Is truth a research goal and regulative ideal that is appropriate for management research? Is realism an appropriate philosophical foundation for management research? This article answers in the ...affirmative on both of these questions by (a) using historical method to develop the four fundamental tenets of scientific realism, (b) using the historical material to show how some management writers have presented a historically false view of scientific realism, (c) developing a scientific realist model of truth, and (d) using trust as a foundation, arguing for truth and realism in management research.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Attenuated serotype 1 Marek's disease virus strains vary widely in their protection properties. This study was conducted to elucidate which biocharacteristics of serotype 1 MDV strains are related ...with protection. Three pairs of vaccines, each one including a higher protective (HP) vaccine and a lower protective (LP) vaccine originating from the same MDV strain, were studied. Two other highly protective vaccines (RM1 and CVI988/BP5) were also included in the study. Comparison within pairs of vaccines showed that marked differences existed between the HP and the LP vaccines. Compared with LP vaccines, HP vaccines replicated better in vivo. Also, they induced a significant expansion of total T cells and of the helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages (CD45
+
CD3
+
, CD4
+
CD8
−
, CD4
−
CD8
+
) as well as a marked increase in the expression of the antigens of MhcI and MhcII on T cells. Thus, our results show that in vivo replication and early stimulation of the T-cell lineage are two characteristics shared by HP vaccines. However, comparison among the four HP vaccines that provided protection equal to that of CVI988 (RM1, CVI988/BP5, CVI988 and 648A80) revealed variability, especially regarding in vivo replication. Strains RM1 and CVI988/BP5 showed much stronger replication in vivo than the other two vaccine strains (CVI988 and 648A80). Thus, no single set of characteristics could be used to identify the most protective Marek's disease vaccines, implying, perhaps, that multiple mechanisms may be involved.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The inductive realist model of theory generation (Hunt,
AMS Review, 3
(2), 61–73,
2013
) proposes a process model of theory generation that links discovery and justification. This article further ...explicates the inductive realist model of theory generation by addressing the major issues that marketing academics have raised. Specifically, this article provides answers to six of the most commonly asked questions. (1) Why is the model called “inductive realist”? (2) Is the real world of theory generation as linear as the model depicts? (3) Is the model positive or normative? (4) How does the model relate to the “theory-in-use” approach? (5) Is the model a testable, causal model? (6) Does all “problem recognition” start with “current disciplinary knowledge”?
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Three sets of experimental conditions were tested to synthesize uranium carbonitride (UC1−xNx) kernels from gel-derived urania-carbon microspheres. Primarily, three sequences of gases were used, N2 ...to N2–4%H2 to Ar, Ar to N2 to Ar, and Ar–4%H2 to N2–4%H2 to Ar–4%H2. Physical and chemical characteristics such as geometrical density, phase purity, and chemical compositions of the synthesized UC1−xNx were measured. Single-phase kernels were commonly obtained with densities generally ranging from 85% to 93% TD and values of x as high as 0.99. In-depth analysis of the microstrutures of UC1−xNx has been carried out and is discussed with the objective of large batch fabrication of high density UC1−xNx kernels.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is characterized by the complete or partial absence of skin at birth, with 85% of cases of ACC involving the scalp vertex. The etiology of ACC is unclear and appears to ...be multifactorial. We present the case of a 3‐month‐old boy who presented with a diagnosis of non‐scalp ACC affecting approximately 80% of his total body surface area at birth. This case adds to the literature due to the patient's survival beyond the first day of life and his unique and severe distribution of defects, which led to respiratory compromise and required multidisciplinary management.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Determining the correct electronic structure of U3O8 remains a formidable experimental and theoretical challenge. In the low-temperature phase, two crystallographic U sites are separated into a ...distinct 2U(V) +1U(VI) oxidation configuration. At low temperatures, the U(V) sites form a distorted honeycomb lattice, but the U(VI) sit on a triangular sublattice, suggesting potential for magnetic frustration effects. The spin configuration of the unpaired f electrons on the U(V) sites is likely antiferromagnetic (AFM) from susceptibility measurements, but this has not been confirmed. Here, we present a neutron scattering investigation of the structure and dynamics of U3O8 from 1.7 to 600 K. We confirm static AFM ordering onset at between 22 and 25 K, which is present down to at least 1.7 K with AFM peaks corresponding to 0.5 1 1 and 0.5 2 2 in the orthorhombic phase. These measurements rule out static AFM order along the a axis of the Amm2 phase, a configuration previously suggested by theory. Above 100 K a quasielastic scattering channel opens that we speculate arises from a lattice relaxation response to thermally activated electron hopping. This term does not conform to a magnetic form factor, so it is not related to spin relaxations. If correct, this mechanism stabilizes a continuous valence transition from 2U(V) + 1U(VI) in the low-temperature (T < 600 K) orthorhombic phase to the hexagonal phase that contains only one degenerate U site, wherein the U valence can be dynamically stabilized between U(V) ↔ U(VI) by phonon-assisted electron hopping.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
We have isolated low-density, nonadherent, nonphagocytic, HLA-DR+ve cells with the morphology of dendritic cells (DCs) from the cord blood of full-term newborn infants. Relative to adult DCs, cord ...blood DCs were poor stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction when either adult or cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) or T lymphocytes were used as responder cells. In contrast, cord blood T cells and MNCs responded normally to allogeneic adult DCs. Cord blood DCs performed poorly as accessory cells for T-lymphocyte mitogenic responses at suboptimal concentrations of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin A or at optimal concentrations of mitogen and low numbers of DCs. Addition of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) or recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) to cord blood DC-T-cell cultures containing a suboptimal concentration of Con A potentiated the proliferative response. In contrast, rIL-2 and rIFN-gamma exerted little effect on the proliferative response of adult T cells cultured with Con A and DCs. Flow cytometric studies showed that levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I HLA-ABC and class II HLA-DR antigens on cord blood DCs were significantly lower than those on adult blood DCs. These findings suggest that the relative inefficiency of cord blood DCs in the activation of T cells may be related to their low cell surface expression of MHC and cell adhesion molecules. The demonstrated impairment of cord blood DC function could be of importance in understanding the immunologic relationship between the fetus and mother and could contribute to the susceptibility of newborns to infection.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Tapasin has been proposed to function as a peptide editor to displace lower affinity peptides and/or to favor the binding of high affinity peptides. Consistent with this, cell surface HLA-B8 ...molecules in tapasin-deficient cells were less stable and the peptide repertoire was substantially altered. However, the binding affinities of peptides expressed in the absence of tapasin were unexpectedly higher, not lower. The peptide repertoire from cells expressing soluble tapasin was similar in both appearance and affinity to that presented in the presence of full-length tapasin, but the HLA-B8 molecules showed altered cell surface stability characteristics. Similarly, the binding affinities of HLA-A*0201-associated peptides from tapasin(+) and tapasin(-) cells were equivalent, although steady state HLA-A*0201 cell surface expression was decreased and the molecules demonstrated reduced cell surface stability on tapasin(-) cells. These data are inconsistent with a role for tapasin as a peptide editor. Instead, we propose that tapasin acts as a peptide facilitator. In this role, it stabilizes the peptide-free conformation of class I MHC molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum and thus increases the number and variety of peptides bound to class I MHC. Full-length tapasin then confers additional stability on class I MHC molecules that are already associated with peptides.
PDF
