Silver chalcogenolate cluster assembled materials (SCAMs) are a category of promising light‐emitting materials the luminescence of which can be modulated by variation of their building blocks ...(cluster nodes and organic linkers). The transformation of a singly emissive Ag12(SBut)8(CF3COO)4(bpy)4n (Ag12bpy, bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine) into a dual‐emissive (Ag12(SBut)6(CF3COO)6(bpy)3)n (Ag12bpy‐2) via cluster‐node isomerization, the critical importance of which was highlighted in dictating the photoluminescence properties of SCAMs. Moreover, the newly obtained Ag12bpy‐2 served to construct visual thermochromic Ag12bpy‐2/NH2 by a mixed‐linker synthesis, together with dichromatic core–shell Ag12bpy‐2@Ag12bpy‐NH2‐2 via solvent‐assisted linker exchange. This work provides insight into the significance of metal arrangement on physical properties of nanoclusters.
Tandem varying of Ag cluster structure and tuning mixed linkers in a stepwise fashion are used to achieve dual‐emitting homogeneous and core–shell silver chalcogenolate cluster assembled materials. The arrangements of silver in the cluster are demonstrated to play a fundamentally important role in luminescence.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane‐bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. TGR5 also displays strong attenuation of macrophage ...reactivity in vitro, but the physiological roles of TGR5 in inflammatory response, and its mechanism, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TGR5 is a negative modulator of nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB)‐mediated inflammation. TGR5 activation suppresses the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα), the translocation of p65, NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity, and its transcription activity. Furthermore, TGR5 activation enhances the interaction of IκBα and β‐arrestin2. Suppression of NF‐κB transcription activity and its target gene expression by TGR5 agonist are specifically abolished by the expression of anti‐β‐arrestin2 small interfering RNA. These results show that TGR5 suppresses the NF‐κB pathway by mediation of the interaction between IκBα and β‐arrestin2. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation model, TGR5−/− mice show more severe liver necroses and inflammation, compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Activation of TGR5 by its agonist ligand inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF‐κB activation induced by LPS in WT, but not TGR5−/−, mouse liver. Conclusion: These findings identify TGR5 as a negative mediator of inflammation that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for immune and inflammatory liver diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Critical patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even those whose nucleic acid test results had turned negative and those receiving maximal medical support, have been noted to progress ...to irreversible fatal respiratory failure. Lung transplantation (LT) as the sole therapy for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis related to acute respiratory distress syndrome has been considered as the ultimate rescue therapy for these patients.
From February 10 to March 10, 2020, three male patients were urgently assessed and listed for transplantation. After conducting a full ethical review and after obtaining assent from the family of the patients, we performed three LT procedures for COVID-19 patients with illness durations of more than one month and extremely high sequential organ failure assessment scores.
Two of the three recipients survived post-LT and started participating in a rehabilitation program. Pearls of the LT team collaboration and perioperative logistics were summarized and continually improved. The pathological results of the explanted lungs were concordant with the critical clinical manifestation, and provided insight towards better understanding of the disease. Government health affair systems, virology detection tools, and modern communication technology all play key roles towards the survival of the patients and their rehabilitation.
LT can be performed in end-stage patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis. If confirmed positive-turned-negative virology status without organ dysfunction that could contraindicate LT, LT provided the final option for these patients to avoid certain death, with proper protection of transplant surgeons and medical staffs. By ensuring instant seamless care for both patients and medical teams, the goal of reducing the mortality rate and salvaging the lives of patients with COVID-19 can be attained.
Inspired by the cubic Mn4CaO5 cluster of natural oxygen‐evolving complex in Photosystem II, tetrametallic molecular water oxidation catalysts, especially M4O4 cubane‐like clusters (M=transition ...metals), have aroused great interest in developing highly active and robust catalysts for water oxidation. Among these M4O4 clusters, however, copper‐based molecular catalysts are poorly understood. Now, bio‐inspired Cu4O4 cubanes are presented as effective molecular catalysts for electrocatalytic water oxidation in aqueous solution (pH 12). The exceptional catalytic activity is manifested with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 267 s−1 for (LGly‐Cu)4 at 1.70 V and 105 s−1 for (LGlu‐Cu)4 at 1.56 V. Electrochemical and spectroscopic study revealed a successive two‐electron transfer process in the Cu4O4 cubanes to form high‐valent CuIII and CuIIIO. intermediates during the catalysis.
Cu4O4 cubanes show exceptional activity for electrocatalytic water oxidation in aqueous solution, with a turnover frequency of 267 s−1 for (LGly‐Cu)4 at 1.70 V and 105 s−1 for (LGlu‐Cu)4 at 1.56 V, respectively. The unique cuboidal structure and high catalytic performance is reminiscent of the natural Mn4CaO5 clusters in PS II.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
With some indoles and azaindoles being successfully developed as anticancer drugs, the design and synthesis of indole and azaindole derivatives with remarkable antitumor activity has received ...increasing attention and significant progress has been made. This paper reviews the recent progress in the study of tumorigenesis, mechanism of actions and structure activity relationships about anticancer indole and azindole derivatives. Combining structure activity relationships and molecular targets-related knowledge, this review will help researchers design more effective, safe and cost-effective anticancer indoles and azindoles agents.
The progress in design, synthesis, anticancer activities and some in silico modeling studies of indole and azaindole based derivatives was reviewed. The review provides valuable strategies and clues to the development of better antitumor activity and selectivity agents of indole and azaindole. Display omitted
•The recent progress in the study of tumorigenesis, mechanism of actions and structure activity relationships about anticancer indole and azindole derivatives is reviewed.•Discussions about design, anticancer activities, the SAR of indole and azaindole derivatives are made.•The review provides valuable strategies and clues to the development of better antitumor activity agents of indole and azaindole.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The role of endogenous serotonin (5‐HT) in gastrointestinal motility is still highly controversial. Although electrochemical techniques allow for direct and real‐time recording of biomolecules, the ...dynamic monitoring of 5‐HT release from elastic and tubular intestine during motor reflexes remains a great challenge because of the specific peristalsis patterns and inevitable passivation of the sensing interface. A stretchable sensor with antifouling and decontamination properties was assembled from gold nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The sandwich‐like structure endowed the sensor with satisfying mechanical stability and electrochemical performance, high resistance against physical adsorption, and superior efficiency in the photodegradation of biofouling molecules. Insertion of the sensor into the lumen of rat ileum (the last section of the small intestine) successfully mimics intestinal peristalsis, and simultaneous real‐time monitoring of distension‐evoked 5‐HT release was possible for the first time. Our results unambiguously reveal that mechanical distension of the intestine induces endogenous 5‐HT overflow, and 5‐HT level is closely associated with the physiological or pathological states of the intestine.
The role of endogenous serotonin in different intestinal motility patterns is highly controversial. A stretchable sensor with high sensitivity, and antifouling and decontamination properties is presented. The sensor was inserted into the lumen of an intestine model to achieve real‐time monitoring of distension‐evoked serotonin release.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim
Rapid anthropogenic warming coupled with changes in land use is altering the distributions of species, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and services. It is crucial to evaluate species ...range shifts based on understanding of the interaction of temperature with non‐climatic factors such as habitat availability and dispersal potential. Here, we aim to investigate roles of environmental temperature, habitat availability and population connectivity on the distributions of hard‐shore intertidal animals. We further examine potential roles of extensive artificial seawall construction in enabling poleward expansion of species in China, thus reshaping coastal biogeography.
Location
Chinese coast.
Time period
2013–2017.
Major taxa studied
Intertidal invertebrates.
Methods
We took an integrative approach encompassing distributional ecology, thermal physiology, molecular genetics, heat budget modelling and larval dispersal to elucidate how interacting multiple drivers, including temperature, habitat availability and larval dispersal, determine distributions of hard‐shore invertebrates, focusing on what sets their range edges at a boundary between biogeographic provinces.
Results
Our results untangle the complex interactions of global climate change with the impacts of regional scale coastal development. Temperature, larval transport and habitat availability are the major proximate factors controlling the range limits of coastal marine species. The artificial shorelines provide suitable habitats for hard‐shore species on the Yangtze River Delta, and minimum temperature in winter is an important factor setting the new northern range limit of these hard‐shore species along the Chinese coast.
Main conclusions
In the face of global warming and global sprawl of marine hard infrastructure, species distributions, community structures and biogeographic patterns are experiencing dramatic changes. The combined influence of multiple human stressors including climate change and artificial shorelines can be evaluated by using a multidisciplinary framework, including ecological distribution, physiological sensitivity of species to these stressors, and the role of dispersal in maintaining population connectivity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Isolation of single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients is a very challenging technique that may promote the process of individualized antitumor therapies. However, there exist few systems ...capable of highly efficient capture and release of single CTCs with high viability for downstream analysis and culture. Herein, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive substrate for highly efficient immunocapture and biocompatible site-release of CTCs by a combination of the photothermal effect of gold nanorods (GNRs) and a thermoresponsive hydrogel. The substrate was fabricated by imprinting target cancer cells on a GNR-pre-embedded gelatin hydrogel. Micro/nanostructures generated by cell imprinting produce artificial receptors for cancer cells to improve capture efficiency. Temperature-responsive gelatin dissolves rapidly at 37 °C; this allows bulk recovery of captured CTCs at physiological temperature or site-specific release of single CTCs by NIR-mediated photothermal activation of embedded GNRs. Furthermore, the system has been applied to capture, individually release, and genetically analyze CTCs from the whole blood of cancer patients. The multifunctional NIR-responsive platform demonstrates excellent performance in capture and site-release of CTCs with high viability, which provides a robust and versatile means toward individualized antitumor therapies and also shows promising potential for dynamically manipulating cell–substrate interactions in vitro.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In the present study, a novel amino-functionalized magnetic aerobic granular sludge-biochar (NH2-M-AGS) was successfully fabricated through magnetization and functional modification and applied for ...Pb(II) sorption. The composite was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH value, contact time and initial metal concentration on the adsorption of Pb(II) were investigated by using batch equilibrium experiments. It was concluded that the pseudo-second-order model was better to describe adsorption kinetic of Pb(II) onto NH2-M-AGS. The Langmuir model was more accorded with the experimental data, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) was 127.0 mg/g. A possible adsorption mechanism could be mainly caused by surface complexation, electrostatic attraction and precipitation. In five adsorption-desorption cycles, the desorption efficiency of Pb(II) exhibited a slight decline and still reached at 88.14%. Furthermore, the good reproducibility indicated that NH2-M-AGS could be used a desirable, economic and recyclable adsorbent in practical metal-contaminated wastewater treatment.
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•NH2-M-AGS composite was fabricated with high removal efficiency for Pb(II).•The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model.•The maximum adsorption capacity of NH2-M-AGS for Pb(II) was 127.0 mg/g.•In five adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal efficiency of NH2-M-AGS still reached at 88.14%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A simple and efficient decarboxylative radical addition/cyclization strategy was developed, by which a wide range of benzimidazo2,1-aisoquinoline-6(5H)-ones were prepared in one-pot via reaction of ...functionalized 2-arylbenzoimidazoles and carboxylic acids in the presence of K2S2O8/AgNO3 under mild reaction conditions.
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