The natural occurrence of solar eclipses can cause various impact on bird species. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the partial solar eclipses on changes in behavior of three ...species of Ardeidae in the Rancabayawak, Gedebage, Bandung, West Java. The research method used was qualitative which direct observation sampling technique was applied. The results of study showed that three bird species of Ardeidae namely Javan Pond-Heron (Ardeola speciosa Horsfield 1821), Buffalo Egret (Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus 1758, and small egrets (Egretta garzetta Linnaeus 1766) with total population 566 individuals were recorded in the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees and surrounding area of Rancabayawak during the partial solar eclipse.The behavior of these tree bird species, including sound of chicks, sunbathing, preening the feather, and flying of individual adults went out the resting and breeding place of bamboo trees observed tend to be normal before occurring the partial solar eclipse. During the partial solar eclipse, however, the sound of the chick stopped for a second. Some individual adult birds stopped involve in preening their feather. While, some adult individual birds were flying go back to the nest of bamboo trees that may be assumed it has already late afternoon due to dark of sun shine. Implication of this research have been considered to be very important for contributing the scientific knowledge on bird behavior changes caused by natural phenomena of the partial solar eclipse.
Program Revolusi Hijau di Indonesia mulai digulirkan di akhir 1960-an. Program ini telah memberikan dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positif di antaranya dapat meningkatkan poduktivitas padi sawah ...secara makro. Sementara itu, dampak ngatifnya diantara telah menyebabkan kepunahan anekaram varietas padi lokal secara masif. Oleh karena itu, kajian tentang kepunahan anekaragam padi lokal di berbagai kawasan perdesaan di Jawa Barat dan Banten sangat penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengkaji pengetahuan masyarakat perdesaan tentang ekologi, terutama kaitannya dengan pengeloaan keanekaragaman varietas padi lokal dan perubahannya dampak Revolusi Hijau, berlandaskan dari studi kasus pada masyarakat Baduy, Desa Kanekes, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten Selatan dan masyarakat Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnoekologi, yaitu peneliti mempelajari pengetahuan penduduk perdesaan tentang berbagai aspek ekologi dalam kaitannya dengan pengeloaan padi lokal. Teknik pengumpulan data lapangan dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan yang kompeten yang dipilih secara’ purposive’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejatinya para petani ‘huma’ Baduy dan petani sawah Kampung Naga memiliki peran penting dalam mengkonservasi anekaragam varietas padi lokal secara in-situ. Namun, akibat program Revolusi Hijau, beberapa varietas padi lokal sawah penduduk Kampung Naga mengalami kepunahan. Sementara itu, kepunahan anekaragam varietas padi lokal di ‘huma’ Baduy tidak terdokumentasikan. Mengingat penduduk Baduy tidak menerima program Revolusi Hijau. Kepunahan keanekaragam varietas padi lokal dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, seperti kebijakan pemerintah, perubahan ekosistem, dan akibat perubahan sistem sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat. Penelitian ini dapat memiliki kontribusi penting untuk ilmu pengetahuan dan kepentingan praktis. Berdasarkan kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan yaitu dapat bermanfaat untuk pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam bidang etnoekologi dan etnobotani. Sementara itu, untuk kepentingan praktis, diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk dijadikan masukan bagi berbagai pihak terkait, guna upaya konservasi anekaragam padi di Indonesia.
ABSTRAK Ditilik dari sejarah ekologi, di masa silam sebelum ada program moderniasi usaha tani sawah melalui program Revolusi Hijau, para petani sawah di Jawa Barat dan Banten guyub menyimpan padi ...hasil panen padi di lumbung (leuit). Kini sistem lumbung padi tersebut hampir punah di Jawa Barat dan Banten. Namun masyarakat Baduy yang bermukim di Desa Kanekes, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten Selatan, kebiasaan menyimpan padi pada sistem leuit masih kokoh dipertahankan secara lekat budaya dan berkelanjutan. Paper ini mendiskusikan tentang kearifan ekologi Orang Baduy dalam mengkonservasi padi dengan sistem leuit. Metoda penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnoekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Orang Baduy memiliki kearifan ekologi, seperti mampu menyimpan padi ladang hasil panen mereka pada lumbung padi (leuit) secara tahan lama dalam kurun waktu hingga puluhan tahun. Padi ladang utamanya hanya digunakan untuk memenuhi berbagai upacara adat dalam kegiatan berladang dan untuk dikonsumsi sehari-hari, terutama apabila Orang Baduy tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk membeli beras sawah dari warung. Maka, seyogianya kearifan ekologi Orang Baduy ini dapat dipadukan dengan pengetahuan ilmiah Barat, guna dimanfaatkan dalam progam pemangunan keamanan dan ketahanan pangan secara berkelanjutan berbasis pemberdayan masyarat di Indonesia.
Alfian RL, Iskandar J, Iskandar BS, Suroso, Ermandara DP, Mulyanto D, Partasasmita R. 2020. Fish species, traders, and trade in traditional market: Case study in Pasar Baru, Balikpapan City, East ...Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 393-406. The purpose of this study is to analyze the species of fish traded by fish traders in the Pasar Baru traditional market, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. In addition, this study analyses the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) of fish traders on fishes, including naming fish, fish habitat and caught technique, sex differentiate, taste of fish, price of fish, origin of fish and processing, freshness of fish and preservation, and the transmission of knowledge and conservation of the fish species. This study used qualitative methods that ethnoichthyology approach was used, with some field technics, namely observation, depth interview, and survey of species of fish were applied. The results showed that there were 36 species, representing 22 families recorded in the traditional market of Pasar Baru. Fish traders have good knowledge on fishes, including naming fish, sex differentiate, fish caught, freshness of fish, and how to preserve fish. Traders often offer fish to buyers by mentioning the names and various aspects of fish species, so the traders have indirectly introduced and socialized the TEK of fish species to buyers and a wider community. In addition, since the high diversity of fish species has normally traded in the traditional market, it has an important function not only for the community's economy, but also have an important function for the conservation of biodiversity of fish species in the region.
Indonesia is predicted to enter the era of bonus demography which is an interesting issue now. This is related to the increasing productive and non-productive population. This phenomenon can benefit ...the population, both productive and non-productive residents who get less attention, especially economic dependence on nonproductive groups such as the elderly. Elderly are often said to be a burden on society, especially for women who are often associated with domestic work. This study raises the economic independence of elderly women. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach on elderly women in Demuk village, Pucanglaban sub-district, Tulungagung district. Data collection uses participatory observation techniques and in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that elderly women can meet the economic needs of their own family or household. They work in the domestic and public domains such as farmers, laborers, traders, and breeders. Thus elderly women are not burdens, but they become economic support for the family or household.
Abstrak. Sejatinya di masa silam, penduduk pedesaan di Jawa Barat, termasuk penduduk di Desa Karangwangi, Kecamatan Cidaun, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat dominan menggarap sistem ladang (sistem ...huma). Namun, sejalan dengan kian padatnya penduduk, makin berkurangnya kawasan hutan, dan berkembangnya ekonomi pasar di pedesaan, maka, sistem huma berubah menjadi beberapa tipe sistem agroforestri tradisional, seperti kebon kayu-kayuan (kebon kai), kebon campuran kayu-kayuan dan buah-buahan (talun) dan sistem pekarangan (buruan). Selain itu, dengan adanya program Revolusi Hijau pada sistem sawah dan introduksi albasiah/jengjen (Paraserinthes falcataria (L) I Nielsen) pada sistem tegalan dan agroforestri tradisional, seperti kebon kai. Konsekuensinya, sistem sawah dan sistem huma mengalami perubahan secara drastis. Paper ini mendisuksikan tentang perkembangan beberapa tipe agroekosistem dari sistem huma, dengan berbagai perubahannya. Metoda penelitian menggunakan kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnoekologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil studi telah memberikan berbagai informasi untuk lebih memahami perilaku penduduk pedesaan dalam mengelola berbagai tipe agroekosistem di desanya. Dalam kaitannya dengan pembangunan, seyogianya berbagai pengetahuan ekologi lokal penduduk yang positif dan kearifan ekologi penduduk tidak diabaikan atau bahkan dicoba untuk dimusnahkan, namun dapat diintegrasikan dengan pengetahuan ilmiah barat untuk dapat digunakan untuk pembangunan sistem pertanian di Indonesia yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: sistem huma, agroforestri tradisional, agroekosistem, revolusi hijau. Abstract. Originally in the past, village people of West Java, including people of Village of Karangwangi, Sub-district of Cidaun, District of Cianjur and Province of West Java predominated practicing the swidden farming system (sistem huma). However, due to increasing human population density, decreasing the forest area, and rapid development of market economy in the village, the huma system have changed to several types of the traditional agroforestry systems, such as the tree garden system (kebon kai), mixed-garden system of wood and fruits (talun), and home garden (buruan). In addition, because of introduction of the green revolution in the sawah systems and the introduction of albasiah/jengjen (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) I Nielsen) in the traditional agroforestry systems, such as kebon kai. As a result, those agroecosystem types have dramatically changed. This paper discusses the development of the traditional agroforestry systems which is developed from the huma system. Method used in this study qualitative with the ethnoecology approach. The resulted of study show that it has provided rich information which is very useful to more understand the village people behavior in managing various type of agroecosystem in their village. With regard to development process, we suggest various positive local knowledges and ecological wisdoms, rather than ignoring or attempting to replace them, it may be useful to be integrated with the scientific knowledge to use in supporting the sustainable agriculture in Indonesia. Keywords: swidden system, agroforestry traditional, agroecosystem, green revolution
Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2021. Kawung: Landraces, management, uses, and conservation based on moral versus economic interest among Outer Baduy community, South Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: ...5572-5584. The sugar palm or kawung (Arenga pinnata (Wurm) Merr.) has naturally or semi naturally grown in many rural areas of Banten and West Java. The sugar palm has social, economic, cultural, and ecological benefits for rural communities, but its population has dramatically decreased. This study aimed to access the knowledge, traditional management, uses and traditional conservation of sugar palm. This research used a qualitative method with an ethnoecological approach. The results showed that the Outer Baduy community has a rich knowledge of sugar palm. Two landraces of sugar palm are recognized by Outer Baduy mainly kawung gedé and kawung salompét. They have not intensively cultivated the sugar palm, but managed the kawung seedlings which grow naturally or assisted by civet or careuh in traditional agroforestry systems, including huma, reuma, leuweung lembur, and leuweung kolot. The weeds growing surrounding the seedlings are cleared, and then the seedlings will grow naturally and finally develop to mature trees. The sugar palm has been traditionally used for ecological, socio-economic, and cultural functions. The Outer Baduy community has traditionally conserved the sugar palm which grows in traditional agroforestry systems. The sugar palm trees, fruits, and the stems have never been cut, used as the sweetmeats, and made into sago flour, respectively, while the civets which have assisted distribution and regeneration of the sugar palm have never been hunted, and their habitat has never been destroyed.
Ihsan M, Irawan B, Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2023. Ethnobotanical study on using bamboo for kites making in Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2393-2401. Bamboo has diverse ...socio-economic, cultural, and ecological roles in rural areas. Residentsin Cijambu Village, Tajungsari District, Sumedang Regency, West Java, usually use bamboo for kite crafts based on local or Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). However, currently, the craft activities of the residents of Cijambu Village in making kites tend to decline. This is due to the reduced kite demand, and the younger generation is less interested in kite-making crafts. As a result, it is difficult for the kite-making industry in Cijambu Village to provide jobs and creates an opportunityfor the villagers to maintain its sustainability. In addition, the decline in the kite-making industry could cause the gradual erosion and subsequent loss of the TEK. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the TEK of Cijambu Village on bamboo species and landraces, the utilization of bamboo for the kite-making industry, and its benefits for rural communities. The method used in this study was qualitative with an ethnobotanical approach; there are 12 informants comprising seven men and five women between the ages of 35 and 70 years involved in this study. The resultof the study showed thata total of 5 landraces and species of bamboo, i.e.: awi tali (Gigantochloa apus (Schult.f.) Kurz), awi bitung (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backerex K. Heyne), awi surat (Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro), awi gombong héjo (Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro), awi temen (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz),and awi haur konéng (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl. var. Striata (Lodd.ex Lindl.) Gamble) in Cijambu Village. The G. apus have predominantly been used for making kites, creating many job opportunities for men and women, and diversifying household income. However, the future sustainability of the kite industry in Cijambu Village tends to be very challenging because the demand for kites is declining occasionally. At the same time, the younger generation is less interested in kites making, and the TEK gradually erodes withinthe younger generation. Thus, it was revealed that the use of bamboo for the kite craft industry had formed biocultural systems, as well as changes in the culture and linguistics of villagers, which can affect the management and conservation of bamboo in rural areas.
Artikel ini membahas mengenai budaya pasar yang berlangsung di Pasar Baru Kota Balikpapan. Budaya pasar sendiri merupakan keseluruhan norma dan nilai yang melingkupi kegiatan pemangku pasar ...tradisional dalam berkegiatan di pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi dalam menggali data dari para pemangku Pasar Baru yang menjadi lokus penelitian. Etnografi dipilih karena penelitian ini berusaha menjaring data baik itu data lisan, visual maupun tertulis dari sudut pandang pengampu Pasar Baru Balikpapan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para pedagang yang berdagang di Pasar Baru Balikpapan berasal dari latar budaya yang beragam. Mengingat Balikpapan merupakan salah satu wilayah strategis juga pintu masuk dan jalur perniagaan khususnya di Kalimantan Timur. Dalam melakukan aktivitas perdagangan, pedagang membawa nilai budaya masing-masing. Meskipun demikian secara perlahan tercipta pola tindakan dari para pedagang. Meskipun berasal dari latar budaya yang berbeda, secara tidak tertulis para pedagang seperti telah mencapai kesepakatan dalam berkegiatan di pasar.This article discusses the market culture at Pasar Baru in Balikpapan City. The market culture in this study can be defined as the overall norms and values adopted by traditional market stakeholders in their daily activities in the market. This study uses ethnographic methods to collect data from the stakeholders of Pasar Baru as the research locus. Ethnography was chosen based on the consideration that this research seeks to collect data, both oral, visual and written data from the point of view of the Pasar Baru supervisor in Balikpapan. The results show that the traders who trade at Pasar Baru in Balikpapan originate from the diverse cultural backgrounds. It is a consequence of the City of Balikpapan as one of the strategic areas as well as the entrance and route of commerce, especially in East Kalimantan. In their trading activities, the traders bring their respective cultural values. It slowly encourages the creation of new patterns in the behavior of traders. They seem to have reached an agreement in their activities in the market.
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