Typhoon Hagibis (No. 19, in Japan) made landfall in Koriyama City in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, on October 13, 2019. The consequent floods damaged built-up areas in the city center. Furthermore, ...rice production was affected because the flood occurred before rice harvesting. Although the effects of inundation using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been studied, further quantitative analyses are necessary to detect flooded areas using SAR data because the changes in the backscattering coefficient are complex and vary between built-up and paddy areas. Here, we aimed to apply a learning-based method to detect flood-damaged areas in both built-up areas and paddy fields. The training and test datasets were derived from variations in backscattering coefficients measured by Sentinel-1 SAR before and during the flooding event. Moreover, changes in SAR data in built-up areas and paddy fields, where flood damage occurred, were used as training data. A support vector machine was applied as a classifier to detect areas damaged by floods. The proposed method can detect flood-damaged areas caused by Typhoon Hagibis in both the built-up and paddy areas. Changing both the backscattering coefficient and texture (entropy) information improved the flood detection accuracy by a kappa coefficient of 0.15 when compared with that achieved using backscattering-only input. Furthermore, upon comparing F -values across categories using dual and single polarization, we found that VV (transmit V and receive V polarizations) enhanced the accuracy of detecting flooded built-up areas, while VH (transmit V and receive H polarizations) yielded improvements in identifying flooded paddy areas.
Abstract
Background
Coronavirus infections are spreading rapidly worldwide, and primary and middle schools are closed in many countries. After the state of emergency was lifted in Japan, schools have ...reopened, and teachers are conducting face-to-face classes while maintaining safety precautions. This study aimed to assess the factors contributing to infection-related anxiety and educational anxiety among teachers conducting face-to-face classes during the COVID-19 pandemic after schools reopened.
Methods
This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 263 primary and middle school teachers in the Shinagawa area of Tokyo (October 10–30, 2020). The questionnaire assessed the type of school (primary or middle school), sex, age, and factors contributing to infection-related anxiety and educational anxiety that arose from the pandemic. The levels of anxiety and the factors contributing to anxiety were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very anxious).
Results
In an analysis of the data of 237 participants excluding the missing data, many teachers reported feeling infection- and education-related anxiety. A majority of the participants were women (
n
= 152, 64.1%), and the mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 11.3 years. A stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six factors for infection-related anxiety as significant (
R
2
= 0.61,
p
< 0.001). Among these variables, the largest partial regression coefficient value was reported for the following reason: “I feel anxious because we cannot ensure the safety of teachers themselves or of their families” (β = 0.37,
p
< 0.001). For educational anxiety, four of six reasons were identified as significant (
R
2
= 0.64,
p
< 0.001). Among these, “anxiety about the students’ home situations” (β = 0.41,
p
< 0.001) and “delay in education (students’ side)” (β = 0.27,
p <
0.001) had stronger associations with anxiety compared to the others.
Conclusion
In-person education during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused teachers to experience anxiety. This report provides useful information by highlighting the reasons for infection-related anxiety and educational anxiety that teachers experience in face-to-face classes during a pandemic. Even if the coverage of a COVID-19 vaccine becomes widespread worldwide, we will still be combating COVID-19 infections for at least a few years. Given concerns regarding such infections, to ensure students’ right to education, it is essential to understand why teachers feel anxious and to determine appropriate measures to decrease such anxiety.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to clarify the effect of metal cations (Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+) in aqueous solution on hydrogen absorption into iron, the amount of hydrogen absorption from iron surface was measured by ...electrochemical tests with a laser ablation. Moreover, in order to obtain the basic mechanism of hydrogen absorption with adsorption of metal cation, we obtained the adsorption potential of the adsorbed atom and the electronic state around the adsorbed atom using first principles calculations. Peak value of permeation current and the time until the current reached the peak value decreased and elongated in the order of NaCl, MgCl2, and ZnCl2 solutions. Also, by first-principles calculations adsorption strength of each metal atom increased in the order of Na < Mg < Zn. It was suggested that dissolution of Fe is inhibited due to formation of dense metal layer in the solution including the metal cation which has large adsorption strength to Fe surface like Zn, and finally permeation current may have been reduced.
A 28-year-old woman experienced severe headache and right homonymous hemianopia after receiving high-dose infliximab for Crohn's disease. Computed tomography showed hemorrhagic infarction in the left ...temporal and parietal lobes. An angiogram revealed left transverse to sigmoid sinus occlusion and a stagnated Labbe vein. The patient was treated surgically and achieved a good outcome. Inflammatory bowel diseases are known to accompany venous and arterial thrombosis in 1-2% of cases. Recently, infliximab has been suggested to increase this possibility. A case of Crohn's disease presenting with cerebral sinus thrombosis in the remission period during long-term/high-dose use of infliximab is presented. In addition, infliximab-associated thrombosis cases were reviewed.
This study aims to detect flooded rice paddies in Indonesia using remotely sensed data from a relatively extensive flood that occurred in the Tegalluar area of Bojongsoang in the spring of 2018, ...which was observed by the Sentinel-1 and PlanetScope satellites. We propose an automatic thresholding method for the detection of flooded areas in rice paddy fields using Sentinel-1 C -band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisitions from before and during flooding. The flood-detection accuracy was verified using visible and near-infrared images acquired by the PlanetScope satellites. The proposed method showed that the VV (transmit V and receive V polarizations) data outperformed the VH (transmit V and receive H polarizations) data in terms of correlation ratio and discriminant accuracy. The overall classification accuracy of the nonflooded and flooded areas reached 84.7% with the VV data and 80.6% with the VH data, including the error that resulted from the time difference in the data acquired by Sentinel-1 and PlanetScope. Utilizing speckle-reducing filters with SAR data was found to improve the overall classification accuracy by 5%.
No systematic study is yet available that focuses on the surgical anatomy of the superior petrosal vein and its significance during surgery for cerebellopontine angle meningiomas. The aim of the ...present study was to examine the variation of the superior petrosal vein via the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach in relation to the tumor attachment of cerebellopontine angle meningiomas as well as postoperative complications related to venous occlusion. Forty-three patients with cerebellopontine angle meningiomas were analyzed retrospectively. Based on the operative findings, the tumors were classified into four subtypes: the petroclival type, tentorial type, anterior petrous type, and posterior petrous type. According to a previous anatomical report, the superior petrosal veins were divided into three groups: Type I which emptied into the superior petrosal sinus above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus, Type II which emptied between the lateral limit of the trigeminal nerve at Meckel’s cave and the medial limit of the facial nerve at the internal acoustic meatus, and Type III which emptied into the superior petrosal sinus above and medial to Meckel’s cave. In both the petroclival and anterior petrous types, the most common vein was Type III which is the ideal vein for a retrosigmoid approach. In contrast, the Type II vein which is at high risk of being sacrificed during a suprameatal approach procedure was most frequent in posterior petrous type, in which the superior petrosal vein was not largely an obstacle. Intraoperative sacrificing of veins was associated with a significantly higher rate of venous-related phenomena, while venous complications occurred even in cases where the superior petrosal vein was absent or compressed by the tumor. The variation in the superior petrosal vein appeared to differ among the tumor attachment subtypes, which could permit a satisfactory surgical exposure without dividing the superior petrosal vein. In cases where the superior petrosal vein was previously occluded, other bridging veins could correspond with implications for the crucial venous drainage system, and should thus be identified and protected whenever possible.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
It has become easier to acquire high-resolution images with a spatial resolution of several centimeters using a camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Since increasing spatial resolution ...causes inhomogeneity in the observation target, land cover classification with spectral information affects accuracy. It may be possible to improve the accuracy of land cover classification by taking texture information into account rather than using only single-pixel spectral data.This paper proposes a novel method for improving the accuracy of land cover classification by using texture information derived from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Our proposed method directly vectorizes GLCM elements rather than calculating ordinal texture features. Therefore, we do not have to choose which texture feature is suitable for land cover classification. We used a support vector machine (SVM) for the classifier and confirmed the characteristics of accuracies by changing the number of gray levels (2 to 16) and the size of the calculating window (3 to 21).In a comparison of our proposed method with simple spectral information and with spectral information with GLCM texture features, our method was found to outperform land cover classification accuracy in most cases.
We have compared the electrical performance of a proposed normally-off GaN-based MIS-HEMTs employing ultrathin AlGaN barrier layer in the channel with those of conventional recessed-gate structure ...MIS-HEMTs. The proposed device exhibited much less density of interface states extracted from the measured capacitance-voltage characteristics, suggesting improved Al2O3/AlGaN interface. For corresponding three-terminal transistors, while the conventional reference device exhibited poor control of gate-to-source voltage on drain current with about 3 V hysteresis in the transfer curves, the proposed device showed well-behaved subthreshold characteristics with only 0.8 V hysteresis. Furthermore, the proposed device showed a much higher VTH of +5 V compared to +1 V of the conventional reference device. KCI Citation Count: 0
Aim
We developed an augmented reality technology‐based endotracheal aspiration simulation tool (the AR tool) consisting of three modes: a mode for nursing students to learn endotracheal aspiration by ...themselves (learning mode); a mode for repeated practice (practice mode); and a mode for confirmation testing (test mode). This study aimed to compare the learning outcomes of the AR tool with traditional training mannequins and identify potential uses and improvements of the AR tool.
Methods
We invited students, and faculty members from the three universities who agreed to cooperate in conducting this study. Fifty‐four students and nine faculty members agreed to participate in this study. The students were divided into two groups. One group was to study with the AR tool and the other group was to study with the traditional half‐body training mannequin for suction. The students in both groups were asked to demonstrate endotracheal aspiration on another full‐body type training mannequin which could be used as a patient with a tracheostomy (Skill test). Group interviews with faculty members focused on the topic of the AR tool's potential use in nursing education and improvement needed.
Results
There was little significant difference in the skill test results of endotracheal aspiration of students in both groups. The students and faculty members both expressed an interest in the AR tool. They said it was suitable for self‐study of endotracheal aspiration.
Conclusions
This AR tool is an effective teaching tool for learning the sequence of endotracheal suctioning, although there are some areas that need improvement.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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