P: 35.88 GPa; IS: 11 J) exhibits excellent comprehensive performances. Notably, adopting the isomer as a coformer for constructing energetic cocrystals or even new cocrystal forms and further tuning properties represents a study orientation of explosives that is not yet exploited in the energetic material field.
Full text
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Four ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) observed with JWST/NIRcam in the Cosmos Evolution Early Release Science program offer an unbiased preview of the
z
∼ 2 ULIRG population. The ...objects were originally selected at 24
μ
m and have strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission features observed with Spitzer/Infrared Spectrometer. The four objects have similar stellar masses of ∼10
11
M
⊙
but otherwise are quite diverse. One is an isolated disk galaxy, but it has an active nucleus as shown by X-ray observations and by a bright point-source nucleus. Two others are merging pairs with mass ratios of 6–7:1. One has active nuclei in both components, while the other has only one active nucleus: the one in the less-massive neighbor, not the ULIRG. The fourth object is clumpy and irregular and is probably a merger, but there is no sign of an active nucleus. The intrinsic spectral energy distributions for the four active galactic nuclei in these systems are typical of type-2 QSOs. This study is consistent with the idea that even if internal processes can produce large luminosities at
z
∼ 2, galaxy merging may still be necessary for the most luminous objects. The diversity of these four initial examples suggests that large samples will be needed to understand the
z
∼ 2 ULIRG population.
We present the results of our systematic search for the reddest far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter (sub-mm) galaxies using the data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) and ...the SCUBA2 Cosmological Legacy Survey (S2CLS). The red FIR galaxies are "500 m risers," whose spectral energy distributions increase with wavelength across the three FIR passbands of the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) of Herschel. Within 106.5 deg2 of the HerMES fields, we have selected 629 500 m risers. The red sub-mm galaxies are "SPIRE drop-outs," which are prominent detections in the S2CLS 850 m data but are extremely weak or invisible in the SPIRE bands. Within the 2.98 deg2 common area of HerMES and S2CLS, we have selected 95 such objects. These very red sources could be dusty starbursts at high redshifts (z 4-6) because the peak of their cold-dust emission heated by star formation is shifted to the reddest FIR/sub-mm bands. The surface density of 500 m risers is ∼8.2 deg−2 at the ≥20 mJy level in 500 m, while that of SPIRE drop-outs is ∼19.3 deg−2 at the ≥5 mJy level in 850 m. Both types of objects could span a wide range of redshifts, however. Using deep radio data in these fields to further select the ones likely at the highest redshifts, we find that the surface density of z > 6 candidates is 5.5 deg−2 among 500 m risers and is 0.8-13.6 deg−2 among SPIRE drop-outs. If this is correct, the dust-embedded star formation processes in such objects could contribute comparably as Lyman-break galaxies to the global SFR density at z > 6.
A paradigm shift from preventive therapy to aggressive plaque regression and eventual eradication is much needed to address increasing atherosclerotic burden and risks. Herein, we report a ...biologically inspired dual-targeting multifunctional recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL)-mimicking core-shell nanoplatform. It is composed of an ATP-responsive ternary polyplexes core for SR-A siRNA and catalase complexation, and a phosphatidylserine-modified rHDL-based outer shell for SR-BI and CD36 targeting, in which pitavastatin is packaged. We demonstrated that dual-targeting biomimetic core-shell nanoparticles dynamically enhanced macrophage CD36 targeting in the plaques by establishing a positive feedback loop via the reciprocal regulation of SR-A and CD36. Positive feedback-enabled accumulation of the nanoparticles in the atherosclerotic plaques increased by 3.3-fold following 4-week repeated administration. A 3-month dosage regimen of the dual-targeting rHDL-mimicking nanoparticles reduced plaque areas by 65.8%, and decreased macrophages by 57.3%. Collectively, this work shows that dynamically enhancing plaque targeting via a positive feedback loop and dual action of cholesterol deposition inhibition and efflux enhancement accomplished with our novel multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticles provides a new way to regress plaques and alleviate the atherosclerotic burden.
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•ApoA-I/PS-NP2S/P/C dynamically enhanced plaque targeting via positive feedback loop.•3-month dosage regimen of apoA-I/PS-NP2S/P/C achieved a plaque reduction of 65.8%.•Catalase triggered ROS elimination, ATP generation, and accelerated siRNA release.
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Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
We report the results of James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam observations of 19 (sub)millimeter sources detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The accurate ALMA positions ...allowed unambiguous identifications of their NIRCam counterparts. Taking gravitational lensing into account, these represent 16 distinct galaxies in three fields and constitute the largest sample of its kind to date. The counterparts’ spectral energy distributions cover from rest-frame ultraviolet to near-IR and provide photometric redshifts (1 <
z
< 4.5) and stellar masses (
M
*
> 10
10.5
M
⊙
), which are similar to submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) studied previously. However, our sample is fainter in (sub)millimeter than the classic SMG samples are, and our sources exhibit a wider range of properties. They have dust-embedded star formation rates as low as 10
M
⊙
yr
−1
, and the sources populate both the star-forming main sequence and the quiescent categories. The deep NIRCam data allow us to study the rest-frame near-IR morphologies. Excluding two multiply imaged systems and one quasar, the majority of the remaining sources are disk-like and show either little or no disturbance. This suggests that secular growth is a potential route for the assembly of high-mass disk galaxies. While a few objects have large disks, the majority have small disks (median half-mass radius of 1.6 kpc). At this time, it is unclear whether this is due to the prevalence of small disks at these redshifts or some unknown selection effects of deep ALMA observations. A larger sample of ALMA sources with NIRCam observations will be able to address this question.
Abstract
Using the first epoch of four-band NIRCam observations obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science Program in the Spitzer ...IRAC Dark Field, we search for F150W and F200W dropouts. In 14.2 arcmin
2
, we have found eight F150W dropouts and eight F200W dropouts, all brighter than 27.5 mag (the brightest being ∼24 mag) in the band to the red side of the break. As they are detected in multiple bands, these must be real objects. Their nature, however, is unclear, and characterizing their properties is important for realizing the full potential of JWST. If the observed color decrements are due to the Lyman break, these objects should be at
z
≳ 11.7 and
z
≳ 15.4, respectively. The color diagnostics show that at least four F150W dropouts are far away from the usual contaminators encountered in dropout searches (red galaxies at much lower redshifts or brown dwarf stars). While the diagnostics of the F200W dropouts are less certain due to the limited number of passbands, at least one of them is likely not a known type of contaminant, and the rest are consistent with either high-redshift galaxies with evolved stellar populations or old galaxies at
z
≈ 3–8. If a significant fraction of our dropouts are indeed at
z
≳ 12, we have to face the severe problem of explaining their high luminosities and number densities. Spectroscopic identifications of such objects are urgently needed.
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