Anti-Kasha's process in organic luminogens has attracted many attentions since its discovery. However, only limited examples of anti-Kasha's rule have been reported and anti-Kasha triplet energy ...transfer (ET) is even less-touched. Benefiting from anti-Kasha's rule, this work provided an efficient strategy to realize excitation wavelength dependent (Ex-De) afterglow in a host-guest system. The host has almost imperceptible RTP upon 365 nm excitation and guest is totally RTP inactive, while the doping host-guest system exhibits Ex-De afterglow with improved quantum yields. Anti-Kasha triplet ET process is realized from the higher excited triplet state T
of host to the lowest excited singlet state S
of the aggregated/unimolecular guest. ET efficiency in the doping system could be tuned by simply changing its processing methods to guide host and guest to adopt denser or looser intermolecular packing. The strategy of anti-Kasha triplet ET endows the host-guest doping system with multiple stimuli-responsive properties, including Ex-De afterglow, mechano-, and thermal-triggered afterglow behaviors. The corresponding applications of these properties are also realized in multiple information anti-counterfeiting and display.
Continuous and scalable nanopatterning over flexible substrates is highly desirable for both commercial and scientific interests, but is difficult to realize with traditional photolithographic ...processes. The recent advancements in nanofabrication methodologies enable light management with photonic structures on flexible materials, providing an increasingly popular strategy to control the light harvesting in the optoelectronic devices of photovoltaics, and in organic and inorganic light‐emitting diodes. Here, the current status of nanopatterning technologies for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices is summarized. Scalable nanopatterning technologies for nanomanufacturing on flexible materials are emphasized. Critical challenges in various patterning techniques when considering the resolution, scalability, processing throughput, and the use of masks and resists are addressed. The integration of flexible nanopatterned substrates with light manipulation in organic optoelectronic devices is also discussed; this enables the control of light flux and spectra. Finally, potential development directions are highlighted.
Recent advances in continuous and scalable nanopatterning technologies for the fabrication of flexible electronic and photonic devices are reviewed. Critical challenges in various nanofabrication methodologies and light management with photonic structures on flexible organic optoelectronic devices are addressed in terms of material compatibility, processing throughput, and device performance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
As a newly approved oral hypoglycaemic agent, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin, which is derived from the natural product phlorizin can effectively reduce blood ...glucose. Recent clinical studies have found that dapagliflozin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of dapagliflozin in alleviating hepatocyte steatosis
in vitro
and
in vivo
. We fed the spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with high-fat diets and cultured human normal liver LO2 cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells with palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatocellular steatosis. Dapagliflozin attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. In Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, dapagliflozin reduced hepatic lipid accumulation via promoting phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and upregulating lipid
β
-oxidation enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Furthermore, dapagliflozin increased the expression of the autophagy-related markers LC3B and Beclin1, in parallel with a drop in p62 level. Similar effects were observed in PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. Dapagliflozin treatment could also significantly activated AMPK and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR in ZDF rats and PA-stimulated LO2 cells and HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis by decreasing lipogenic enzyme, while inducing fatty acid oxidation enzyme and autophagy, which could be associated with AMPK activation. Moreover, our results indicate that dapagliflozin induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. These findings reveal a novel clinical application and functional mechanism of dapagliflozin in the treatment of NAFLD.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ex-PRESS implantation (Ex-Press) compared with trabeculectomy (Trab) in the treatment of patients with uncontrolled glaucoma.
A comprehensive literature ...meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify controlled clinical trials comparing Ex-Press with Trab. Efficacy estimates were measured by weight mean difference (WMD) for the percentage intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline to end-point, odds ratio (OR) for complete success, and qualified success rates. Tolerability estimates were measured by OR for adverse events. All outcomes were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were synthesized by Stata 11.0 SE for Windows.
Eight controlled clinical trials meeting the predefined criteria were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 605 eyes from 559 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma were included. The weighted mean difference of the percentage IOP reduction from baseline was 2.33 (95% confidence interval: -2.59-7.24) when comparing Ex-Press with Trab. Ex-Press was associated with numerically greater, but nonsignificant, IOP lowering efficacy than Trab. The pooled odds ratio comparing Ex-Press with Trab were 0.93 (0.39, 2.23) for the complete success rate and 1.00 (0.39, 2.56) for the qualified success rate. Ex-Press was associated with a significantly lower frequency of hypotony and hyphema than Trab, with pooled ORs of 0.29 (0.13, 0.65) and 0.36 (0.13, 0.97), respectively.
Ex-Press was associated with equivalent efficacy to Trab in lowering IOP. Comparable proportions of patients reached the IOP target with Ex-Press and Trab. Ex-Press was better tolerated than Trab.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
To describe the clinical significance of prompt, adequate, and targeted intravenous antibiotic (IV antibiotic) therapy in the successful management of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) associated ...with
Streptococcus intermedius
(
S. intermedius
) infection.
Case description
SEA is a rare, but catastrophic infection that may result in a high risk of permanent neurological disability. A 52-year-old Chinese female patient was presented to the emergency department due to 2 years of low back pain and 3 days of decreased muscle strength in the extremities. The blood culture confirmed the presence of
S. intermedius
infection, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated widespread epidural abscesses in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine canal. Empirical IV antibiotic therapy with vancomycin was promptly initiated, with meropenem and moxifloxacin added subsequently based on blood culture results. After 5 days of IV antibiotic treatment, the patient’s blood culture became negative. 6 weeks later, a follow-up MRI showed a decrease in the size of the abscess. The patient’s muscle strength was mostly restored after 2 months of IV antibiotic treatment.
Conclusion
Repeat examinations or gadolinium-enhanced MRI should be considered when initial MRI findings are not diagnostic of SEA. For extensive SEA caused by
Streptococcus intermedius
infection, surgery may be non-essential, and the judicious antibiotic selection and adequate treatment duration are pivotal for successful conservative management. Furthermore, for patients who are not amenable to surgery, a comprehensive evaluation of their condition and meticulous implementation of a precise pharmacological regimen holds noteworthy clinical significance.
Purpose: Obtaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure disease (PACD) still requires studies that provide measurements of anterior and posterior biometric ...characteristics together and that assess the relationship between them. Methods: In total, 201 eyes were enrolled in this cross-sectional study: 50 normal controls, 49 primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), 38 primary angle closure (PAC), and 64 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. The anterior and posterior structural features were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography and swept-source optical coherence tomography. Results: All PACD groups had smaller anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV), angle opening distance at 750 μm from the scleral spur (AOD750), trabecular-iris space area at 750 μm from the scleral spur (TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA), as well as a larger lens vault (LV), than controls (all P < 0.001). The PACS and PAC groups had thicker iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750) than controls (P = 0.017 and P = 0.002, respectively). Choroidal thickness (CT) was not statistically different among normal, PACS, PAC, and PACG eyes. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between thinner IT750 and increased CT in PACD eyes (P = 0.031, univariate analysis; P = 0.008, multivariate analysis). Conclusion: Thinner iris thickness was associated with increased CT in PACD eyes; however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
One of the top priorities of ore body exploration geochemistry is to effectively identifying “anomalies” and separating them from “background” in geochemical data analyses, during which an accurate ...understanding of geochemical distribution patterns of elements and anomaly separation has been the focus of ore body hunting. However, geochemical data are compositional data with closure effect and require necessary logratio transformation to open closed data for the following statistical analysis. The invested dataset of 13 elements derived from 2264 surface rock samples from the northwestern Ashele mining area was processed and respectively analyzed as the raw data, logarithmically-transformed data, and isometric logratio (ilr) transformed data with exploratory data analysis (EDA) technology. Of which, the ilr transformed data yields an ideal data structure and scale distribution. The data then was analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) and robust principal component analysis (RPCA), along with the compositional biplots and the first principal component score maps to identify the spatial distribution of element assemblages. After that, a comparative study of the geochemical distribution patterns based on the raw data of mineralized elements and the principal component scores based on ilr transformation data is conducted to explore the connection with mineralization. As a result, four prospecting prediction targets of two types are delineated in the study area.
•Rock geochemical data is analyzed under the compositional perspective for ore prospecting prediction in the Ashele district.•Exploratory data analysis methods for compositions are used to explore information.•The elemental assemblage related to the mineralization stage of the deposit was revealed by robust principal component analysis methods.•The spatially geochemical patterns of metallogenic elements and elemental assemblages are revealed for ore prediction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study describes a circular curve path-following controller for an underactuated unmanned surface vessel (USV) experiencing unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances. Initially, a three ...degrees of freedom kinematic model of the USV is proposed for marine environmental disturbances and internal model parameter deterrence. Then, the circular path guidance law and controller are designed to ensure that the USV can move along the desired path. During the design process, a proportional derivative (PD)-based sigmoid fuzzy function is applied to adjust the guidance law. To accommodate unknown system dynamics and perturbations, a radial basis function neural network and adaptive updating laws are adopted to design the surge motion and yaw motion controllers, estimating the unmodeled hydrodynamic coefficients and external disturbances. Theoretical analysis shows that tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB), and the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed controller can achieve good control effects while ensuring tracking accuracy and demonstrating satisfactory disturbance rejection capability.
A compound-eye imaging system based on the phase diffractive microlens array as a compact observation module is proposed. As compared with the refractive microlens in common compound-eye imaging ...systems, the diffractive microlens is a flat imaging optics featuring high relative aperture, thin component thickness and compatibility with lithography techniques. As an application, a compact fingerprint imaging module was demonstrated using this compound-eye imaging system. The phase Fresnel microlens array with continuous trough morphology was fabricated via the self-developed gray-scale laser direct write equipment. An image reconstruction method is proposed by extracting the effective image information of each Fresnel microlens, removing the complex signal separator layer from the compound-eye imaging system. The illumination optics is further planarized through the waveguide backlighting and the waveguide functions as the touch panel for fingerprint recording. The novel compound-eye imaging device length was only restricted by the focal length of the microlens with a low limit of 4.12f. The applicability of this novel compound-eye imaging system was further demonstrated by recording the human fingerprint texture, paving ways for various applications as a compact imaging system.
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