Summary The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved detection and prediction methods that are essential prior to treatment. Esophageal cancer is one ...of the most fatal malignancies worldwide, with a dramatic increase in incidence in the Western world occurring over the past few decades. Despite improvements in the management and treatment of esophageal cancer patients, the general outcome remains very poor for overall 5-year survival rates (∼10%) and 5-year postesophagectomy survival rates (∼15–40%). Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed during its advanced stages, the main reason being the lack of early clinical symptoms. In an attempt to improve the outcome of patients after surgery, such patients are often treated with neoadjuvent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in order to decrease tumor size. However, CCRT may enhance toxicity levels and possibly cause a delay in surgery for patients who respond poorly to CCRT. Thus, precise biomarkers that could predict or identify patients who may or may not respond well to CCRT can assist physicians in choosing the appropriate therapy for patients. Identifying susceptible gene and biomarkers can help in predicting the treatment response of patients while improving their survival rates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are next generation energy storage devices with high energy density, but face challenges in achieving high energy density, high safety, and long cycle life. Here, ...lithium metal batteries in a novel nonflammable ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolyte composed of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMIm) cations and high‐concentration bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions, with sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) as a key additive are reported. The Na ion participates in the formation of hybrid passivation interphases and contributes to dendrite‐free Li deposition and reversible cathode electrochemistry. The electrolyte of low viscosity allows practically useful cathode mass loading up to ≈16 mg cm−2. Li anodes paired with lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, NCM 811) cathodes exhibit 99.6–99.9% Coulombic efficiencies, high discharge voltages up to 4.4 V, high specific capacity and energy density up to ≈199 mAh g−1 and ≈765 Wh kg−1 respectively, with impressive cycling performances over up to 1200 cycles. Highly stable passivation interphases formed on both electrodes in the novel IL electrolyte are the key to highly reversible lithium metal batteries, especially for Li–NMC 811 full batteries.
A nonflammable ionic‐liquid electrolyte is developed for high‐safety and high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries, allowing practically useful cathode mass loading up to 16 mg cm−2, realizing high specific capacity and energy density (199 mAh g−1 and 765 Wh kg−1) with impressive cycling performances. The robust passivation interphases formed on both electrodes are key to realizing impressive battery performances.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Efficient and low-cost transition metal single-atom catalysts (TMSACs) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have been recognized as research hotspots recently with advances in delivering good ...catalytic activity without noble metals. However, the high-cost complex preparation of TMSACs and insufficient stability limited their practical applications. Herein, a simple top-down pyrolysis approach to obtain P-modified Co SACs loaded on the crosslinked defect-rich carbon nanosheets was introduced for alkaline hydrogen evolution, where Co atoms are locally confined before pyrolysis to prevent aggregation. Thereby, the abundant defects and the unsaturated coordination formed during the pyrolysis significantly improved the stability of the monatomic structure and reduced the reaction barrier. Furthermore, the synergy between cobalt atoms and phosphorus atoms was established to optimize the decomposition process of water molecules, which delivers the key to promoting the slow reaction kinetics of alkaline HER. As the result, the cobalt SAC exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability for alkaline HER, with overpotentials of 70 mV and 192 mV at current densities of −10 mA cm
−2
and −100 mA cm
−2
, respectively.
A phosphorus-modified cobalt single atom catalyst supported on crosslinked carbon nanosheets was developed, which showed a superb catalytic activity for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.
We report a facile approach to prepare an artificial enzyme system for tandem catalysis. NiPd hollow nanoparticles and glucose oxidase (GOx) were simultaneously immobilized on the zeolitic ...imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8) via a co‐precipitation method. The as‐prepared GOx@ZIF‐8(NiPd) nanoflower not only exhibited the peroxidase‐like activity of NiPd hollow nanoparticles but also maintained the enzymatic activity of GOx. A colorimetric sensor for rapid detection of glucose was realized through the GOx@ZIF‐8(NiPd) based multi‐enzyme system. Moreover, the GOx@ZIF‐8(NiPd) modified electrode showed good bioactivity of GOx and high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which could also be used for electrochemical detection of glucose.
Flower power: NiPd hollow nanoparticles and glucose oxidase (GOx) were simultaneously immobilized on a ZIF‐8 metal–organic framework via a co‐precipitation method. The resulting artificial enzyme system maintains the GOx activity and also has oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) reactivity, building a bridge between nanozymes and natural enzymes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Scaling up to a large number of qubits with high-precision control is essential in the demonstrations of quantum computational advantage to exponentially outpace the classical hardware and ...algorithmic improvements. Here, we develop a two-dimensional programmable superconducting quantum processor, Zuchongzhi, which is composed of 66 functional qubits in a tunable coupling architecture. To characterize the performance of the whole system, we perform random quantum circuits sampling for benchmarking, up to a system size of 56 qubits and 20 cycles. The computational cost of the classical simulation of this task is estimated to be 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the previous work on 53-qubit Sycamore processor Nature 574, 505 (2019). We estimate that the sampling task finished by Zuchongzhi in about 1.2 h will take the most powerful supercomputer at least 8 yr. Our work establishes an unambiguous quantum computational advantage that is infeasible for classical computation in a reasonable amount of time. The high-precision and programmable quantum computing platform opens a new door to explore novel many-body phenomena and implement complex quantum algorithms.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Porous materials that can undergo pore‐structure adjustment to better accommodate specific molecules are ideal for separation and purification. Here, we report a stable microporous metal‐organic ...framework, JNU‐1, featuring one‐dimensional diamond‐shaped channels with a high density of open metal sites arranged on the surface for the cooperative binding of acetylene. Together with its framework flexibility and appropriate pore geometry, JNU‐1 exhibits an induced‐fit behavior for acetylene. The specific binding sites and continuous framework adaptation upon increased acetylene pressure are validated by molecular modeling and in situ X‐ray diffraction study. This unique induced‐fit behavior endows JNU‐1 with an unprecedented increase in the acetylene binding affinity (adsorption enthalpy: up to 47.6 kJ mol−1 at ca. 2.0 mmol g−1 loading).
Tailored pores: A flexible microporous metal‐organic framework (MOF) physisorbent, JNU‐1, exhibits an induced‐fit behavior for acetylene. This unique behavior endows JNU‐1 with an unprecedented increase in the acetylene binding affinity (adsorption enthalpy: up to 47.6 kJ mol−1 at ca. 2.0 mmol g−1 loading), which enables a remarkable selectivity towards acetylene over other gas molecules including carbon dioxide.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Supercapacitors are known as promising excellent electrochemical energy storage devices because of their attractive features, including quick charge and discharge, high power density, low cost and ...high security. In this work, a series of litchi-like Ni-Co selenide particles were synthesized
via
a simple solvothermal method, and the Ni-Co compositions were carefully optimized to tune the charge storage performance, charge storage kinetics, and conductivity for battery-like supercapacitors. Interestingly, the optimal sample Ni
0.95
Co
2.05
Se
4
exhibits a high capacity of 1038.75 F g
−1
at 1 A g
−1
and superior rate performance (retains 97.8% of the original capacity at 4 A g
−1
). Moreover, an asymmetric supercapacitor device was assembled based on the Ni
0.95
Co
2.05
Se
4
cathode and activated carbon anode. The device of Ni
0.95
Co
2.05
Se
4
//active carbon (AC) reveals a peak energy density of 37.22 W h kg
−1
, and the corresponding peak power density reaches 800.90 W kg
−1
. This work provides a facile and effective way to synthesize transition metal selenides as high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.
The litchi-like Ni-Co selenide constructed Ni
0.95
Co
2.05
Se
4
//AC hybrid supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 37.22 W h kg
−1
and a power density of 800.90 W kg
−1
. The ASC device can retain 95.21% of the original capacity after 4000 cycles.
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Defects modulation usually has great influence on the electronic structures and activities of photocatalysts. Here, porous structured graphitic carbon nitride materials with large amount of defects ...are obtained through facile 5min thermal treatment in air without additional reactants. The resultant materials show remarkably extended light absorption in the visible light region. Theoretical calculations indicate that the distinctive origin of red-shifted intrinsic light absorption edge and newly occurred light absorption edge are attributed to cyano groups and nitrogen vacancies, respectively. Compared to pristine graphitic carbon nitride, the optimally modified material shows greatly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate by 21.5 times under λ > 440nm and the responsive wavelength is extended from 450nm to 650nm. This work is expected to provide guidance for rational design of graphitic carbon nitride and inspire similar attempts for the modification of nanomaterials.
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•A 5 min thermal treatment method is developed to modify graphitic carbon nitride.•Greatly extended visible light absorption is realized through defects introduction.•Distinctive defects have different influence on visible light modifications.•The modified materials show highly increased visible light activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Despite the fact that both electrochemical experiments and density functional theory calculations have testified to the superior electrocatalytic activity and CO-poisoning tolerance of ...platinum–ruthenium (PtRu) alloy nanoparticles toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), the facet-dependent electrocatalytic properties of PtRu nanoparticles are scarcely revealed because it is extremely difficult to synthesize well-defined facets-enclosed PtRu nanocrystals. Herein, we for the first time report a general synthesis of ultrathin PtRu nanocrystals with tunable morphologies (nanowires, nanorods, and nanocubes) through a one-step solvothermal approach and a systematic investigation of the structure-directing effects of different surfactants and the formation mechanism by control experiments and time-dependent studies. In addition, we utilize these {100} and {111} facets-enclosed PtRu nanocrystals as model catalysts to evaluate the electrocatalytic characteristics of the MOR on different facets. Remarkably, {111}-terminated PtRu nanowires exhibit much higher stability and electrocatalytic mass activity toward MOR, which are 2.28 and 4.32 times higher than those of {100}-terminated PtRu nanocubes and commercial Pt/C, respectively, indicating that PtRu {111} facets possess superior methanol oxidation activity and CO-poisoning resistance relative to {100} facets. Our present work provides a series of well-defined PtRu nanocrystals with tunable facets which would be ideal model electrocatalysts for fundamental research in fuel cell electrocatalysis.
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