In the film Herstory, directed by K. Min, themes about the "comfort women" issue, regarding apology, reparation and justice are newly interpreted from "our" perspective. As apology and reparations by ...Japan for comfort women became important, Herstory suggests we should reflect on ourselves, whether we are cognizant of the plight of others, and recalls the true meaning of reparations. Also, by emphasizing the survival of comfort women, the film insists that "our" doing of justice requires us to stay engaged with issues surrounding them and to be witnesses for a new way of writing, "herstory."
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BFBNIB, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Three-dimensional light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have received much attention in the field of autonomous navigation owing to their accurate, robust, and rich geometric information. ...Autonomous vehicles are typically equipped with multiple 3D LiDARs because there are many commercially available low-cost 3D LiDARs. Extrinsic calibration of multiple LiDAR sensors is essential in order to obtain consistent geometric information. This paper presents a systematic procedure for the extrinsic calibration of multiple 3D LiDAR sensors using plane objects. At least three independent planes are required within the common field of view of the LiDAR sensors. The planes satisfying the condition can easily be found on objects such as the ground, walls, or columns in indoor and outdoor environments. Therefore, the proposed method does not require environmental modifications such as using artificial calibration objects. Multiple LiDARs typically have different viewpoints to reduce blind spots. This situation increases the difficulty of the extrinsic calibration using conventional registration algorithms. We suggest a plane registration method for cases in which correspondences are not known. The entire calibration process can easily be automated using the proposed registration technique. The presented experimental results clearly show that the proposed method generates more accurate extrinsic parameters than conventional point cloud registration methods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bak Gyeongni’s novel, Land, represents the communal life of Korea in detail, and vividly describes the public sentiment of the community. In this novel, Korean’s distinctive emotions such as jeong ...and han are dealt with. If jeong is represented as a kind of affection common to the members of the community, han comes from incompleteness of human lives, who are doomed to die.
Korean people believe the idea of gwonseonjing-ak that virtue will be rewarded with blessings in the end. Koreans have belief in it, although things look wicked in this world, because they understand that the true meaning of gwonseonjingak is that good is valuable in itself and evil fails of its own accord. At last, Korean people are never indifferent to the currents of history as seen in the Righteous Army movement in late nineteenth century when the country reached a crisis. Koreans are ready to respond to the history and willingly sacrifice themselves for the sake of the country. KCI Citation Count: 0
The clinical utility of a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) polygenic risk score (PRS) in the East Asian population remains underexplored. We aimed to examine the potential prognostic value of a T2DM ...PRS and assess its viability as a clinical instrument. We first established a T2DM PRS for 5490 Korean individuals using East Asian Biobank data (269,487 samples). Subsequently, we assessed the predictive capability of this T2DM PRS in a prospective longitudinal study with baseline data and data from seven additional follow-ups. Our analysis showed that the T2DM PRS could predict the transition of glucose tolerance stages from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes and from prediabetes to T2DM. Moreover, T2DM patients in the top-decile PRS group were more likely to be treated with insulin (hazard ratio = 1.69, p value = 2.31E-02) than were those in the remaining PRS groups. T2DM PRS values were significantly high in the severe diabetes subgroup, characterized by insulin resistance and
-cell dysfunction (p value = 0.0012). The prediction models with the T2DM PRS had significantly greater Harrel's C-indices than did corresponding models without it. By utilizing prospective longitudinal study data and extensive clinical risk factor information, our analysis provides valuable insights into the multifaceted clinical utility of the T2DM PRS.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A general solution strategy of the modified power iteration method for calculating higher eigenmodes has been developed and applied in continuous energy Monte Carlo simulation. The new approach ...adopts four features: 1) the eigen decomposition of transfer matrix, 2) weight cancellation for higher modes, 3) population control with higher mode weights, and 4) stabilization technique of statistical fluctuations using multi-cycle accumulations. The numerical tests of neutron transport eigenvalue problems successfully demonstrate that the new strategy can significantly accelerate the fission source convergence with stable convergence behavior while obtaining multiple higher eigenmodes at the same time. The advantages of the new strategy can be summarized as 1) the replacement of the cumbersome solution step of high order polynomial equations required by Booth's original method with the simple matrix eigen decomposition, 2) faster fission source convergence in inactive cycles, 3) more stable behaviors in both inactive and active cycles, and 4) smaller variances in active cycles. Advantages 3 and 4 can be attributed to the lower sensitivity of the new strategy to statistical fluctuations due to the multi-cycle accumulations. The application of the modified power method to continuous energy Monte Carlo simulation and the higher eigenmodes up to 4th order are reported for the first time in this paper.
•Modified power method is applied to continuous energy Monte Carlo simulation.•Transfer matrix is introduced to generalize the modified power method.•All mode based population control is applied to get the higher eigenmodes.•Statistic fluctuation can be greatly reduced using accumulated tally results.•Fission source convergence is accelerated with higher mode solutions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The characteristics of the Transfer Matrix (TM) introduced in the modified power method (MPM) have been studied. Because it can be easily mistaken as the Fission Matrix (FM), the differences between ...the FM and TM are discussed. Theoretically, it can be concluded that the FM is eigenmode dependent unless a very fine mesh is adopted for the FM tally, whereas the TM is based on the coarse mesh and it can give the correct higher eigenmode solutions if the exact weight cancellation can be done. This is confirmed by comparing the analytical solutions of a one-dimensional monoenergetic homogeneous diffusion problem with the solutions of the 2-by-2 FM and TM. It is further confirmed by the numerical tests that the FM tallied with a coarse mesh cannot give correct higher mode solutions, and the FM tallied with i th mode neutron weights but on a coarse mesh can only give a correct i th mode solution. The numerical tests also confirm that the TM of various sizes, when different numbers of modes are considered, can give the first several eigenmode solutions correctly and consistently with the same fine mesh based weight cancellation. The impact of the mesh size on the results of the MPM has also been investigated. In practice, the FM only requires the fundamental mode neutron source, but the TM requires simulating the first several eigenmode fission sources explicitly. The FM and the TM can be used to accelerate the convergence of the fundamental mode. The FM uses its fundamental eigenvector to adjust the neutron weights. The TM is used to calculate the combination coefficients which can then be used to update the neutron sources. All the comparisons clearly prove that the TM is different from the FM and that the TM requires further investigation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Multigroup cross section (MG XS) generation by the UNIST in-house Monte Carlo (MC) code MCS for fast reactor analysis using nodal diffusion codes is reported. The feasibility of the approach is ...quantified for two sodium fast reactors (SFRs) specified in the OECD/NEA SFR benchmark: a 1000 MWth metal-fueled SFR (MET-1000) and a 3600 MWth oxide-fueled SFR (MOX-3600). The accuracy of a few-group XSs generated by MCS is verified using another MC code, Serpent 2. The neutronic steady-state whole-core problem is analyzed using MCS/RAST-K with a 24-group XS set. Various core parameters of interest (core keff, power profiles, and reactivity feedback coefficients) are obtained using both MCS/RAST-K and MCS. A code-to-code comparison indicates excellent agreement between the nodal diffusion solution and stochastic solution; the error in the core keff is less than 110 pcm, the root-mean-square error of the power profiles is within 1.0%, and the error of the reactivity feedback coefficients is within three standard deviations. Furthermore, using the super-homogenization-corrected XSs improves the prediction accuracy of the control rod worth and power profiles with all rods in. Therefore, the results demonstrate that employing the MCS MG XSs for the nodal diffusion code is feasible for high-fidelity analyses of fast reactors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, for the first time, we designed and analyzed channels between a graphic processing unit and memory in a silicon interposer for a 3-D stacked high bandwidth memory (HBM). We thoroughly ...analyzed and verified the electrical characteristics of the silicon interposer considering various design parameters, such as the channel width and space, redistribution layer via, and under bump metallurgy pads. In particular, we also considered the meshed ground planes used for the proposed transmission lines, which are microstrip and strip lines. Signal integrity (SI) of the proposed channels in the silicon interposer was successfully analyzed and verified using a full 3-D electromagnetic solver and circuit simulations. Based on the extracted lumped circuit resistance, inductance, conductance and capacitance parameters, we thoroughly analyzed the channel characteristics and identified the parameters that dominantly affect SI in relation to each frequency range. From the analyzed insertion loss and far end crosstalk, we verified SI of the silicon interposer by eye-diagram simulations in terms of eye-height voltage and timing jitter in the time domain. In the worst case, the eye-height voltage and timing jitter of the proposed microstrip lines are 0.911 V and 36.8 ps, respectively, with 72 mV of signal coupling. The eye-height voltage and timing jitter of the proposed strip line are 0.887 V and 42.1 ps with 34 mV of single couplings. We show that the proposed channels of the silicon interposer can successfully transfer data at a 2-Gb/s data rate. Finally, we propose concepts and solutions for the next-generation HBM interface with higher data rates up to 8 Gb/s.
Background
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia share insulin resistance as a common pathophysiology and have overlapping clinical manifestation of metabolic derangement; hence, ...it is difficult to differentiate the independent effect of sarcopenia on the development of NAFLD from concomitant metabolic disorders. Using a community‐based prospective cohort study, the contributions of low muscle mass and genetic risk factors to the development of NAFLD and NAFLD‐related hepatic fibrosis were investigated in the Korean population.
Methods
This prospective community‐based cohort study included 40–70‐year‐old adults, followed up biennially from 2001–2002 to 2017–2018. NAFLD was defined as a hepatic steatosis index of ≥36, and hepatic fibrosis was defined based on the fibrosis‐4 index. Sex‐specific quartiles of body mass index (BMI)‐adjusted muscle mass were calculated (muscle mass/BMI), and low muscle mass was defined as the lowest quartile (Q1). Cox proportional hazard models for incident NAFLD or hepatic fibrosis incorporating age, sex, BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, metabolic syndrome and PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk alleles were used to assess the independent determinants for incident NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis among individuals with NAFLD at baseline.
Results
Among the 4038 participants without NAFLD at baseline (mean age, 51.5 ± 8.8 years), 920 (22.8%) developed NAFLD during the 12‐year follow‐up period. As muscle mass decreased, the risk of NAFLD increased even after adjustment for age, sex, obesity, metabolic syndrome and PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk alleles hazard ratio (HR) per quartile, 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.27, P < 0.001. TM6SF2 also affected the risk of NAFLD development HR 1.19, (95% CI, 1.00–1.40), P = 0.044.
Of the 1176 patients with NAFLD but without hepatic fibrosis at baseline, the incident of hepatic fibrosis was found in 51.8%, 44.7%, 42.6% and 41.0% in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 of BMI‐adjusted muscle mass, respectively, during the follow‐up period (P for trend = 0.006). However, this trend lost its statistical significance when adjusted for confounders. The PNPLA3 risk variant, but not the TM6SF2 genotype, was an independent risk factor for developing hepatic fibrosis among patients with NAFLD (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32, P = 0.010).
Conclusions
Both lower muscle mass index and genetic risk variants are important contributors to the development of NAFLD. In patients already diagnosed with NAFLD, however, PNPLA3 confers a greater risk for hepatic fibrosis progression than lower muscle mass.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
TiNi shape-memory-alloy thin films can be used as small high-speed actuators or sensors because they exhibit a rapid response rate. In recent years, the transformation temperature of these films, ...manufactured via a magnetron sputtering method, was found to be lower than that of the bulk alloys owing to the small size of the grain. In this study, deposition conditions (growth rate, film thickness, and substrate temperature) affecting the grain size of thin films were investigated. The grain size of the thin film alloys was found to be most responsive to the substrate temperature.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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