The recent emergence of pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) has posed serious ecological and economic implications for cotton production in India since 2017. The project ...“Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM): Dissemination of pink bollworm management strategies in Bt-cotton” was implemented consecutively for four years from 2018 -19, 2019–20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 in 21 districts across three cotton growing zones of the country. In each year, field demonstrations were conducted on 1050 acres of cotton area and mass awareness was created through outreach activities. With concerted and focused efforts, the PBW infestations could be brought down by 42.75% in 2018–19, 43.49% in 2019–20, 35.55% in 2020-21 and 33.77% in 2021-22 in the demonstration plots over the farmer practices. An increased benefit: cost ratios of 2.16:1, 2:1, 1.89:1 and 2.24:1 were realized during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020-21 and 2021–22, respectively. Similarly, the average number of sprays for the control of cotton pests during the season was reduced to 5.02, 4.94, 5.19 and 5.18 in integrated pest management (IPM) fields as compared to 6.98, 7.66, 8.07 and 8.20 in non-integrated pest management (NIPM) fields in the corresponding years. Reduction in pesticide usage in IPM vs NIPM fields was 46.39% in terms of cost, and 38.96% in terms of volume during 2019-20 while concurrent percent reduction in pesticide usage was 41.03 & 39.33 during 2020-21 and 40.70 & 39.38 in 2021–22. Comparatively more seed cotton was harvested from IPM than NIPM fields i.e. 2190 vs 1820 kg/ha in 2018–19, 2049 vs 1715 kg/ha in 2019–20, 1881 vs 1585 kg/ha in 2020-21 and 1901 vs 1607 kg/ha in 2021–22. Significant success in reducing PBW infestation, pesticide usage and corresponding improvement in yield, economic benefits and environmental quality in terms of reduced EIQFUR has been achieved through IPM demonstrations. This area-wide success was achieved through collective efforts and active involvement of all concerned stakeholders.
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•Pink bollworm has emerged as serious threat to Indian cotton production.•Areawide IPM strategies disseminated & mass awareness created through outreach.•Significant reduction in pest infestation and pesticide usage was achieved.•Realization of economic benefits to cotton growers was demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Behavioural responses of Helicoverpa armigera egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis and the larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae towards the leaves of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes (ICGV ...86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271, and ICG 1697-resistant, and the susceptible check-JL 24) were studied by using a Y-tube olfactometer. Orientation was studied in comparison to clean air, to insect resistant genotypes in relation to JL 24 and towards H. armigera damaged and undamaged leaves. Leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 2271 were more attractive to T. chilonis adults than to the clean air. They were strongly attracted to the leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 1697 than of JL 24. Insect damaged leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 1697 were more attractive than the respective uninfested leaves. C. chlorideae showed greater attraction towards leaves of ICGV 86699, ICG 2271 and ICG 1697 than the clean air, and were more attracted towards leaves of ICGV 86699 and ICGV 86031 than those of JL 24. The damaged leaves of ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031 and ICG 2271 were more attractive to C. chlorideae than the respective uninfested leaves. Thus insect resistant genotypes exhibited greater compatibility with the natural enemies in groundnut.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Malnutrition is a major problem for the inhabitants of most countries where OSMF is prevalent. ...Recently, a new direction in the etiopathogenesis was provided by the identification of fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in the plasma of OSMF patients.
To assess the role of FDP in the etiology of OSMF and to correlate with the nutritional status by evaluating the total serum protein level. The study also determines to evaluate the correlation between the levels of plasma FDP with respect to the staging and grading of OSMF. Correlation between the levels of Total Serum Protein (TSP) with respect to the staging and grading of OSMF was also evaluated.
The study included 30 cases clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as oral submucous fibrosis. The FDP levels were assessed using both qualitative and semi quantitative method as supplied by 'Tulip Diagnostics (P) Ltd. Total Serum Protein (TSP) estimation was done by Biuret method using Liquixx Protein kit by Erba, Manheim.
The study indicates that in qualitative assessment of FDP only 14 subjects showed the presence of FDP levels>200ng/ml. In semiquantitative assessment there is no significant association between varying clinical stages and histopathological grades and FDP levels. Total serum Protein level showed a marginal increase in all subjects. The study revealed a positive correlation between FDP and TSP in all OSMF subjects.
A larger sample size which would be a better representation of the population and the use of different methods which have higher sensitivities and specificities to evaluate FDP level and detailed fractional analysis of protein along with immunoglobulin profiling would facilitate in attaining more conclusive results.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main goal of the present work was to develop a value-added product of biodegradable material for sustainable packaging. The use of agriculture waste-derived carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mainly ...is to reduce the cost involved in the development of the film, at present commercially available CMS is costly. The main focus of the research is to translate the agricultural waste-derived CMC to useful biodegradable polymer suitable for packaging material. During this process CMC was extracted from the agricultural waste mainly sugar cane bagasse and the blends were prepared using CMC (waste derived), gelatin, agar and varied concentrations of glycerol; 1.5% (sample A), 2% (sample B), and 2.5% (sample C) was added. Thus, the film derived from the sample C (gelatin + CMC + agar) with 2.0% glycerol as a plasticizer exhibited excellent properties than other samples A and B. The physiochemical properties of each developed biodegradable plastics (sample A, B, C) were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling test, solubility in different solvents, oil permeability coefficient, water permeability (WP), mechanical strength of the produced material was claimed to be a good material for packaging and meanwhile its biodegradability (soil burial method) indicated their environmental compatibility nature and commercial properties. The reflected work is a novel approach, and which is vital in the conversion of organic waste to value-added product development. There is also another way to utilize commercial CMC in preparation of polymeric blends for the packaging material, which can save considerable time involved in the recovery of CMC from sugarcane bagasse.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highly base-stable cationic moieties are a critical component of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in alkaline fuel cells (AFCs); however, the commonly employed organic cations have limited alkaline ...stability. To address this problem, we synthesized and characterized the stability of a series of imidazolium cations in 1, 2, or 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 °C, systematically evaluating the impact of substitution on chemical stability. The substituent identity at each position of the imidazolium ring has a dramatic effect on the overall cation stability. We report imidazolium cations that have the highest alkaline stabilities reported to date, >99% cation remaining after 30 days in 5 M KOH/CD3OH at 80 °C.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium cation was evaluated as a functional group for alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs). The base stability of P(N(Me)Cy)4+ was directly compared to that of ...BnNMe3+ in 1 M NaOD/CD3OD. The high base stability of P(N(Me)Cy)4+ relative to BnNMe3+ inspired the preparation of AAEM materials composed of phosphonium units attached to polyethylene. The AAEMs (hydroxide conductivity of 22 ± 1 mS cm–1 at 22 °C) were prepared using ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and their stabilities were evaluated in 15 M KOH at 22 °C and in 1 M KOH at 80 °C.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
In seeking broad spectrum pharmacological activities of benzimidazole derivatives, a group of 4-thiazolidinones
5(
a–
j) and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
6(
a–
j) containing 2-mercapto benzimidazole moiety were ...synthesized and screened for
in vivo anticonvulsant activity by Maximal Electroshock (MES) model and antidiabetic activity using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Compounds (
5c), (
5d), (
5g) and (
5i) exhibited potent anticonvulsant results and (
6c), (
6d), (
6h) and (
6i) showed excellent antidiabetic activities and also pharmacophore derived from active molecules suggested that presence of –OH group was a common feature in all active compounds. In DNA cleavage studies, compound (
5d) cleaved DNA completely as no trace of DNA was found. On the other hand, a sharp streak was found for compounds (
5c), (
6a) and (
6d).
Synthesis and broad spectrum pharmacological activities such as
in vivo anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies of benzimidazole derivatives have been studied. Compounds were characterized by spectroscopic studies and elemental analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In field experiment carried out at Entomology section farm, College of Agriculture, Pune-5 (Maharastra, India) spinosad (0.002%) was the most effective for control of fruit fly with the highest yield ...of marketable fruits in cucumber. It was followed by cartap hydrochloride (0.05%) and NSKE (5%). which were, at par with each other in effectiveness. For maximum net additional returns, spraying of spinosad (0.0025%) was suggested for the control of B.cucurbitae on cucumber.
General dentists most commonly encounter one or more congenitally missing teeth on routine oral examination. Hypodontia and oligodontia are the two most commonly encountered genetic disorders. When ...one or less than six teeth are missing congenitally they are termed hypodontia. Environmental factors, radiation, trauma, infection, genetic mutations have all been considered as the probable cause for hypodontia. Well documentation of such condition becomes necessary to enrich the knowledge about congenitally missing teeth. How to cite the article: Satish BN, Kumar P, Furquan M, Hugar D, Saraswati FK. Bilateral agenesis of permanent mandibular central incisors: Report of two cases. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):103-5.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting people worldwide, which require constant monitoring of their glucose levels. Commonly employed procedures include collection of blood or urine ...samples causing discomfort to the patients. Hence the need for an alternative non invasive technique is required to monitor glucose levels. Saliva present in the oral cavity not only maintains the health of the oral cavity but plays a important role in diagnosis of cancers of the oral cavity, periodontal diseases, HIV, heart diseases etc. The aim of the present study was undertaken to correlate the glucose levels in saliva and blood of diabetic and healthy non diabetic individuals and to determine the efficacy of saliva as a diagnostic tool.
A total of 30 individuals of which 20 patients were diabetic patients and on medication and 10 patients were healthy non diabetic individuals were included in the study. Blood and saliva were collected under resting conditions and were subjected to glucose estimation.
Salivary and blood glucose concentrations were determined in non diabetic healthy individuals (n=10) and Type II Diabetes mellitus patients (n=20). Glycosylated haemoglobin A1c was also determined in both Type II diabetic patients and Control group and a significant correlation (r=0.73) and (r=0.46) was found between HbA1c and serum glucose concentrations in diabetic and control group respectively. A significant correlation (r=0.54) and (r=0.45) was found between fasting blood glucose and fasting salivary glucose for diabetic group and control group respectively. A positive correlation (r=0.39) and (r=0.38) was found between fasting salivary glucose and HbA1c for diabetic and control group respectively.
These findings suggest that the saliva can be used in the assessment of the blood glucose concentration in diabetes mellitus patients. How to cite the article: Satish BN, Srikala P, Maharudrappa B, Awanti M, Kumar P, Hugar D. Saliva: A tool in assessing glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):114-7.
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