To explore the characteristics of Helicobacter pylori resistance in China and the association between antibiotic resistance and several clinical factors.
H. pylori strains were collected from ...patients in 13 provinces or cities in China between 2010 and 2016. Demographic data including type of disease, geographic area, age, gender and isolation year were collected to analyse their association with antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance was detected using the Etest test and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
H. pylori were successfully cultured from 1117 patients. The prevalence of metronidazole, clarithromycin (CLA), azithromycin, levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin, amoxicillin (AMO), tetracycline and rifampicin resistance was 78.2, 22.1, 23.3, 19.2, 17.2, 3.4, 1.9 and 1.5%, respectively. No resistance to furazolidone was observed. The resistance rates to LEV and moxifloxacin were higher in strains isolated from patients with gastritis compared to those with duodenal ulcer and among women. Compared to patients ≥40 years old, younger patients exhibited lower resistance rates to CLA, azithromycin, LEV and moxifloxacin. The resistance rates to CLA and AMO were higher in strains isolated more recently, and we also found that the prevalence of resistance to metronidazole, CLA, azithromycin and AMO were significantly different among different regions of China.
The resistance rates to metronidazole, CLA and LEV were high in China. Patient age, gender, disease and location were associated with the resistance of H. pylori to some antibiotics. Furazolidone, AMO and tetracycline are better choices for H. pylori treatment in China.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Galeruca daurica (Joannis) is a new outbreak pest in the Inner Mongolia grasslands in northern China. Heat shock protein 10 and 60 (Hsp10 and Hsp60) genes of G. daurica, designated as GdHsp10 and ...GdHsp60, were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques. Sequence analysis showed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 encoded polypeptides of 104 and 573 amino acids, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis clearly revealed that the amino acids of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 had high homology and were clustered with other Hsp10 and Hsp60 genes in insects which are highly relative with G. daurica based on morphologic taxonomy. The mRNA expression analysis by real-time PCR revealed that GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 were expressed at all development stages and in all tissues examined, but expressed highest in eggs and in adults' abdomen; both heat and cold stresses could induce mRNA expression of GdHsp10 and GdHsp60 in the 2nd instar larvae; the two Hsp genes were expressed from high to low with the extension of treatment time in G. daurica eggs exposed to freezing point. Overall, our study provides useful information to understand temperature stress responses of Hsp60 and Hsp10 in G. daurica, and provides a basis to further study functions of Hsp60/Hsp10 relative to thermotolerance and cold hardiness mechanism.
Organizations and other groups often recognize the importance of members treating each other in a fair (dignified, unbiased) manner. This type of treatment is key to fostering individuals' sense of ...belonging in the group. However, while a sense of belonging is important, individuals also need to be shown that they have some distinct value to the group-enabling them to not only "fit in" but also "stand out." Building from research on fair treatment, we explicate another form, distinctive treatment, whereby others show interest and appreciation for an individual's more distinguishing, group-relevant qualities. In six studies using multiple methods (e.g., experimental, longitudinal) and in multiple types of groups (work organizations, student communities, racial/ethnic minority groups), we show that fair and distinctive treatment play fundamentally different roles-shaping individuals' perceived belonging versus intragroup standing, respectively-and with downstream benefits for mental health (less anxiety, fewer depressive symptoms). Overall, this illustrates that promoting fair treatment in groups is important, but not sufficient. Experiencing distinctive treatment is also key. Each type of treatment provides unique social evaluative information that fosters a healthy sense of self. This research further indicates that distinctive treatment may be a vital yet overlooked element to promoting diversity and inclusion in groups, as it provides a path for recognizing and appreciating, and thus encouraging, a diversity of ideas, insights, knowledge and skills that individuals bring to the group.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
AbstractBamboo is increasingly recognized for its potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable building material, but the knowledge of its combustion properties and the safety of bamboo ...building construction are very limited. In this study, experiments were conducted to obtain the combustion behaviors of glue-laminated bamboo (GluBam or glubam) boards by using a cone calorimeter. The tests were carried out at five levels of heat flux: 15, 25, 35, 50, and 70 kW/m2. The measured results are compared with those of fir plywood. Glubam generally behaves better than plywood under the same heat flux. A further comparison of the investigation in this study with some measured results in published papers indicates that glubam is less flammable than the laminated bamboo materials and several wood species. The fire safety assessment of glubam is also studied based on fire hazard indices, the charring rate, and fire endurance time. From flammability considerations, glubam has the potential as a substitute for untreated plywood in structural and lining applications and should further be evaluated according to building codes to define its end-use.
•Impact between a uniform elastic rod and a linear elastic or bilinear inelastic spring supported by a fix rigid wall is studied.•The spring may represent, e.g., the stiffness of a small elastic ...cylinder with flat ends or the inelastic bit-rock interaction in percussive drilling.•Acceleration of the rod to its impact momentum by a force generates pre-impact waves in the rod.•Such waves have significant effect on the coefficient of restitution (COR) if the duration of the force is short relative to the wave transit time through the rod.•A mechanism leading to super rebounds with COR up to 1.4261 is described in terms of pre-impact waves.
The effect of pre-impact waves on the coefficient of restitution (COR) in longitudinal impact of a uniform elastic rod on a linear elastic or bilinear inelastic spring supported by a fix rigid wall is studied. The spring models may represent the quasi-static response of, e.g., a small elastic cylinder or the inelastic bit-rock interaction in percussive drilling. The rod is accelerated to its impact momentum either by a force of relatively short duration which generates significant pre-impact waves in the rod (pre-impact wave case) or by a force of long duration which does not generate such waves (reference case). Analytical and numerical results based on the 1D wave equation are presented in dimensionless form. It is shown that the work performed by the accelerating force is much larger in the pre-impact wave case than in the reference case, and that the COR generally depends on spring stiffness, elasticity parameter, initial rod-spring separation, and wave transit time. In the pre-impact wave case, the COR may be significantly larger or smaller than in the reference case. It may also be significantly larger or smaller than unity. A pre-impact wave mechanism leading to super rebounds with COR up to 1.4261 is described.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Using the Andersen behavioral model, we examined the complex relationships among geographic access to care, financial disadvantage, patient-centered care factors, and access to care outcomes.
This ...was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of the US civilian non-institutionalized population.
Our analytic sample included 15,787 US adults aged 18 years or older who had health insurance coverage for a full year in Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2014–2015. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the associations among usual source of care, travel time to provider, financial disadvantage, patient-centered care factors (perceived interaction with health provider, shared decision-making, and value of health care), and access to care (perceived access to care and unmet need of health services).
Our analysis showed that patient-centered care factors were associated with improved perceived access to care (β = 0.03 to 0.56, P = .002) and reduced unmet needs of health care (β = −0.03 to −0.17, P = .03 to < .001). Although longer travel time to provider and having financial disadvantage of paying medical bills had negative effects on access to care outcomes, these associations were mediated by patient-centered care quality factors.
Our findings suggest that better patient-centered care factors are associated with enhanced patient access to care. Efforts that focus on improving patient experience could be an effective approach along with coverage expansion to enhance access to quality care.
•Under the Affordable Care Act, considerable disparities in access to care still exist in the US.•Having health insurance may not guarantee the use of needed health services.•Patient-centered care factors were associated with better patient experience with care.•These associations, in turn, had positive effects on continuity of care or receipt of needed health services.•Improving patient experience could be effective to enhance access to quality care.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Percussive top-hammer drilling with biconvex force-penetration relation (FPR) is studied.•The maximal penetration decreases and the maximal force increases with increasing convexity.•With increasing ...convexity, the maximal efficiency decreases and occurs for shorter hammers.•Bit designs that lead to strong convexity are disadvantageous with respect to efficiency.•Use of a bilinear approximation of a biconvex FPR leads to accurate prediction of the position of the maximum in efficiency.
Because of variability of the force vs. penetration relationship (FPR) from one blow to another in percussive drilling, and difficulty to predict FPRs under such conditions, use is commonly made of simple FPR models, such as the bilinear one defined by its loading/unloading slopes. Here a biconvex model with an added parameter representing convexity is considered. One aim is to study the effect of convexity on maximal penetration, maximal force and efficiency. Another is to assess, with the biconvex FPR as an example, how well a bilinear FPR can be used to approximate one that is nonlinear. A simple percussive top-hammer drill model is considered, comprising a hammer, a drill rod and a bit with the same characteristic impedance. The maximal penetration is found to decrease and the maximal force to increase with increasing convexity. The efficiency has a maximum for a finite hammer length (incident wave duration), and the highest maximal efficiency is obtained for a linear FPR. With increasing convexity, the maximal efficiency decreases and occurs for shorter hammers (incident waves). The bilinear approximation of a biconvex FPR accurately predicts the position of the maximum in efficiency, even for large convexity, but somewhat overestimates its height and width.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract Osthole, a bioactive simple coumarin derivative extracted from many medicinal plants such as Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, exerts a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities and is ...considered to have potential therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective role of osthole against ischemic injury in vitro , as well as the potential mechanism. Cultured cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h followed by a 24 h reperfusion. Osthole exhibited remarkable neuroprotection in a dose-dependent manner and the effect required presence of osthole during both OGD and reperfusion phases. Western blot was used to examine the activation of three members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase (p38). We found that osthole prolonged activation of ERK1/2 and prevented activation of JNK. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of MAPKs inhibitors on osthole-induced protection. The results demonstrated that the protection of osthole was partly reversed by PD98059, a selective inhibitor of ERK1/2, but further enhanced by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, osthole-induced reduction of neuronal apoptosis was abrogated by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, whereas the total neuronal death was further decreased by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In summary, these data suggested that osthole had neuroprotective effect against ischemic injury in vitro , and the protection possibly was associated with prolonged activation of ERK1/2 and suppression of JNK activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The soft and hard tissue healing of open wounds in immediate implant placement are yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of open wound healing using reactive ...soft tissue (RST) and absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). Forty implants placed immediately in posterior sockets were included; autologous RST was used in 20 and ACS substitute was used in 20. Soft tissue healing was primarily assessed through a novel scoring system and the evaluation of gingival recession. The horizontal bone width (HBW) and interproximal marginal bone level (MBL) were measured on radiographs to observe the hard tissue healing. No significant difference in total soft tissue healing score was observed at 2 weeks postoperatively. Notably, the ACS group showed better tissue colour (P = 0.016) but worse fibrous repair (P = 0.043) scores than the RST group. Gingival recession levels were comparable in the two groups, both before tooth extraction and after placement of the restoration. Regarding hard tissue, HBW and MBL changes showed no intergroup differences. Within the limitations of this study, both RST and ACS seemed effective for open wound closure, achieving ideal soft and hard tissue healing in immediate implant placement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this work, the hardness of Ag/Nb/Cu/Nb multilayers with Nb amorphous interlayer were investigated as the individual layer thickness of Ag or Cu (hAg or hCu) varies from 5 to 120 nm. The hardness ...values of Ag/Nb/Cu/Nb multilayers improve a lot compared with those of the Ag/Cu multilayers and the length scale effect of strengthening becomes broadening in the range of 5–60 nm. At hAg = 60 nm, the hardness remains high and reaches 95% of the maximum hardness of hAg = 5 nm. The enhancement can be contributed to the modulus mismatch and the crystal/amorphous interfaces (CAIs) due to the addition of Nb amorphous interlayer. These CAIs can both increase resistance of dislocations transmission and inhibit the deformation of the amorphous layer.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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