The continued US military presence for nearly eighty years in South Korea has produced militarized landscapes of postcoloniality in South Korea. Here, militarized landscapes denote both official ...American military camps and their vernacular camptowns (kijich'on) as well as social-cultural expressions affected by this spatial militarization, such as the former camptown women’s experiences. As the contours of these militarized borderlands are shifting today with the consolidating of the American military footprint in South Korea, this study seeks to connect these contemporary manifestations with their historical developments. In so doing, it hopes to contribute to what Homi Bhabha conceptualizes as “re-membering”－ “a putting together of the dismembered past to make sense of the trauma of the present.” While camps are becoming even more insulated Americanized spaces and the once marginalized camptowns are caught in a liminal stride toward internationalism, this study examines how these borderlands, which had not only embodied Korea’s coloniality but also catalyzed changes in the greater bilateral relations, are “re-membered.” It then discusses how former kijich'on women and civic organizations that constitute the “Camptown Women’s Human Rights Coalition” are at the forefront of this postcolonial “re-membering.” Through the subjectivity-formation and trans-border activism of those once rendered voiceless victims sacrificed by the state, the former camptown women themselves have demonstrated how they are the main agents of their own historical integration. Their re-membering, moreover, contributes to bringing to the national center the marginalized history of Korea’s militarized landscapes in Pax Americana, which in turn forces us to re-member our shared postcolonial trauma.
The hovering Bando Hotel in central Seoul, built by a Japanese industrial mogul in 1938, enjoyed notoriety as a key landmark in the capital cityscape for thirtysome years. The Bando also occupied ...political and cultural centerstage, visually signifying Japan's colonial modernity during its foundational years, followed by representing a political nerve center for both the American military occupation (1945–1948) in southern Korea and the postwar Syngman Rhee regime throughout the 1950s. This study examines the Bando Hotel as an ensconced space of political power and Cold War internationalism in Seoul, under Rhee's postwar translation of the hotel from its Japanese foundation into Americanism from 1954 to 1960. Reflecting Rhee's desires to be intimately integrated into the Americanled Free Asia, the Bando Hotel embodied American modernity and Cold War cosmopolitanism. This spatial and symbolic transformation, however, was more superficial than actual, much like Rhee's precarious and fraught support from the United States; despite his attempt to control and project this exclusive space of power and Americanism, the emblematic significance of this spatial facade also diffused following Rhee's fall from power. The spatial history of the Bando encapsulated the interpenetrating desires and failures of his regime.
Surface-modified carbon nanotubes were utilized as a coating for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) via a mechano-fusion method as a strategy to prevent unfavorable carbothermal reduction. Two types of carbon ...nanotubes were investigated as coating materials: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs), which were prepared by a simple re-oxidation process. The samples coated with CNTs or OCNTs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The OCNT-coated LNMO presented a highly enhanced discharge capacity retention (95.5%) and a coulombic efficiency of 99.9% after 80 cycles between 3.5 and 4.9 V (versus Li/Li+), whereas the CNT-coated LNMO exhibited poor retention of 47.2% and a coulombic efficiency of 95.3%. In addition, post-mortem XPS and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis proved that the OCNT coating improved the surface electrochemical stability and rate capability, whereas the CNT coating formed a thick resistive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film by accelerating the surface side reactions.
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•Carbon coating on oxide cathode by physical process detouring carbothermal reduction.•Multi-functional CNT coating for high power and long cycle life for batteries.•Surface modified CNTs especially for high voltage cathode, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.•Pre-oxidized CNT coating highly improves coulombic efficiency without side reaction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The Yongsan Garrison, which has housed foreign troops in the central cityscape of Seoul since the late 19th century, is to be returned and reintegrated into the greater Seoul Metropolitan City in ...2018, once the United States Forces in Korea (USFK) moves to its new headquarters located southwest of the capital. Prior to the current transition, the Yongsan landscape underwent two previous transformations: first, the construction of the foreign military base (1904–1908) and its occupancy by the Japanese Imperial Army; and second, the conversion from a Japanese imperial center to an American Cold War headquarters. This study historicizes the second transfiguration by examining the “transitional” process through which the U.S. military “rehabilitated” Yongsan landscape during the early Cold War period, from 1945 through the late 1960s. In Yongsan, the militarized landscape and its coloniality are evident in the “Americanism” built atop the remnants of the Japanese imperial space. This particular militarized landscape encompassed the dominant Americanism expressed in the hybridized built-structures and the Little Americas constructed within the garrison and in the vernacular landscapes of camptowns that functioned as inter-dependent extensions of the camps. The Americanism engendered in this militarized landscape represented both the lure of the materialism and the American modern of camps as well as its coloniality reinforced in the racially stratified, gendered and sexualized,and highly temporary and ultimately dispensable spaces of camptowns.
In this study, titanium isopropoxide (TIPP) was employed as a binder for low-temperature processed photoanode of a flexible dye sensitized solar cell. The coating paste for dip-coating method was ...prepared comprising commercially available TiO
2
nanoparticles, TIPP and small amount of water. Effect of binder addition was compared at three different TIPP to TiO
2
nanoparticle molar ratios; 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3. By adding TIPP molecules directly to the coating paste, flexible photoanodes were successfully prepared. An optimum TIPP to TiO
2
particle ratio was selected considering the particle dispersion stability in the paste and the microstructure of prepared photoanode. The photoanode prepared using the paste with optimized composition showed highest photoconversion efficiency of 1.96 % from a unit cell.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
As the largest contingent of Americans in postwar South Korea, the G.I. best represented the United States' Cold War objectives. Their deployment was an emblem of hard power containment, but the G.I. ...also embodied soft power integration, and through both, G.I.s helped to promote Pax Americana. This article focuses on the militarized masculinity of these ambassadors of America and their people-to-people diplomacy in South Korea between 1954 and 1966. These American G.I.s constructed their militarized masculinity vis-à-vis the Korean male Other, their "lesser" counterparts - the hapless houseboy, the inferior partner soldier, and the menacing slicky boy. At the same time, this liberal imperialism did not go uncontested. Violent imaginaries of the American G.I. from the borderlands were used by Koreans to demand a new bilateral framework - the Status of Forces Agreement in 1966 - to replace the outmoded wartime extraterritorial jurisdiction wielded by the American military after cessation of hostilities on the Korean peninsula in 1953. The militarized masculinity practiced in everyday encounters, thus, became the basis of a critique of American liberal imperialism in one of the United States closest Cold War "brother" nations.
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In this work, we simply fabricate a novel expanded sandwich-like heterostructure of iron-phosphide nanosheets in between reduced graphene oxide (expanded FeP NSs@rGO) with a high ratio of FeP/Fe-PO
...and an expanded structure
a charge-driven self-assembly method by exploiting polystyrene beads (PSBs) as a sacrificial template. In such a design, even after the decomposition of PSBs during the annealing process, the PSBs successfully provide ample space between the nanosheets, enabling a structure with long-term stability and high ionic conductivity. Importantly, the PSBs are decomposed and simultaneously reacted with oxidized iron-phosphide (Fe-PO
) on the surface of the nanosheets to reduce into FeP. As a result, the expanded FeP NSs@rGO results in a high content of FeP (52.3%) and remarkable electrochemical performances when it is used for sodium-ion battery anodes. The expanded FeP NSs@rGO exhibits a high capacity of 916.1 mA h g
at 0.1 A g
, a superior rate capability of 440.9 mA h g
at 5 A g
, and a long-term cycling stability of 85.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g
. In addition, the full cell also exhibits excellent capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability. This study clearly demonstrates that an increase in FeP proportion is directly related to an increase in capacity. This facile method of synthesizing rationally designed heterostructures is expected to provide a novel strategy to create nanostructures for advanced energy storage applications.
In this work, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) derived carbon and reduced graphene oxide co-supported lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) nanocomposite was prepared by thoroughly mixing CNF with LFP ...first, followed by mixing again with graphene oxide (GO) to make well dispersed LFP nanoparticles anchored on graphene oxide, finally heating under an inert atmosphere. The ultrathin CNF was used as not only a carbon source but also an adhesive agent which can attach the LFP nanoparticles to the graphene sheets. The LFP nanoparticles were tightly attached to graphene sheets due to the hydrogen bond between GO and CNF. This nanocomposite exhibited good rate performance (discharge capacity of 168.9 mA h g−1 at 0.1C, and 90.3 mA h g−1 at 60C) and long-term cycle stability (~ 91.5% of initial capacity at 10C after 500 cycles) as cathode material for LIBs. The good rate and cycling performances could be attributed to the well-connected electron pathway derived from strongly adhering the LFP nanoparticles to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the facilitate electron transportation derived from carbonized CNF (cCNF) conductive network. The introduction of cCNF to LFP/rGO nanocomposite can be a promising strategy for further improve the performance of LFP cathode in LIBs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
There is a growing need to improve the electrical conductivity of the cathode and to suppress the rapid capacity decay during cycling in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. This can be achieved by ...developing facile methods for the synthesis of novel nanostructured carbon materials that can function as effective cathode hosts. In this Article, we report the scalable synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon nanosheets (OMCNS) via the etching of self-assembled iron oxide/carbon hybrid nanosheets (IO–C NS), which serve as an advanced sulfur host for Li–S batteries. The obtained two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have close-packed uniform cubic mesopores of ∼20 nm side length, and the gap between the pores is ∼4 nm, which resembles the honeycomb structure consisting of an ordered array of hexagonal pores. We loaded OMCNS with sulfur by a simple melting infusion process and evaluated the performance of the resulting OMCNS–sulfur composites as the cathode material. As a result, the sulfur-loaded OMCNS hybrid (OMCNS–S) electrode infiltrated with 70 wt % sulfur delivers a high and stable reversible capacity of 505.7 mA h g–1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C-rate with excellent capacity retention (a decay of 0.081% per cycle) and excellent rate capability (580.6 mA h g–1 at a high current density of 2 C). The improved electrochemical properties could be attributed to the fact that the uniform cubic mesopores offer sufficient space for the volume expansion of sulfur inside them and therefore trap the polysulfides during the charging–discharging process. Therefore, these unique structured carbon nanosheets can be promising candidates for other energy-storage applications.
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