This study was conducted to prepare novel azomethine chelates of Cu(II), Pd(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) with tridentate dianionic azomethine OVAP ligand 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenylimino)methyl‐6‐methoxyphenol. ...The prepared compounds were characterized using elemental analyses and spectral, conductivity, magnetic and thermal measurements. The spectroscopic data suggest that the parent azomethine ligand binds to the investigated metal ions through both deprotonated phenol oxygen and azomethine nitrogen atoms, and adopts distorted octahedral geometry in the case of Cr(III) and Cu(II) ions while tetrahedral and square planar geometries for Zn(II) and Pd(II) ions, respectively. In order to confirm the molecular geometry of the investigated azomethine chelator and its complexes, theoretical density functional theory calculations were employed. Correlation between experimental observations and theoretical calculations of geometry optimization results are in a good agreement. Absorption titration was used to explore the interaction of the investigated azomethine metal chelates with calf thymus DNA, and the binding constant as well as Gibbs free energy were evaluated. Viscosity measurements and gel electrophoresis studies suggest intercalative and replacement binding modes of the azomethine metal chelates with calf thymus DNA. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the complexes was screened against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This biological study shows that the complexes exhibit a marked inhibitory effect compared to the corresponding ligand and standard drugs. Furthermore, the effect of the novel compounds as antioxidants was determined by reduction of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and compared with that of vitamin C. Finally, in vitro cell proliferation via MTT assay was investigated against colon carcinoma cells (HCT‐116), hepatic cellular carcinoma cells (HepG‐2(and breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7) to calculate the cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds. Cell proliferation is inhibited for all compounds and in a dose‐dependent manner in the sequence of OVAPPd > OVAPCu > OVAPZn > OVAPCr > OVAP azomethine ligand.
Some new complexes derived from Cu(II),Pd(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) ions and OVAP azomethine ligand have been preparedand their structures were elucidated via different physical andanalytical tools. Moreover, the prepared complexes were checkedfor their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities and the resultsindicate that the metal complexes exhibit a stronger biological efficiencycompared to their corresponding azomethine ligand. Furthermore,the interaction of the complexes with CT‐DNA were investigated using viscosity,gel electrophoreses and spectral studiesestimations.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Three commercial resins bearing sulfonic, amino phosphonic, or phosphonic/sulfonic reactive groups have been tested for the removal of iron and cadmium from phosphoric acid solutions. The sorption ...properties are compared for different experimental conditions such as sorbent dosage (0.5–2.5 g L
−1
), phosphoric acid concentration (from bi-component solutions, 0.25–2 M), and metal concentrations (i.e., in the range 0.27–2.7 mmol Cd L
−
1
and 0.54 mmol Fe L
−1
) with a special attention paid to the impact of the type of reactive groups held on the resins. The sulfonic-based resin (MTC1600H) is more selective for Cd (against Fe), especially at high phosphoric acid concentration and low sorbent dosage, while MTS9500 (aminophosphonic resin) is more selective for Fe removal (regardless of acid concentration and sorbent dosage). Equilibrium is reached within 2–4 h. The resins can be ranked in terms of cumulative sorption capacities according the series: MTC1600H > MTS9570 > MTS 9500. Sulfuric acid (0.5–1 M) can be efficiently used for the desorption of both iron and cadmium for MTC1600H, while for MTS9570 (phosphonic/sulfonic resin) sulfuric acid correctly desorbs Cd (above 96% at 1 M concentration), contrary to Fe (less than 30%). The aminophosphonic resin shows much poorer efficiency in terms of desorption. The sulfonic resin (i.e., MTC1600H) shows much higher sorption capacity, better selectivity, comparable uptake kinetics (about 2 h equilibrium time), and better metal desorption ability (higher than 98% with 1 M acid concentration, regardless of the type of acid). This conclusion is confirmed by the comparison of removal properties in the treatment of different types of industrial phosphoric acid solutions (crude, and pre-treated H
3
PO
4
solutions). The three resins are inefficient for the treatment of crude phosphoric acid, and activated charcoal pre-treatment (MTC1600H reduced cadmium content by 77%). However, MTC1600H allows removing over 93% of Fe and Cd for H
3
PO
4
pre-treated by TBP solvent extraction, while the others show much lower efficiencies (< 53%).
OBJECTIVES:Tracheostomy is a very common clinical intervention in critically ill adult patients. The indications for tracheostomy procedures in pediatric patients with complex conditions have ...increased dramatically in recent years, but there are currently no guidelines on the optimal timing of tracheostomy in pediatric patients undergoing prolonged ventilation.
DATA SOURCES:We performed a systematic search of the existing literature in MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials, observational studies, and cohort studies that compare early and late tracheostomy in children. The date of the last search was August 27, 2018. Included articles were subjected to manual searching.
STUDY SELECTION:Studies in mechanically ventilated children that compared early with late tracheostomy were included.
DATA EXTRACTION:Data were extracted into a spreadsheet and copied into Review Manager 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark).
DATA SYNTHESIS:Data were meta-analyzed using an inverse variance, random effects model. Continuous outcomes were calculated as mean differences with 95% CIs, and dichotomous outcomes were calculated as Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios with 95% CIs. We included eight studies (10 study arms). These studies were all retrospective cohort studies. Early tracheostomy was associated with significant reductions in mortality, days on mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care and total hospital stay, although the lack of randomized, controlled trials limits the validity of these findings. Although variance was imputed for some studies, these conclusions did not change after removing these studies from the analysis.
CONCLUSIONS:In children on mechanical ventilation, early tracheostomy may improve important medical outcomes. However, our data demonstrate the urgent need for high-quality, randomized controlled trials in the pediatric population.
Dietary cinnamon has several bioactive compounds with growth-promoting and immunomodulation potential and is suggested for finfish species. This study evaluated the inclusion of cinnamon at 0, 10, ...15, and 20 g/kg in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. After 90 days, the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and the lowest feed conversion ratio were seen in fish treated with 10 g/kg (p < 0.05). Further, the measured growth hormone in the blood indicated that fish treated with 10 g/kg had a higher level than fish 0 and 20 g/kg. After the feeding trial, fish treated with cinnamon at varying levels had higher lipid content than fish before the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Lower Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform counts were observed in fish treated with cinnamon than fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). The hematocrit level was markedly (p < 0.05) increased in fish fed cinnamon at 10 g/kg compared to the control without significant differences with fish fed 15 and 20 g/kg. Hemoglobin was significantly increased in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, 15, and 20 g/kg compared to fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). Red and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were meaningfully (p < 0.05) increased in fish treated with cinnamon compared with the control. Markedly, fish treated with cinnamon had higher serum total lipids than the control with the highest value in fish treated with 15 g/kg (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity was markedly higher in fish treated with 15 g cinnamon/kg than fish fed 0, 10, and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). Moreover, phagocytic activity was significantly higher in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, and 15 g/kg than fish fed 0 and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary cinnamon is suggested at 10–15 g/kg for achieving the high production and wellbeing of European sea bass.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Placenta accreta has been described as a spectrum of abnormal attachment of villous tissue to the uterine wall, ranging from superficial attachment to the inner myometrium without interposing decidua ...to transmural invasion through the entire uterine wall and beyond. These descriptions have prevailed for more than 50 years and form the basis for the diagnosis and grading of accreta placentation. Accreta placentation is essentially the consequence of uterine remodeling after surgery, primarily after cesarean delivery. Large cesarean scar defects in the lower uterine segment are associated with failure of normal decidualization and loss of the subdecidual myometrium. These changes allow the placental anchoring villi to implant, and extravillous trophoblast cells to migrate, close to the serosal surface of the uterus. These microscopic features are central to the misconception that the accreta placental villous tissue is excessively invasive and have led to much confusion and heterogeneity in clinical data. Progressive recruitment of large arteries in the uterine wall, that is, helicine, arcuate, and/or radial arteries, results in high-velocity maternal blood entering the intervillous space from the first trimester of pregnancy and subsequent formation of placental lacunae. Recently, guided sampling of accreta areas at delivery has enabled accurate correlation of prenatal imaging data with intraoperative features and histopathologic findings. In more than 70% of samples, there were thick fibrinoid depositions between the tip of most anchoring villi and the underlying uterine wall and around all deeply implanted villi. The distortion of the uteroplacental interface by these dense depositions and the loss of the normal plane of separation are the main factors leading to abnormal placental attachment. These data challenged the classical concept that placenta accreta is simply owing to villous tissue sitting atop the superficial myometrium without interposed decidua. Moreover, there is no evidence in accreta placentation that the extravillous trophoblast is abnormally invasive or that villous tissue can cross the uterine serosa into the pelvis. It is the size of the scar defect, the amount of placental tissue developing inside the scar, and the residual myometrial thickness in the scar area that determine the distance between the placental basal plate and the uterine serosa and thus the risk of accreta placentation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nano-ZnO and Co–ZnO supported algae (
Sargassum
species) were synthesized as a novel composite of promising photocatalytic activities in decolorization of malachite green dye under a visible light ...source. The composites were characterized by different analytical techniques, and the results confirmed the loading process and the formation of composites of low band gap energies for ZnO/algae composite (2.45 eV) and Co–ZnO/algae composite (2.32 eV). The composites were used as photocatalysts for the rapid degradation of malachite green dye (MG) within the visible light zone. The synthetic catalysts showed stunning photocatalytic activities reflected in the complete degradation of 5 mg/L of MG after 10 min using 0.06 g of ZnO/algae and 0.05 g of Co–ZnO/algae at pH 7. Also, the studied composites showed high efficiency in the degradation of higher MG concentration (10 mg/L and 15 mg/L). The photocatalytic performances were enhanced by 58% for ZnO/algae and about 75% for Co–ZnO/algae as compared to pure ZnO without support. Moreover, they have high reusability properties and are applied effectively in seven cycles of MG degradation reusing tests. The active species trapping tests reflected the dominance of the electron–hole pairs in the visible light degradation of MG by ZnO/algae. For Co–ZnO/algae composite, the degradation mechanism appears to be controlled by both the electron–hole pairs and hydroxyl radicals with a similar effect.
Graphic abstract
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Tracheostomy is a very common clinical intervention in critically ill adult patients. The indications for tracheostomy procedures in pediatric patients with complex conditions have increased ...dramatically in recent years, but there are currently no guidelines on the optimal timing of tracheostomy in pediatric patients undergoing prolonged ventilation.
We performed a systematic search of the existing literature in MEDLINE via PubMed and Embase databases and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials, observational studies, and cohort studies that compare early and late tracheostomy in children. The date of the last search was August 27, 2018. Included articles were subjected to manual searching.
Studies in mechanically ventilated children that compared early with late tracheostomy were included.
Data were extracted into a spreadsheet and copied into Review Manager 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark).
Data were meta-analyzed using an inverse variance, random effects model. Continuous outcomes were calculated as mean differences with 95% CIs, and dichotomous outcomes were calculated as Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios with 95% CIs. We included eight studies (10 study arms). These studies were all retrospective cohort studies. Early tracheostomy was associated with significant reductions in mortality, days on mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care and total hospital stay, although the lack of randomized, controlled trials limits the validity of these findings. Although variance was imputed for some studies, these conclusions did not change after removing these studies from the analysis.
In children on mechanical ventilation, early tracheostomy may improve important medical outcomes. However, our data demonstrate the urgent need for high-quality, randomized controlled trials in the pediatric population.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating illness with limited therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD and explore the ...potential neuroprotective effects of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, in an animal model of aluminum-induced AD. Rats were divided into nine groups: control, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) alone, AlCl3 with cocoa alone, AlCl3 with vinpocetine (VIN), AlCl3 with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), AlCl3 with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), AlCl3 with wheatgrass (WG), AlCl3 with vitamin (Vit) B complex, and AlCl3 with a combination of Vit C, Vit E, and selenium (Se). The animals were treated for five weeks, and we assessed behavioral, histopathological, and biochemical changes, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. AlCl3 administration induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and downregulation of cellular antioxidants (Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, and TAC). AlCl3 also upregulated inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α and IL-1β) and GSK-3β, leading to increased tau phosphorylation, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, AlCl3 intensified C/EBP, p-PERK, GRP-78, and CHOP, indicating sustained ER stress, and decreased Beclin-1 and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions. These alterations contributed to the observed behavioral and histological changes in the AlCl3-induced AD model. Administration of cocoa, either alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals, particularly VIN or EGCG, demonstrated remarkable amelioration of all assessed parameters. The combination of cocoa with nutraceuticals attenuated the AD-mediated deterioration by modulating interrelated pathophysiological pathways, including inflammation, antioxidant responses, GSK-3β-Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ER stress, and apoptosis. These findings provide insights into the intricate pathogenesis of AD and highlight the neuroprotective effects of nutraceuticals through multiple signaling pathways.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This research aimed to enhance the nutritional and sensory qualities of Balady bread by adding locally Egyptian buckwheat flours, Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) and Fagopyrum tataricum (FT), to Hard Wheat ...Flour (HWF) 82% extraction at three levels (10%, 20%, and 30%). The chemical composition, rheological properties, color, sensory evaluation and stalling of the balady bread were determined. The chemical composition of raw materials revealed that FE was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in protein and fat contents compared to HWF and FT. While FT was higher in fiber and ash contents. The findings show that a 30% replacement with FE or FT significantly enhances the bread's nutritional profile, notably increasing protein, fiber, ash, and moisture content. Rheological analysis revealed that FE and FT alter dough handling, with a notable improvement in dough stability and mixing tolerance at 30% FT. Sensory evaluation indicated acceptable qualities even at higher substitution levels, although 30% FE showed slight declines in certain attributes. Furthermore, bread supplemented with 30% FT demonstrated slower staling and potentially extended shelf life. These results highlight the potential of FE and FT as nutritional enhancers in bread formulations, with 30% FT emerging as the optimal replacement level for balancing nutritional benefits and sensory acceptance.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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