Traditional process monitoring methods take all the measured variables into account, whereas it will be inappropriate for indicating quality-relevant faults. Some measured variables are independent ...from the quality variables and these redundancy variables will no doubt degrade the prediction performance of quality variables. This paper proposes a novel quality relevant and independent two block monitoring scheme based on mutual information (MI) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). First, all the process variables are divided into two subblocks according to their MI value with quality variables. Then, KPCA monitors the quality-relevant subblock and quality-independent subblock, respectively. When a fault is detected, kernel principal component regression is further utilized to obtain the predicted state of quality variables. Either of the information, whether the current fault disturbs quality-relevant variables or process quality, is necessary and important for engineers. The benefits of MI-KPCA are illustrated through a numerical simulation and the Tennessee Eastman process, and the results reveal the superiority of the proposal compared with some other monitoring methods.
Common mental health problems (CMHPs), such as depression, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are internalizing disorders with high ...comorbidity. University and college students are under many stressors and transitional events, and students fall within the age range when CMHPs are at their developmental peak. Compared to the expanded effort to explore and treat CMHPs, there has been no a meta-analysis that comprehensively reviewed the interventions for CMHPs and examined the effects of interventions for CMHPs in college students. The objective of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining interventions for CMHPs among university and college students and to estimate their post-intervention effect size (ES), as well as follow-up ES, for depression, anxiety disorder, OCD and PTSD separately. Meta-analytic procedures were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We reviewed 7768 abstracts from which 331 full-text articles were reviewed and 51 RCTs were included in the analysis. We found moderate effect sizes for both depression (Hedges' g = −0.60) and anxiety disorder (Hedges' g = −0.48). There was no evidence that existing interventions for OCD or PTSD were effective in this population. For interventions with high number of papers, we performed subgroup analysis and found that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions were effective for both depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and attention/perception modification was effective for GAD; other interventions (i.e. art, exercise and peer support) had the highest ES for both depression and GAD among university and college students.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Display omitted
Deep-lacustrine systems are considerably less studied than their marine counterparts, mostly due to the low number of large and continuous outcrops worldwide. This study details ...outcrops and cores from Chang 7, Ordos Basin, China, which are composed dominantly of fine-grained deposits interbedded with amalgamated sandstones. Thick sandstone deposits, previously described as massive sandstones and interpreted as sandy debrites, are here re-interpreted as amalgamated sandstones, deposited by high-density turbidity currents associated with deep-lacustrine slope channels. Two outcrops composed of these deposits, which form intervals ranging from 6 to 20 m thick, laterally ranging from 600 to 1200 m, preserving evidence of sediment bypass such as erosional features and abundant trough cross-bedding, have been interpreted as lacustrine slope channels.
Deposits composed dominantly of interbedded thin-bedded normal-graded sandstone and mudstone, with common occurrences of ripple cross-lamination (>70 % of the beds), interbedded with sporadic amalgamated medium-bedded sandstones have been interpreted as levee deposits. These deposits outcrop laterally to slope channel deposits, supporting the interpretation they are genetically and architecturally related. Similar deposits are also described in core, overlying channelised sand-prone deposits. Interbedded thin- to medium-bedded normal-graded sandstones and mudstones, which are not associated with a confining surface (non-channelised), nor an adjacent slope channel, have been interpreted as terminal splays.
The re-interpretation of the sandstone-prone deposits of the Yanchang Formation as slope channel-levees to terminal splays provides a different approach to lateral and temporal distribution of architectural elements in intracratonic lacustrine basins, and therefore hydrocarbon exploration and production.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and cause substantive morbidities and loss of functioning among employees. Depression may be prevented at its early stages. However, there is a paucity of ...information regarding indicated preventive interventions for depression among employees. The objective of this review is to examine the effectiveness of indicated interventions for the reduction of depressive symptoms in the workplace.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 2000 and September 2017 was conducted using major electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SOCINDEX, and ABI/ProQuest. Studies were selected based on a set of predefined inclusion criteria. Primary outcome measures were depressive symptomatology, and the interventions were preventive in nature. Studies were pooled based on the intervention type and the effect size was measured using the standardized mean difference.
A computer and hand search of the literature yielded 4,462 papers, from which 16 trials were identified to be suitable for meta-analysis. Eight of 16 studies reported significant effects for workplace preventive interventions targeting depressive symptoms in which six were cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)–based interventions and two were non–CBT-based interventions. Small to medium effect sizes were found for both CBT- and non–CBT-based interventions (standardized mean difference= –0.44, 95% CI= –0.61, –0.26, I2=62.1% and standardized mean difference= –0.32, 95% CI= –0.59, –0.06, I2=58%, respectively).
This review demonstrates that indicated interventions can significantly reduce the level of depressive symptoms among workers. The implementation of evidence-based workplace interventions should consequently be considered to prevent the development of depressive symptoms among employees.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Membrane technology has attracted considerable attention for chemical and medical applications, among others. Artificial organs play important roles in medical science. A membrane oxygenator, also ...known as artificial lung, can replenish O
and remove CO
of blood to maintain the metabolism of patients with cardiopulmonary failure. However, the membrane, a key component, is subjected to inferior gas transport property, leakage propensity, and insufficient hemocompatibility. In this study, we report efficient blood oxygenation by using an asymmetric nanoporous membrane that is fabricated using the classic nonsolvent-induced phase separation method for polymer of intrinsic microporosity-1. The intrinsic superhydrophobic nanopores and asymmetric configuration endow the membrane with water impermeability and gas ultrapermeability, up to 3,500 and 1,100 gas permeation units for CO
and O
, respectively. Moreover, the rational hydrophobic-hydrophilic nature, electronegativity, and smoothness of the surface enable the substantially restricted protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and activation, hemolysis, and thrombosis for the membrane. Importantly, during blood oxygenation, the asymmetric nanoporous membrane shows no thrombus formation and plasma leakage and exhibits fast O
and CO
transport processes with exchange rates of 20 to 60 and 100 to 350 ml m
min
, respectively, which are 2 to 6 times higher than those of conventional membranes. The concepts reported here offer an alternative route to fabricate high-performance membranes and expand the possibilities of nanoporous materials for membrane-based artificial organs.
Abstract
Monitoring and analysis of anesthesia depth status data refers to evaluating the anesthesia depth status of patients during the surgical process by monitoring their physiological index data, ...and conducting analysis and judgment. The depth of anesthesia is crucial for the safety and success of the surgical process. By monitoring the state of anesthesia depth, abnormal conditions of patients can be detected in a timely manner and corresponding measures can be taken to prevent accidents from occurring. Traditional anesthesia monitoring methods currently include computer tomography, electrocardiogram, respiratory monitoring, etc. In this regard, traditional physiological indicator monitoring methods have certain limitations and cannot directly reflect the patient’s neural activity status. The monitoring and analysis methods based on neuroscience can obtain more information from the level of brain neural activity. Purpose: In this article, the monitoring and analysis of anesthesia depth status data would be studied through neuroscience. Methods: Through a controlled experiment, the monitoring accuracy of traditional anesthesia status monitoring algorithm and neuroscience-based anesthesia status monitoring algorithm was studied, and the information entropy and oxygen saturation of electroencephalogram signals in patients with different anesthesia depth were explored. Results: The experiment proved that the average monitoring accuracy of the traditional anesthesia state monitoring algorithm in patients’ blood drug concentration and oxygen saturation reached 95.55 and 95.00%, respectively. In contrast, the anesthesia state monitoring algorithm based on neuroscience performs better, with the average monitoring accuracy of drug concentration and oxygen saturation reaching 98.00 and 97.09%, respectively. This experimental result fully proved that the monitoring performance of anesthesia state monitoring algorithms based on neuroscience is better. Conclusion: The experiment proved the powerful monitoring ability of the anesthesia state monitoring algorithm based on neuroscience used in this article, and explained the changing trend of brain nerve signals and oxygen saturation of patients with different anesthesia depth states, which provided a new research method for the monitoring and analysis technology of anesthesia depth state data.
Based on field outcrop investigation, interpretation and analysis of drilling and seismic data, and consulting on a large number of previous research results, the characteristics of ancient marine ...hydrocarbon source rocks, favorable reservoir facies belts, hydrocarbon migration direction and reservoir-forming law in the Ordos Basin have been studied from the viewpoints of North China Craton breakup and Qilian-Qinling oceanic basin opening and closing. Four main results are obtained: (1) Controlled by deep-water shelf-rift, there are three suites of source rocks in the Ordos Basin and its periphery: Mesoproterozoic, Lower Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician. (2) Controlled by littoral environment, paleo-uplift and platform margin, four types of reservoirs are developed in the area: Mesoproterozoic– Lower Cambrian littoral shallow sea quartz sandstone, Middle-Upper Cambrian–Ordovician weathering crust and dolomitized reservoir, and Ordovician L-shape platform margin reef and beach bodies. (3) Reservoir-forming assemblages vary greatly in the study area, with “upper generation and lower storage” as the main pattern in the platform, followed by “self-generation and self-storage”. There are both “upper generation and lower storage” and “self-generation and self-storage” in the platform margin zone. In addition, in the case of communication between deep-large faults and the Changchengian system paleo-rift trough, there may also exist a “lower generation and upper reservoir” combination between the platform and the margin. (4) There are four new exploration fields including Qingyang paleo-uplift pre-Carboniferous weathering crust, L-shape platform margin zone in southwestern margin of the basin, Ordovician subsalt assemblage in central and eastern parts of the basin, and Mesoproterozoic–Cambrian. Among them, pre-Carboniferous weathering crust and L-shape platform margin facies zone are more realistic replacement areas, and Ordovician subsalt assemblage and the Proterozoic-Cambrian have certain potential and are worth exploring.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Subaqueous sandy mass-transport deposits (SMTDs), which are a type of sedimentary deposit formed in deep water environments, have attracted increased attention in recent years. Based on the analysis ...of outcrops, cores and thin sections using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, numerous sandy mass-transport deposits or sandy debrites have been identified in the delta-front and deep lake environments recorded by the Chang 6-7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin; thus, a mass-transport model has been established in this paper. These sandy mass-transport deposits are characterized by two distinct features: first, sandstones are characterized by a low matrix content and are defined as massive clean sands; second, massive sandstones are characterized by the widespread development of a rimed chlorite cement with a two-layer structure, which is identical to that present in distributary channel sands of the delta-front environment of the Yanchang Formation. The occurrence of and components of clay minerals indicates that the isopachous rimed cements in the inner layer are related to the original sedimentary environment. Rimed chlorite cements are formed from isopachous clay films that originally adhered to the surfaces of the detrital particles and represent syn-depositional products. Further studies suggest that during the process of retransporting delta-front sediments and forming the sandy debris flows, this material, which was adhered to the surfaces of clastic particles as isopachous clay coatings, together with the small amount of clay-water matrix present in the flow, acted as an “adhesive agent” between particles during the subsequent remobilization of the deposits and the formation of sandy debris flows. The adhesion strength and local matrix support strength created by the clay-water matrix (gels), together with the frictional strength of the sediments, provided support strength for the subaqueous mass transport of the Yanchang Formation. The adhesion formed by the isopachous clay rim or the clay-water matrix is especially dominant and is considered to be the root cause holding the sandy debris flows together during their mass transport. This research may have global implications for better understanding analogous subaqueous mass-transport processes and the distribution of sandstone reservoirs in other locations.
•Numerous sandy mass-transport deposits or sandy debrites are identified in the Ordos lacustrine basin.•The isopachous clay coatings are widely present on the clean sand grains in sandy debrites.•These clay coatings dictated the transport and deposition processes of the sand as it was remobilized down slope from a deltaic setting to a deep-water lake setting.•The clay coatings acted as an adhesive agent that was directly responsible for the type of sandy mass-transport deposit emplaced.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In order to clarify the hydrocarbon accumulation significance and exploration prospect of the unconformity caused by the Huaiyuan movement in the Ordos Basin, this paper studies the spatial ...distribution and structural plane characteristics of this unconformity and its relationships with hydrocarbon accumulation by observing field outcrops and cores and analyzing logging data, based on the previous research results and the interpretation results of 2D and new 3D seismic data. And the following research results are obtained. First, the unconformity was mainly formed in the Floian Age of Early Ordovician and widely occurs at the bottom of the Jiawang Formation and the top of the Sanshanzi Formation and the related tectonism lasts 30 Myr. Second, basal conglomerate and sandstone less than 1 m in thickness are developed above the unconformity at the edge of the basin, while thin mudstone, argillaceous dolomite (limestone) and marl are developed above the unconformity in the central part of the basin. Third, the unconformity structurally consists of three layers, including a basal conglomerate layer, a paleosoil layer and a fully–semi weathered carbonate layer from top to bottom, among which, the last one is 20–90 m in thickness with developed dissolution fractures and pores to form a quality reservoir. Fourth, the unconformity results in the development of a series of large valleys landforms, which incise the Lower Ordovician–Upper Cambrian. Fifth, the unconformity can act as a good channel for hydrocarbon migration, and it connects with the unconformity caused by the Caledonian movement within the paleo-uplift of the Ordos Basin, which is favorable for the the hydrocarbon of different sources in the west side of the basin eastwards to migrate, accumulate and form a gas reservoir. In conclusion, the deep Lower Paleozoic related to the Huaiyuan unconformity is expected to be an important natural gas exploration field in the Ordos Basin.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present study, three CBM blocks in the central and southern Qinshui Basin, China, including Fanzhuang, Zhengzhuang, and Changzhi blocks, were selected. Combined with the data, such as the ...physical properties of coal reservoirs, logging, hydrofracture operation, injection/drawdown well testing, microseismic fracture monitoring technology, and over 2000 days gas production rate, the key factors affecting the gas production rate of CBM wells were analyzed comprehensively and systematically. Unimodal and bimodal models can be identified according to the long-term gas production rate data. The unimodal model corresponds to a declining pump pressure curve, meaning that caprock integrity is destroyed during hydrofracture operations, commonly causing poor gas production performance. The bimodal model is associated with fluctuating-rising and stable pump pressure curves, indicating good hydrofracture consequences. On the premise of the relatively high gas content, the gas saturation/critical-reservoir pressure ratio, permeability, and coal deformation are the major geological factors that affect the long-term gas production performance of CBM wells. Engineering factors, including pollution by the drilling fluid and cement paste, the type of the fracturing fluid, tonstein intercalation, coal deformation, and in situ stress, affect gas production performances via the following four mechanisms: the effect of hydrofracture operations on caprock integrity, the effect of fluids pumped on the pore-fracture system, the initiation and propagation of artificially induced fractures, and the performances of proppants pumped. This work can provide guidelines for the optimization and development of high-rank CBM blocks.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
