•Microplastic-induced changes affect soil function and soil microbial communities.•The effects of microplastics on soil or soil organisms depend on particle types, concentration and exposure ...time.•Consumption of microplastics can cause mechanical damage, chemical responses and disrupt gut microbial communities.•Microplastics have potential effects on plant growth and may accumulate and transport in plants.•Some bacteria biodegrade microplastics could be used for soil bioremediation.
Microplastics are emerging contaminants and their presence in water and soil ecosystems has recently drawn considerable attention because they pose a great threat to entire ecosystems. Recent researches have focused on the detection, occurrence, characterization, and toxicology of microplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems; however, our understanding of the ecological effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems is still limited compared with that in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we have compiled literature, studying the sources, migration of microplastics in soil, negative impacts on soil health and function, trophic transfer in food chains, and the corresponding adverse effects on soil organisms in order to address the potential ecological and human health risks caused by microplastics in soil. This review aims to address gaps in knowledge, shed light on the ecological effects of microplastics in soil, and propose future studies on microplastic pollution and the resultant soil ecotoxicity. Furthermore, this review is focused on limiting microplastics in soil and establishing management and remediation measures to mitigate the risks posed by microplastic pollution.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In recent years, Chinese local governments have experimented with integrating the social health insurance system segmented between rural and urban areas to unify the administration, policy, and funds ...of various health insurance programs. In this study, we take advantage of the staggered implementation of the urban-rural health insurance integration across cities over time to examine the impacts of the integration on rural residents' health care utilization and health outcomes. Based on an original city-year level policy dataset and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that the integration significantly increases the middle-aged and older rural residents' inpatient care utilization and this positive effect is particularly salient in poor areas. Moreover, we find that the positive policy effect of integration is attributed to enhanced health insurance benefits, such as a higher reimbursement rate for inpatient care. However, the integration has limited impacts on the middle-aged and older rural residents' health outcomes. This study reveals the partial success of urban-rural health insurance integration to reduce health care inequality in China.
•We study health insurance integration's impact on middle-aged and older residents.•The integration increased inpatient care utilization.•The utilization increase is particularly salient in poor areas.•The integration has limited impacts on health outcomes.•These results are found for rural residents only and not for urban residents.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A sustainable and cost‐effective protocol for direct aminomethylation of imidazo‐fused heterocycles by decarboxylative coupling reaction of N‐phenylglycines with imidazo‐fused heterocycles in the ...presence of CsPbBr3 under the irradiation of visible light has been developed. This is the first example of CsPbBr3‐catalyzed aminomethylation of imidazo‐fused heterocycles. The eminent advantage of this work is in that, CsPbBr3 is easily prepared and can be used at least 5 times without obvious reduction in its activity, exhibiting high catalyst economic feature.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Traumatic brain injury in China Jiang, Ji-Yao; Gao, Guo-Yi; Feng, Jun-Feng ...
Lancet neurology,
March 2019, 2019-03-00, 20190301, Volume:
18, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
China has more patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) than most other countries in the world, making this condition a major public health concern. Population-based mortality of TBI in China is ...estimated to be approximately 13 cases per 100 000 people, which is similar to the rates reported in other countries. The implementation of various measures, such as safety legislation for road traffic, establishment of specialised neurosurgical intensive care units, and the development of evidence-based guidelines, have contributed to advancing prevention and care of patients with TBI in China. However, many challenges remain, which are augmented further by regional differences in TBI care. High-level care, such as intracranial pressure monitoring, is not universally available yet. In the past 30 years, the quality of TBI research in China has substantially improved, as evidenced by an increasing number of clinical trials done. The large number of patients with TBI and specialised trauma centres offer unique opportunities for TBI research in China. Furthermore, the formation and development of research collaborations between China and international groups are considered essential to advancing the quality of TBI care and research in China, and to improve quality of life in patients with this condition.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A freely tunable polarization rotator for broadband terahertz waves is demonstrated using a three‐rotating‐layer metallic grating structure, which can conveniently rotate the polarization of a ...linearly polarized terahertz wave to any desired direction with nearly perfect conversion efficiency. This low‐cost, high‐efficiency, and freely tunable device has potential applications as material analysis, wireless communication, and THz imaging.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Suppose (
M
,
g
) is a Riemannian manifold having dimension
n
, nonnegative Ricci curvature, maximal volume growth and unique tangent cone at infinity. In this case, the tangent cone at infinity
C
(
...X
) is an Euclidean cone over the cross-section
X
. Denote by
α
=
lim
r
→
∞
Vol
(
B
r
(
p
)
)
r
n
the asymptotic volume ratio. Let
h
k
=
h
k
(
M
)
be the dimension of the space of harmonic functions with polynomial growth of growth order at most
k
. In this paper, we prove an upper bound of
h
k
in terms of the counting function of eigenvalues of
X
. As a corollary, we obtain
lim
k
→
∞
k
1
-
n
h
k
=
2
α
(
n
-
1
)
!
ω
n
. These results are sharp, as they recover the corresponding well-known properties of
h
k
(
R
n
)
. In particular, these results hold on manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature and maximal volume growth.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A
bstract
In this paper, we consider the dynamics of charge imbalance resolved negativity after a local joining quench in the 1 + 1 dimensional free complex boson CFT. In the first part, we study the ...local joining quench by applying conformal maps, obtaining analytical universal results. We first calculate the quench dynamics of charged logarithmic negativity. Then using the Fourier transformation, we obtain the charge imbalance resolved negativity. The total negativity can be recovered from the charge-resolved ones. In the second part, we test our CFT predictions against the underlying lattice model numerically. Finally, we explain our results based on the quasi-particle picture.
We report the cases of two children who presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) as an initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both patients had a positive Coombs test, ...anemia, and an increased number of spherocytes in their blood smear. The patient in Case 1 presented with fever, urticarial erythema, facial paresis, AIHA, and leucopenia. Immunological screening revealed low complement protein levels and positive anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA, and antiphospholipid antibody results. A further laboratory workup revealed a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) result and low factor II levels. She was diagnosed with lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) in addition to SLE. The patient in Case 2 presented with fever, butterfly rash, thyroid enlargement, leucopenia, and AIHA. She was diagnosed with SLE with thyroiditis. Both patients were started on combined immunosuppressive therapy, and both patients’ clinical symptoms finally resolved. A literature review on childhood SLE showed that AIHA is common in patients with SLE. LAHPS is an uncommonly identified cause of bleeding in patients with SLE, and it must be considered when evaluating children with a positive LA result.
A simple and efficient decarboxylative radical addition/cyclization strategy was developed, by which a wide range of benzimidazo2,1-aisoquinoline-6(5H)-ones were prepared in one-pot via reaction of ...functionalized 2-arylbenzoimidazoles and carboxylic acids in the presence of K2S2O8/AgNO3 under mild reaction conditions.
PDF
