The genus
(Apiaceae) comprises valuable herbal medicines. In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast (CP) genome sequence of
and compared it with that of
(GenBank accession no. NC039760). ...The CP genomes of
and
were 148,430 and 147,127 bp in length, respectively, with 37.6% GC content. Both CP genomes harbored 113 unique functional genes, including 79 protein-coding, four rRNA, and 30 tRNA genes. Comparative analysis of the two CP genomes revealed conserved genome structure, gene content, and gene order. However, highly variable regions, sufficient to distinguish between
and
, were identified in hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame1 (
) and
genic regions. Nucleotide diversity (
) analysis indicated that
⁻chloroplast envelope membrane protein (
) intergenic region was highly variable between the two species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that
and
were well clustered at family Apiaceae. The
-
intergenic region in
carried a 418 bp deletion compared with
. This region was used for the development of a novel indel marker, LYCE, which successfully discriminated between
and
accessions. Our results provide important taxonomic and phylogenetic information on herbal medicines and facilitate their authentication using the indel marker.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Recent studies have reported improved diastolic function in patients administered sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). We aimed to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on ...left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in a diabetic animal model and to determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its function. Methods A total of 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into control, diabetes, or diabetes+dapagliflozin groups (n = 10/per each group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous alloxan. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. Myocardial samples were obtained for histologic and molecular evaluation. For cellular evaluation, fibrosis-induced cardiomyoblast (H9C2) cells were obtained, and transfection was performed for mechanism analysis (serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) signaling analysis). Results The diabetes+dapagliflozin group showed attenuation of diastolic dysfunction compared with the diabetes group. Dapagliflozin inhibited myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of SGK1 and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) protein, which was observed both in myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells. In addition, dapagliflozin showed an anti-inflammatory effect and ameliorated mitochondrial disruption. Inhibition of SGK1 expression by siRNA decreased and ENaC and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) expression was confirmed as significantly reduced as siSGK1 in the diabetes+dapagliflozin group. Conclusions Dapagliflozin attenuated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis via regulation of SGK1 signaling. Dapagliflozin also reduced macrophages and inflammatory proteins and ameliorated mitochondrial disruption. Keywords: Heart failure, Diabetes mellitus, Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, Left ventricular diastolic function
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Human skin is the largest organ and serves as the first line of defense against environmental factors. The human microbiota is defined as the total microbial community that coexists in the human ...body, while the microbiome refers to the collective genome of these microorganisms. Skin microbes do not simply reside on the skin but interact with the skin in a variety of ways, significantly affecting the skin barrier function. Here, we discuss recent insights into the symbiotic relationships between the microbiome and the skin barrier in physical, chemical, and innate/adaptive immunological ways. We discuss the gut-skin axis that affects skin barrier function. Finally, we examine the effects of microbiome dysbiosis on skin barrier function and the role of these effects in inflammatory skin diseases, such as acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Microbiome cosmetics can help restore skin barrier function and improve these diseases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the recent reillumination of the hydrogen economy around the world, the demand for H2 sensors is expected to increase rapidly. Due to safety issues caused by the highly flammable and explosive ...character of hydrogen gas (H2), it is imperative to develop the sensors that can quickly and sensitively detect H2 leaks. For the development of H2 sensors, Pd‐based materials have been extensively used due to the high affinity of Pd metal for H2. Among Pd‐based H2 sensors, Pd nanogap‐based sensors have been extensively investigated because these sensors can operate in an on–off manner, which enables them to have improved sensing capabilities, including high sensitivity, rapid response, short recovery time, and good reliability. Importantly, significant advances in H2‐sensing performance have been achieved by simply using an elastomeric substrate to form Pd nanogaps. Herein, the progress and advanced approaches achieved over the last decade for Pd nanogap‐based H2 sensors supported on elastomeric substrates are reviewed, with a focus on strategies to reduce detection limits and increase reliability, sensitivity, and stability.
Pd‐nanogap‐based sensors, which operate with a gap opening and closing mechanism, typically have many advantages, such as very high sensitivity and reliability and rapid response, compared to conventional Pd‐based sensors operated by electron scattering mechanisms. The progress and advanced approaches achieved over the last decade for Pd‐nanogap‐based H2 sensors supported on elastomeric substrates are reviewed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To meet the requirements for indoor organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications, it is imperative to minimize charge recombination loss and enhance photovoltaic performance toward commercially compelling ...levels. Here, morphological modification in non‐fullerene blends is demonstrated to boost the efficiency and stability of indoor OPVs. For morphological modification, a ternary blend is devised by utilizing two well‐miscible non‐fullerene acceptors, which improve morphological features in the photoactive layer and suppress charge recombination loss. Morphological modification enhances OPV performance, particularly under low‐intensity indoor irradiation conditions, at which trap‐assisted recombination mainly governs the photovoltaic performance. The optimum ternary OPV shows a new record power conversion efficiency of 30.11% at a 500 lux light‐emitting diode, accompanied by excellent morphological durability under thermal stress, despite the use of “existing” photovoltaic materials designed for AM 1.5 G operation. This study elucidates the effects of morphology on OPV performance under low‐light conditions and suggests an ideal morphology for non‐fullerene OPVs with enhanced performance for indoor applications.
Morphological modification is demonstrated to overcome the efficiency and lifetime limitations in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for low‐light applications. Ternary OPVs employing two well‐miscible non‐fullerene acceptors benefit from morphological optimization, which leads to suppressed charge recombination, and show exceptionally high efficiencies under low‐intensity indoor light irradiation, offering guidance for indoor OPVs to surpass the currently dominant photovoltaic technologies.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, and current treatments include topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic immune modulators, and biologics, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve ...quality of life. However, challenges persist, such as adverse effects, treatment resistance, high costs, and variability in response among individuals. The future of psoriasis treatment shows promising emerging trends. New biologic agents targeting novel pathways, such as interleukin 23 inhibitors like mirikizumab, offer enhanced efficacy. Small molecule inhibitors like RORγt inhibitors and ROCK2 inhibitors provide additional treatment options. Combination therapies, including biologics with methotrexate, may improve treatment response. Advancements in topical treatments utilizing microneedles and nanoparticle-based carriers can enhance drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Biomarkers and multi-omics technologies hold potential for personalized treatment approaches, thus aiding in diagnosis, predicting treatment response, and guiding therapeutic decisions. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and industry stakeholders is crucial to translating these scientific breakthroughs into clinical practice. By addressing current challenges and exploring these promising trends, we can optimize psoriasis management and improve the lives of those affected by this chronic condition.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
To achieve good rate capability of lithium metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries, one fundamental challenge is the slow lithium diffusion at the interface. Here we report an interpenetrated, ...three-dimensional lithium metal/lithium tin alloy nanocomposite foil realized by a simple calendering and folding process of lithium and tin foils, and spontaneous alloying reactions. The strong affinity between the metallic lithium and lithium tin alloy as mixed electronic and ionic conducting networks, and their abundant interfaces enable ultrafast charger diffusion across the entire electrode. We demonstrate that a lithium/lithium tin alloy foil electrode sustains stable lithium stripping/plating under 30 mA cm
and 5 mAh cm
with a very low overpotential of 20 mV for 200 cycles in a commercial carbonate electrolyte. Cycled under 6 C (6.6 mA cm
), a 1.0 mAh cm
LiNi
Co
Mn
O
electrode maintains a substantial 74% of its capacity by pairing with such anode.
Summary
Background
The volume of cerebrospinal fluid can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia and other intrathecal medications.
Aims
The ...objective of this study was to estimate the lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume and thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume using magnetic resonance images in pediatric patients from neonates and infants to adolescents.
Methods
Spinal magnetic resonance images of 500 pediatric patients (age <18 years) were reviewed. The lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes of 418 patients and thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes of 248 patients were measured. The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid volumes and age, height, and weight were evaluated. The lumbosacral and thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes per weight were calculated to elucidate developmental changes.
Results
The lumbosacral and thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes showed linear correlations with height (r2 = 0.730 and r2 = 0.661, respectively), whereas they showed curvilinear correlations with age (r2 = 0.752 and r2 = 0.717, respectively) and weight (r2 = 0.734 and r2 = 0.734, respectively). The mean lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume per weight (mL/kg) was 0.85 (standard deviation SD: 0.19, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.81‐0.90) in neonates and infants, 0.86 (SD: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.83‐0.89) in toddlers and preschoolers, 0.71 (SD: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.76) in schoolers, and 0.54 (SD: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.49‐0.60) in adolescents. The mean thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume per weight (mL/kg) was 1.95 (SD: 0.37, 95% CI: 1.86‐2.04) in neonates and infants, 1.82 (SD: 0.41, 95% CI: 1.75‐1.88) in toddlers and preschoolers, 1.38 (SD: 0.40, 95% CI: 1.23‐1.52) in schoolers, and 0.99 (SD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.45‐1.53) in adolescents.
Conclusion
The lumbosacral and thoracolumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volumes in pediatric patients were much smaller than previously presented values, showing linear correlations with height, and demonstrate curvilinear correlations with age and weight.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
10.
Orbital torque in magnetic bilayers Lee, Dongjoon; Go, Dongwook; Park, Hyeon-Jong ...
Nature communications,
11/2021, Volume:
12, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The orbital Hall effect describes the generation of the orbital current flowing in a perpendicular direction to an external electric field, analogous to the spin Hall effect. As the orbital current ...carries the angular momentum as the spin current does, injection of the orbital current into a ferromagnet can result in torque on the magnetization, which provides a way to detect the orbital Hall effect. With this motivation, we examine the current-induced spin-orbit torques in various ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayers by theory and experiment. Analysis of the magnetic torque reveals the presence of the contribution from the orbital Hall effect in the heavy metal, which competes with the contribution from the spin Hall effect. In particular, we find that the net torque in Ni/Ta bilayers is opposite in sign to the spin Hall theory prediction but instead consistent with the orbital Hall theory, which unambiguously confirms the orbital torque generated by the orbital Hall effect. Our finding opens a possibility of utilizing the orbital current for spintronic device applications, and it will invigorate researches on spin-orbit-coupled phenomena based on orbital engineering.
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