Under the background of digital finance, this paper uses Stata to empirically study the impact of digital transformation on the profitability of commercial banks. This study examines how digital ...transformation affects the profitability of commercial banks by developing a fixed effect regression model using data from 16 Chinese listed commercial banks from 2012 to 2021 as research samples. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis is conducted to investigate the difference of the impact of digital transformation of different types of commercial banks on profitability. The research results show that digital transformation significantly increases the profitability of commercial banks. The digital transformation of large state-owned commercial banks cannot significantly improve their profitability, while the digital transformation of joint-stock commercial banks and urban commercial banks can significantly improve their profitability. Finally, based on the research results, suggestions are made for commercial banks and financial regulators.
Inflammation has emerged to be a critical mechanism responsible for neural damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in retina, are implicated as principal ...components of the immunological insult to retinal neural cells. The involvement of microglia in retinal inflammation is complex and here we propose for the first time that necroptosis in microglia triggers neuroinflammation and exacerbates retinal neural damage and degeneration. We found microglia experienced receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1)- and RIP3-dependent necroptosis not only in the retinal degenerative rd1 mice, but also in the acute retinal neural injury mice. The necroptotic microglia released various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, which orchestrated the retinal inflammation. Importantly, necroptosis blockade using necrostatin-1 could suppress microglia-mediated inflammation, rescue retinal degeneration or prevent neural injury in vivo. Meanwhile, cultured microglia underwent RIP1/3-mediated necroptosis and the necroptotic microglia produced large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide or oxidative stress in vitro. Mechanically, TLR4 deficiency ameliorated microglia necroptosis with decreased expression levels of machinery molecules RIP1 and RIP3, and suppressed retinal inflammation, suggesting that TLR4 signaling was required in microglia necroptosis-mediated inflammation. Thus, we proposed that microglia experienced necroptosis through TLR4 activation, promoting an inflammatory response that serves to exacerbate considerable neural damage and degeneration. Necroptosis blockade therefore emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for tempering microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and ameliorating neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Microglia activation is recognized as the hallmark of neuroinflammation. However, the activation profile and phenotype changes of microglia during the process of retinal degeneration are poorly ...understood. This study aimed to elucidate the time-spatial pattern of microglia distribution and characterize the polarized phenotype of activated microglia during retinal neuroinflammation and degeneration in rd1 (
) mice, the classic model of inherited retinal degeneration. Retinae of rd1 mice at different postnatal days (P7, P14, P21, P28, P56, and P180) were prepared for further analysis. We found most CD11b
or IBA1
microglia expressed Ki-67 and CD68 in rd1 mice and these cells migrated toward the layer of degenerative photoreceptors at the rapid rods degeneration phase from P14 to P28. These microglia exhibited typical ameboid activated shape with round bodies and scarce dendrites, while at late phase at P180, they displayed resting ramified morphology with elongated dendrites. Flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of CD86
CD206
M1 microglia increased markedly in rd1 retinae, however, no significant change was observed in CD206
CD86
M2 microglia. Interestingly, CD86
CD206
microglia, an intermediate state between the two extremes of M1 and M2, increased markedly at the rapid rods degeneration phase. The immunofluorescence images revealed that microglia in rd1 mice highly expressed M1 markers including CD16/32, CD86, and CD40. In addition, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2) was observed in rd1 mice. Our findings unfolded a panorama for the first time that microglia conducted distinctive behaviors with the progression of retinal degeneration in rd1 mice. Microglia is activated and particularly polarized to a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype at the rapid rods degenerative phase, suggesting that the involvement of M1 microglia in the retinal neuroinflammation and degeneration. Most microglia adopted an intermediate polarization "M1½" state in rd1, revealing that microglia orchestrated a complicated continuous spectrum in degenerative retina.
Zhang, M, Chen, L, Dai, J, Yang, Q, Huang, Z, He, J, Ji, H, Sun, J, and Li, D. Application of a new monitoring variable: Effects of power loss during squat training on strength gains and sports ...performance. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 656-670, 2024-This study aimed to compare the effects of power loss (PL) autoregulated volume (PL10 and PL20) with standardized fixed-load (FL) prescription on strength, sports performance, and lean body mass (LBM). Thirty-five female basketball players from a sports college were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (PL10, n = 12; PL20, n = 12; and FL, n = 11, respectively) that performed a resistance training (RT) program with wave-like periodization for 10 weeks using the back squat exercise. Assessments performed before (Pre) and after (Post) intervention included assessed 1 repetition maximum (1RM), body composition, 20-m sprint (T20M), change of direction (COD), and jump performance, including countermovement jump with arm swing, maximum vertical jump, and reactive strength index. Three groups showed significant improvements in strength (effect size ES: PL10 = 2.98, PL20 = 3.14, and FL = 1.90; p < 0.001) and jump performance (ES: PL10 = 0.74, PL20 = 1.50, and FL = 0.50; p <0.05-0.001). However, PL10 and PL20 demonstrated different advantages in sports performance compared with FL (group × time interaction, p <0.05). Specifically, PL10 significantly improved COD performance (ES = -0.79 ∼ -0.53, p <0.01), whereas PL20 showed greater improvements in sprint (ES = -0.57, p <0.05) and jump performance (ES = 0.67-1.64, p <0.01-0.001). Moreover, PL10 resulted in similar gains to PL20 and beneficial improvements compared with FL in LBM, despite performing the least repetitions. Overall, the study indicates that power loss-based autoregulation induces greater gains in LBM and sports performance, as well as eliciting a higher efficiency dose response than standardized FL prescriptions, particularly for PL10. Therefore, incorporating PL monitoring in training programs is recommended, and further studies on power-based RT would be worthwhile.
This study explores the age effects of the sport education model(SEM) on the impact of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) and intrinsic motivation (interest, enjoyment, ...satisfaction) among adolescent students.
Retrieval of relevant literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search period ranged from the starting year to January 7, 2024. Subsequently, literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be conducted, and data analysis will be performed using "Review Manager 5.4" software.
Overall, SEM has a positive and statistically significant impact on the basic psychological needs (MD = 0.36,95% CI 0.22, 0.50) and intrinsic motivation (MD = 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.93) of adolescent students (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed age effects on the impact of SEM on the basic psychological needs of adolescent students: pre-peak height velocity (PRE-PHV) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI 0.23, 0.56, I2 = 45%, P<0.01), mid-peak height velocity (MID-PHV) (MD = 0.22, 95% CI 0.01, 0.42, I2 = 82%, P<0.05), post-peak height velocity (POST-PHV) (MD = 1.27, 95% CI 0.79, 1.74, I2 = 0%, P<0.01). Similarly, age effects were found for intrinsic motivation: MID-PHV (MD = 0.86, 95% CI 0.62, 1.11, I2 = 68%, P<0.01), POST-PHV (MD = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40, 0.72, I2 = 0%, P<0.01).
The SEM is an effective approach to enhancing the basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation of adolescent students. However, it exhibits age effects among students at different developmental stages. Specifically, in terms of enhancing basic psychological needs, the model has the greatest impact on POST-PHV students, followed by PRE-PHV students, while the improvement effect is relatively lower for MID-PHV students. The enhancement effect on intrinsic motivation diminishes with increasing age.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Plyometric training boosts adolescents' jumping ability, crucial for athletic success and health. However, the best total ground contact frequency (TGCF) and overall intervention time (OIT) for these ...exercises remain unclear. This meta-analysis aims to identify optimal TGCF and OIT in plyometric training for adolescents, focusing on countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) outcomes. This systematic review encompassed five databases and included 38 studies with 50 randomized controlled experiments and 3347 participants. We used the Cochrane risk assessment tool for study quality and Review Manager 5.4 for data analysis. The current meta-analysis incorporated a total of 38 studies, comprising 50 sets of randomized controlled trials, to investigate the influence of different TGCFs and OITs on plyometric training. The Cochrane risk assessment tool indicated that all the included studies were classified as low risk. Various TGCFs in plyometric training positively affected CMJ and SJ heights in adolescents. The TGCF of less than 900 was ideal for enhancing CMJ, whereas more than 1400 was effective for SJ. The optimal OIT was 400-600 min, specifically, 500-600 min for CMJ and 400-500 min for SJ. Plyometric training improves jumping ability in adolescents. Lower ground contact frequency (< 900 contacts) enhances CMJ, while higher ground contact frequency (> 1400 contacts) is more effective for SJ. Optimal intervention time ranges from 400 to 600 min, with 500 to 600 min benefiting CMJ and 400 to 500 min improving SJ.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
At present, many cloning selection algorithms have been studied, and improvements have been made to the cloning, mutation and selection steps. However, there is a lack of research on the optimization ...of the updating operation steps. The clonal selection algorithm is traditionally updated through a random complement of antibodies, which is a blind and uncertain process. The added antibodies may gather near a local optimal solution, resulting in the need for more iterations to obtain the global optimal solution. To solve this problem, our improved algorithm introduces a crowding degree factor in the antibody updating stage to determine whether there is crowding between antibodies. By eliminating antibodies with high crowding potential and poor affinity, the improved algorithm guides the antibodies to update in the direction of the global optimal solution and ensures stable convergence with fewer iterations. Experimental results show that the overall performance of the improved algorithm is 1% higher than that of the clonal selection algorithm and 2.2% higher than that of the genetic algorithm, indicating that the improved algorithm is effective. The improved algorithm is also transplanted to other improved clonal selection algorithms, and the overall performance is improved by 0.97%, indicating that the improved algorithm can be a beneficial supplement to other improved clonal selection algorithms.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The development of accident-tolerant materials is of great significance for preventing the zirconium-water reactions and improving the inherent safety of nuclear reactors. In this study, ZrC/Ni ...multilayers with average layer thicknesses of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 nm were designed and successfully fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The characterization results of GIXRD, SEM, AFM, TEM, etc., show that the series of films are mainly composed of alternately deposited Ni crystalline layers and ZrC amorphous layers, and the interface is clear. The films were irradiated with 50 keV He
with a fluence of 1.0 × 10
ions/cm
at room temperature, and the films with different layer thicknesses kept the original phase composition. It was found that an amorphous transition layer with a thickness of about 30 nm appeared between the amorphous and crystalline interface of the 100 nm film by TEM characterization. The analysis shows that this layer is formed by the mixing of Ni and Zr elements induced by irradiation, which is not conducive to He
migration and produces large-sized helium bubbles. The appearance of the transition layer improves the irradiation stability of the amorphous/crystalline composite film, thus providing a theoretical basis for the application of this type of material in fuel cladding.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To evaluate the apical surgery-related anatomy of two-rooted and three-rooted mandibular first molars (MFMs) in a Mongoloid population.
Methods
A total of 502 cone-beam computed tomographic ...images were used to evaluate the root configuration, the distance from the buccal bone to each root, root dimensions, and the complete root resection distance at the resection level for roots of MFMs.
Results
The prevalence of two-rooted and three-rooted MFMs was 85.1% and 14.9%, respectively. At the resection level, the distance from the buccal bone to the mesial and distal roots of two-rooted MFMs was 2.24 and 3.15 mm, respectively, while the distance was 2.44, 2.01, and 8.55 mm for the mesial, distobuccal, and distolingual roots of three-rooted MFMs, respectively. The distance from the buccal bone to each root was longer in men than in women. The largest distance for complete root resection was detected for the distal root in two-rooted MFMs and for the distolingual root in three-rooted MFMs.
Conclusions
The prevalence of three-rooted MFMs is common in the Mongoloid population. The distance from the buccal bone to root apex differs according to root configurations and sex. Surgical access to the distolingual root is difficult because of the long access distance.
PDF
