Anlotinib is a highly potent multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with very good anti-tumor activity against a variety of solid tumors. However, its effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) is not yet ...clearly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect and underlying mechanism of anlotinib in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Effects of anlotinib on CT26 cells proliferation and microvessel formation in endothelial cells were determined by MTT assay and tube formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by using the wound healing assay and transwell assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. A CRC xenograft mouse model was used for conducting in-vivo studies to verify the effect of anlotinib. The expression of Ki-67 and CD31 in the tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and protein expression was measured by Western blot.
In-vitro studies revealed that anlotinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CT26 cells and the tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Anlotinib also significantly induced cell apoptosis and G2/M arrest. It effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival time in the CRC xenograft mouse model. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue revealed that anlotinib downregulated CD31 and Ki-67 which are the biomarkers of microvessel density and proliferation. Furthermore, anlotinib was able to inhibit the activation of VEGFR-2/AKT and FGFR, PDGFRβ and their downstream signaling ERK.
The findings of the present study suggested that anlotinib suppressed cell proliferation and angiogenesis via inhibition of AKT/ERK signaling pathway in colorectal cancer and could be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of CRC.
Following myocardial infarction, the heart undergoes a series of dramatic compensations which may later form a maladaptive picture characterized by ventricular dilation and pump failure. Among ...several opioid agents, morphine has been shown to confer protection against reperfusion injury and infarct size. Here, we sought to study the cardioprotective effect of post-infarct morphine treatment against left ventricular adverse remodeling. We induced myocardial infarction in male Sprague - Dawley rats by ligating left anterior descending artery and then, treated these animals with three different doses of morphine −0.3, 3 and 10 mg/kg (i.p.). The echocardiographic evaluation depicted improved cardiac performance and lesser chamber dilation in the animals that had received 3 mg/kg of morphine. Next, we studied the effect of 3 mg/kg morphine administration on left ventricular hemodynamics, infarct size, tissue architecture, changes in lung and heart weight, circulating TNF-α level and post-MI mRNA expression of collagen-1, collagen-3, TGF-β, TNF-α, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Five-day morphine administration markedly improved LV function, and also reduced infarct size, myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, index of infarct expansion, heart weight and serum TNF-α level. Moreover, morphine alleviated MI-induced increase in wet and dry lung weight. Morphine also altered the mRNA expression of fibrosis-related genes, TNF-α, MMP-2 and MMP-9. In conclusion, post-infarct morphine treatment can mitigate adverse remodeling and cardiac dysfunction after MI. Beside analgesic effect, we may be able to harvest benefits from the antifibrotic and anti-remodeling action of morphine in patients with the acute coronary syndrome.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background & Objective: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Some more effective management of this disease can be achieved by making changes in the lifestyles of patients ...by self-care education. It is important to use new educational methods to better influence education on people's learning. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using educational tools appropriate to learning style during self-care training on the lifestyle of hypertensive patients.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 44 patients with hypertension who were divided into four groups of visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic based on their answers to the VARK learning style questionnaire. Patients' self-care training was conducted in the form of four 60-minute sessions based on the learning style of each group. Before and two months after the intervention, the LSQ lifestyle questionnaire was completed by all patients, and finally, data were analyzed using SPSS ver.21.
Results: According to the results of the present study, the mean score of lifestyle dimensions of all research units at all stages of lifestyle increased significantly after the educational intervention compared to before the intervention, (p< 0.001). Also, the increase in the mean of the total lifestyle score after the intervention compared to the time before it was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the favorable effect of self-care education based on learning style in promoting patients' lifestyle, this educational method can be used as a cheap and practical method in changing the behavior of hypertensive patients.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction To specify the diversity of pepper plant (Capsicum ssp.) population and the inheritance of fruit characteristics for use in seed production breeding programs, there is a need for a ...diverse population in terms of the characteristics affecting fruit yield. By a large variety of options available for each product, there is a greater probability of selecting the best decision. A population's genetic variety may be used in several ways, including selection and hybridization. Pepper is a plant belonging to the genus Capsicum and the family Solanaceae. It is cultivated globally, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus Capsicum contains more than 30 wild and domestic species, which are classified according to flower structure, fruit, and the number of chromosomes (2n= 24, 26). Materials and Methods To compare different pepper species based on fruit morphology, a greenhouse experiment was conducted under hydroponic conditions in Zarandieh region, Markazi province, in a completely randomized design with three repetitions in 2021. The seeds of 42 pepper genotypes from 7 species were obtained from Gene Bank of Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK). Initially, the seeds were sown in dedicated planting trays. Once the seedlings had grown six leaves, they were transplanted to the main greenhouse. Within the greenhouse, the rows of cultivation were spaced 160 cm apart, with a 25 cm gap between individual plants. Each genotype was represented by ten plants. Throughout the growing season, the plants were managed by maintaining two branches and removing any surplus ones. In this research, the following characteristics were evaluated: fruit production across three harvests, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, fruit flesh thickness, fruit flavor (spicy or sweet), unripe fruit color, and ripe fruit color. Descriptive statistics of evaluated trait, including mean, minimum and maximum traits and the percentage of phenotypic and genotypic diversity coefficients, heritability, and the analysis of variance and comparison of means, were used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion A diverse collection of pepper was evaluated due to the fruit morphological traits and significant differences among different genotypes in terms of these traits. The average fruit weight of the assessed population was 26.54 g. The minimum and maximum fruit weights of 152.70 and 0.13 g were related to genotypes 409 and 276, respectively. Genotype 318, with an average weight of 144.20 g, was not significantly different from genotype 409. Both genotypes were of the species annuum, but were in two separate groups regarding fruit morphology. The heritability rate of fruit weight was 93%, which is consistent with the results of Usman et al. (2014). Length, diameter and length to diameter ratio (fruit morphology index) are the most important factors in marketing pepper fruit. The mean fruit length, diameter and morphology index were 6.35, 2.57 cm and 3.04, respectively. The highest fruit length was related to genotypes 296 and 318 at 26.33, 20.20 and 19 cm, while the lowest fruit length was 0.70, related to genotype 277. The genotypes with the highest lengths were long pepper and Kapia sweet pepper, respectively, and the genotypes with the shortest lengths tasted spicy. Genotypes 409, 200, 318, 326, 272 and 348 had the largest diameter with 6.50, 6.23, 5.80, 5.67, 5.60 and 5.30 cm, respectively. These genotypes are bell, round, Kapia, triangular, triangular, round and sweet in terms of morphology. The smallest fruit diameter belonged to genotype 293 (0.30 cm), and the nineteen genotypes with a diameter of less than 2 cm did not differ significantly from 293. Twenty genotypes with the smallest fruit diameter have a pungent flavor (Table 1). The range of the fruit morphology index was from 0.56 to 8.99. The lowest and highest values were associated with genotypes 342 and 296, respectively (Table 3). The fruit of genotype 296 was sweet, whereas the fruit of genotype 342 was spicy. The heritability of length, diameter and fruit morphology index were 0.97, 0.97 and 0.98%, respectively. The lowest and highest numbers of fruits per plant in each hand-harvest were 1 and 67 fruits, respectively, belonging to genotypes 342 and 326. However, regarding shallow length, diameter, pulp thickness and, consequently, the low weight of the fruit in genotype 342, an almost low yield of this genotype was obtained in three harvests (2742.67 kg/ha). In contrast, genotype 318, despite its small number of fruits per hand-harvest (3 fruits per hand-harvest), had the highest fruit yield of 25379.20 kg Per hectare due to having fruits with large size and pulp thickness and as a result of high fruit weight. The lowest yields related to genotypes 276 and 293 belonged to C. frutescens L., with fruit yields of 17.60 and 44.00 kg/ha in three harvests. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the performance of these genotypes and the genotypes 277, 210, 282, 358, 261, 332, 394, 304, 311, 407, 321, 215, 427, 203, 342 and 200. The percentage of phenotypic and genetic variations in fruit yield was 61, 55% and the heritability of fruit yield was 81%. Conclusion This study evaluated a diverse collection of different species of pepper with a wide range of appearance traits. However, the most desirable and marketable characteristics of the fruit were obtained from genotypes belonging to C. annuum. However, genotypes belonging to other species, which were not addressed due to the high number of fruits per plant and resistance to pests and diseases, can play a complementary role in hybrid seed production breeding programs. Based on the results, genotypes 318 (Kapia, yellow and sweet), 287 (long, red and spicy), 348 (round, red and sweet), 272 (triangular, red and sweet), 309 (black, red and sweet) and 296 (long, red and sweet) could be introduced as cultivars after evaluating their compatibility, in terms of their high yield, suitable size fruits and marketability. In addition, because to the substantial variety of the examined population, breeding efforts might develop hybrid cultivars with unique traits.
Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by many co-morbidities, including impaired growth and development, CKD-mineral and bone disorder, anemia, dysregulated iron metabolism, and ...cardiovascular disease. In pediatric CKD cohorts, higher circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with some of these adverse clinical outcomes, including CKD progression and left ventricular hypertrophy. It is hypothesized that lowering FGF23 levels will reduce the risk of these events and improve clinical outcomes. Reducing FGF23 levels in CKD may be accomplished by targeting two key stimuli of FGF23 production—dietary phosphate absorption and iron deficiency. Ferric citrate is approved for use as an enteral phosphate binder and iron replacement product in adults with CKD. Clinical trials in adult CKD cohorts have also demonstrated that ferric citrate decreases circulating FGF23 concentrations. This review outlines the possible deleterious effects of excess FGF23 in CKD, summarizes data from the adult CKD clinical trials of ferric citrate, and presents the Ferric Citrate and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (FIT4KiD) study, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of ferric citrate on FGF23 in pediatric patients with CKD stages 3–4 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04741646).
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Dynamic simulation of boring process Moetakef-Imani, B.; Yussefian, N.Z.
International journal of machine tools & manufacture,
11/2009, Volume:
49, Issue:
14
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article presents a model to simulate the dynamics of boring process. In boring operations the boring bar should be long and slender; therefore it is easily subjected to vibrations. Tool ...vibrations result in reduced tool life, poor surface finish and may also introduce chatter. Hence, predicting the vibrational behavior of boring process for certain cutting conditions and tool work-piece properties is of great importance. The proposed method models the cutting tool geometry by B-spline parametric curves. By using B-spline curves it is possible to simulate different tool geometries with a single approach. B-spline curves also enable the modeling of the kinematics of chip formation for different tool work-piece engagement conditions with a single formulation. The boring bar has been modeled by the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The simulation process has been implemented with MATLAB. The algorithm consists of different computational modules that are interconnected by a main program. Experimental machining tests have been conducted to verify the validity of the proposed model. Proposed dynamic models have been able to predict the dynamic cutting force components and vibration frequencies with less than 15% deviation. The proposed model has been also able to predict the chatter onset correctly.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Spinal anesthesia, as an effective approach, is widely performed in various surgeries with possible complications. To reduce the side effects, many adjuvants are used to maintain desirable sensory ...and motor blockades and increase the quality and prolong the analgesia.
In the current double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 105 participants aged 18 - 60 years with ASA class I or II who were candidate for lower limb surgery were randomly allocated to patients receiving bupivacaine 15 mg + normal saline 1 mL (B group), bupivacaine 15 mg + epinephrine 10 µg (BE group), and bupivacaine 15 mg + sufentanyl 5 µg (BS group). Onset of sensory blockade was determined bilaterally with the pinprick test. The maximum Bromage scale was assessed for the onset of motor blockage. Recovery from sensory and motor blockades was also evaluated. Pain score (visual analogue scale; VAS) was determined for all participants.
Onset of sensory and motor blockades was statistically different among the groups. Intrathecal bupivacaine (the placebo group) had the lowest onset of sensory blockage, whereas the onset of motor blockade was significantly shorter with the administration of sufentanil + epinephrine (P = 0.001) (BS and BE groups). However, epinephrine (BE group) did not significantly prolong sensory and motor blockade. Recovery time from sensory and motor blockade was significantly lower with the bupivacaine alone (the placebo group).
The current study results suggested that the combination of 10 µg epinephrine and 5 µg sufentanil + bupivacaine did not prolong the sensory and motor blockades in spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery, compared with bupivacaine alone.
We studied effects of different feeding deprivation periods on the growth and feed utilization indices of rainbow trout. The study lasted for eight weeks. Four treatments with three replicates ...including a control group without feed deprivation and treatments 1, 2 and 3 with 1,2 and 3 week(s) of feed deprivation, respectively, were set up. Fish were fed ad lib for five weeks from week four up to the end of week eight, twice daily. The initial weight was (44.01±0.19g±S.E). At the end of the deprivation period (day 21 of the experiment), starved fish including treatments 1 (46.96±2.74g), 2 (46.04±1.21g)and 3 (41.04±0.22g) had significantly lower weights (P<0.05) than the control group (64.00±5.60g). At the end of week eight, treatments 1 (93.00±3.95g), 2(83.06±3.87g) and 3 (93.85±5.60g) and the control group (82.87±9.53g) showed no significant differences in the final body weight (P>0.05, weight after starvation as covariate). From day 21 to day 33, treatments 2 (3.11±0.09% BW/day) and 3 (3.13±0.14% BW/day) had significantly higher feed intakes than the control group (1.77±0.29a) and treatment 1 (2.60±0.0) (P<0.05, weight after starvation as covariate). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in FCR in the given period among the treatments. From day 33 to 55, FI and FCR were similar among the treatments (P>0.05). PER and PPV but not LPV for fish with starvation were higher in value, but did not differ statistically (P>0.05). Different body components were not significantly different among the treatments at the end of the starvation period (P>0.05). Results indicated that the rainbow trout with average weight of 44.01±0.19g could tolerate the starvation and could finally compensate for the final body weight.
Pd-CeO
2
based catalysts are state-of-the-art for methane oxidation, but deactivate due to Pd nanoparticle growth at high temperature. While encapsulation by CeO
2
shells was reported to increase the ...stability of Pd nanoparticles (NPs), the established synthesis methods are not easily scalable. Here, we report the synthesis of PdO/CeO
x
/Al
2
O
3
and CeO
x
/PdO/Al
2
O
3
catalysts with improved stability for methane oxidation by sequential impregnation of Pd and Ce precursors on an Al
2
O
3
support followed by reduction. The reduced catalysts displayed higher methane oxidation activity, and a lowering of the light-off temperature compared to the fresh calcined catalysts. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) chemical imaging of the reduced catalysts indicated a redispersion of cerium oxide on the support surface and anchoring of Pd nanoparticles by cerium oxide. After aging at high temperature (850 °C), the activity of the reduced CeO
x
/PdO/Al
2
O
3
catalysts remained high, while the activity of the calcined catalysts dropped significantly. The results showed that simple reduction pretreatments could improve the catalytic activity and stability of the catalysts at both low and high reaction temperatures through changing Pd-Ce interactions, restructuring of the surface and changes in the nature and types of adsorbed species, as shown by HRTEM, EDS and operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. We believe that the proposed strategy can be used as a scalable alternative to embedding of Pd NPs by CeO
2
in core-shell systems for enhanced thermal stability in exhaust after treatment applications.
Pd-CeO
2
based catalysts are state-of-the-art for methane oxidation, but deactivate due to Pd nanoparticle growth at high temperature.
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