Late adolescences, as a developmentally challenging transitional period between childhood and adulthood, provides a number of pressures that impact well-being of youth. Among approaches for ...facilitating well-being, music is reported to be one of the most effective ones, which was especially proven during Covid-19 pandemic. Given the significance of music and music listening in late adolescence, our study sought to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and music listening among university students (
= 603;
female = 356,
male = 247) with a focus on the social, intrapersonal, and sociocultural context of music listening. The RESPECT music scale, the SPWB, and the PANAS were used to measure positive and negative affect as well as the six components of psychological well-being. The findings revealed that, while there were no gender differences in the sociocultural setting, females reported to listen to music more frequently than males in intrapersonal and social contexts. In two areas, female students rated their psychological well-being higher than male students: personal growth and positive relationships with others. They also reported experiencing positive and negative affect more frequently than men. Regression analyses revealed that the functions of music explained only a small amount of the variance in psychological well-being. Specifically, music listening in a social and sociocultural context significantly explained two aspects of psychological well-being: personal growth and positive relations with others. The intrapersonal context of music listening predicted a positive affect, while the social context predicted a negative affect. Our study highlights several implications of music listening in youth regarding gender either in everyday activities or in educational and clinical setting.
Teorijski okvir ovoga rada sačinjavaju teorija univerzalnih sadržaja i strukture vrijednosti te model doživljaja roditeljstva kao polazište za istraživanje roditeljskih utjecaja na razvojne ishode ...adolescenata. Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati odnos između univerzalnih vrijednosti majki i subjektivnoga doživljaja majčinstva te samopoštovanja, samoefikasnosti i školskoga postignuća (pred)adolescenata. U istraživanju su sudjelovale 234 dijade majka – dijete, a primijenjeni su sljedeći upitnici i skale samoprocjene: upitnici općih podataka za majku i adolescente, Upitnik samoefikasnosti za djecu, Skala samopoštovanja, Upitnik životnih vrijednosti te Skala osjećaja roditeljske kompetentnosti. Rezultati su potvrdili neke očekivane rodne razlike u adolescenata, kao i razlike u vrijednostima majki s obzirom na njihovu dob i razinu obrazovanja. Subjektivna procjena kompetentnosti majki značajno je korelirala s vrijednostima postignuća, moći te trijadom konzervativnih vrijednosti. Provedene regresijske analize pokazale su da se manji dio varijance samopoštovanja, samoefikasnosti i postignuća (pred)adolescenata može pripisati vrijednostima majki, pri čemu su najvažniju ulogu imale upravo konzervativne vrijednosti.
The theoretical framework of this paper is the theory of value contents and structure and the model of parenting experience as a starting point for researching parental influences on the developmental outcomes of adolescents. The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the universal values of mothers and the subjective experience of motherhood and self-esteem, self-efficacy and school achievement of (pre)adolescents. A total of 234 mother-child dyads participated in the research, and the following self-assessment questionnaires and scales were used: General Data Questionnaires for mother and adolescents, Self-Efficiency Questionnaire for children, Self-Esteem Scale, Life Values Questionnaire and Parental Sense of Competence Questionnaire. The results confirmed some expected gender differences in adolescents, as well as differences in mothers’ values with respect to their age and level of education. Subjective assessment of maternal competence was significantly correlated with values of achievement, power, and triad of conservative values. Regression analyses showed that a smaller portion of the variance of self-esteem, self-efficacy and achievement of (pre)adolescents can be attributed to the values of the mother, with the most important role being conservative values.
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Roditeljstvojevrlo odgovornaizahtjevna životna uloga koja se odvija u kontekstu mnogih društvenih promjena. Dinamika suvremene obitelji, ocekivanjai težnje roditelja, promjeneushvacanjima prirode ...djecei roditeljskog autoriteta, ubrzan tehnološki razvoji dostupnost raznih informacija o pozitivnom roditeljstvu samosunekiodcimbenika koji mogu oblikovati subjektivan doživljaj roditeljske uloge.UHrvatskojsuvrlo rijetka istraživanja u kojimasuufokusu roditelji, aosobito kvalitativna istraživanja kojasuusmjerenanasubjektivna iskustvaibrige roditelja djece razlicite dobi. Uovomce seradu prikazati rezultati kvalitativnog istraživanja kojejeimalozacilj istražiti osobna iskustvaiizazove roditelja djece razlicite dobi, roditelja djeceuranomi kasnom djetinjstvu, adolescencijii vec "odrasle" djece. Kvalitativno istraživanje provedenojeuhrvatskim regijamateje sudjelovalo 103 roditelja (90 majki i 13 oceva) u 16 fokus-grupa. U prikazu rezultata detaljnoce se razmotriti istraživacke teme, uzkategorizaciju osobnih iskustava iizazova roditelja djece razlicite dobi. Kljucne rijeci: suvremeno roditeljstvo, subjektivna iskustva roditelja, fokus-grupe, kvalitativna analiza Ivana Macuka, Odjel za psihologiju, Sveucilište u Zadru, Obala kralja Petra Krešimira IV, br. 2, 23000 Zadar, Hrvatska. E-mail: imorand@unizd.hr Parenting is a very responsible and demanding life role that takes place in the context of various social changes. The dynamics of the modern family, parents' expectations and aspirations, changes in perceptions of the nature of children and parental authority, rapid technological development, and availability of various information on positive parenting present just some of the factors that can shape subjective parenting. Research that focuses on parents, specifically qualitative studies focused on the subjective experiences and concerns of parents of children of different ages are very rare in Croatia. This paper presents the results of a qualitative research that aimed to explore the personal experiences and challenges of parents of children of different ages--parents of children in early and late childhood, adolescence, and children in emerging adulthood. Qualitative research was conducted in different regions of Croatia and a total of 103 parents (90 mothers and 13 fathers) participated in 16 focus groups. Results include detailed analysis of research topics, with the categorisation of personal experiences and challenges of parents of children of different ages. Keywords: contemporary parenting, subjective experiences of parents, focus groups, qualitative analysis
Roditeljska je uloga jedna od najzahtjevnijih životnih uloga koja istovremeno može biti vrlo ispunjavajuća, ali i vrlo zahtjevna i stresna. U posljednje se vrijeme bilježi velik interes za proučavanj ...e sagorij evanj a u roditelj stvu koj e karakterizira silna iscrplj enost povezana s roditelj skom ulogom, emocionalno udaljavanje od djece i osjećaj neučinkovitosti u roditeljskoj ulozi te sumnja u sposobnost da se bude dobar roditelj. U ovome su radu prikazane validacij a i metrij ske karakteristike hrvatskoga prijevoda Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu (engl. Parental Burnout Assessment, PBA) autorice I. Roskam i suradnica (2018) koji sadrži četiri supskale (iscrpljenost u roditeljskoj ulozi, suprotnost s prethodnim doživljajem sebe kao roditelja, zasićenost roditeljskom ulogom te emocionalno udaljavanje od djece). Hrvatska verzija Upitnika sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu pokazala je zadovoljavajuće metrijske karakteristike utvrdene na uzorku od 1025 roditelja (90 % majki) prosječne dobi 40 godina. Rezultati konfirmatorne faktorske analize potvrdili su pretpostavljenu teorij sku četverofaktorsku strukturu upitnika, a ujedno se faktori grupiraju u jedan faktor višega reda sagorij evanj a u roditelj skoj ulozi. U prilog valj anosti upitnika govore i značajne očekivane korelacij e izmedu roditeljskih samoprocjena sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu i sklonosti perfekcionizmu u roditeljstvu te zanemarivanju djece i nasilju prema njima. Unutarnja konzistencija za ukupnu mjeru sagorijevanja u roditeljstvu iznosi visokih .98, a za supskale od .87 do .96.
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The family environment is considered to be a micro-ecological system with numerous risk and protective factors for mental health. The goal of this research was to determine how different functional ...and/or structural family characteristics affect some indicators of mental health in adolescents. A number of 1,239 adolescents (ages 15–19) participated in the research. General Data Questionnaire, Family Life Satisfaction Scale, Family Communication Scale, Positive Mental Health Scale, Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, and Stressful Events in the Family Checklist, were applied. The results indicated no connection between sociodemographic characteristics and self-assessed satisfaction. Adolescents with older parents were less satisfied with their family and familial communication. Gender differences in mental health were confirmed, mostly to the detriment of girls. The mother’s age and the father’s level of education significantly correlate with individual mental health. Adolescents with older mothers reported lower mental health. Adolescents with fathers of lower educational status reported higher stress and depression level. Stress within the family proved to be significant in explaining adolescents’ mental health, especially due to financial issues, and conflicts among family members. Finally, the results indicated that family communication and satisfaction, with the control of sociodemographic characteristics and stress in a family, additionally explain the significant part of the variance in adolescents’ mental health.
This research explored students’ artistic preferences for musical and visual arts (paintings) from different world cultures, outside the dominant Western European and Anglo-Saxon art field. The main ...goal of the research was to examine the possibility of predicting these preferences based on multicultural personality traits, within the concept of multicultural effectiveness. A total of 427 participants took part in the study. The following instruments were used: General Data Questionnaire, Multicultural Personality Inventory, Musical Preferences Questionnaire, and Painting Preferences Questionnaire. The results indicated a significant correlation between age and musical preferences, as well as between artistic experience (attending theatre productions and art exhibitions) and musical/painting preferences. Among the multicultural personality traits, only open-mindedness and cultural empathy positively correlated with artistic preferences. Results of regression analysis in which preferences were used as criteria showed that, after demographics of participants and their artistic experience have been controlled for, open-mindedness positively predicted musical and painting preferences, while both open-mindedness and cultural empathy proved to be significant positive predictors of painting preferences. Other significant predictor for both preferences was attending art exhibitions. Musical preferences were related with older age, while vocational high school education predicted higher preferences for paintings. Although predictors explained relatively small amount of criterion variance, the obtained results confirmed that multicultural personality dispositions have little, but significant contribution to world artistic preferences.
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This research aimed to explore the role of parental characteristics and mindful parenting in risk behaviour of adolescents. A total of 604 participants took part in the study, out of which N = 361 ...were adolescents aged 13 to 18, N = 158 were their mothers, and N = 85 fathers. To achieve the aim of the research, the following questionnaires were used: The General Data Questionnaire for Adolescents and Parents, The Adolescent Risk Behaviour Questionnaire, The Family Satisfaction Scale, and The Mindful Parenting Questionnaire. The results indicated that male adolescents report more often on violent behaviour, while girls report symptoms of eating disorders and they are less satisfied with their life. Related to age, older adolescents report lower life and family satisfaction and more often normative undesirable behaviour. The family satisfaction of adolescents, as well as mindful parenting, are negatively associated with risk behaviour, while the focus of attention on the child, self-efficacy, and empathy is positively related to the satisfaction of adolescents. The results support existing knowledge in this field and have strong practical implications for prevention and treatment interventions targeting family context.
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The aim of this research was to explore gender differences in musical taste and the mediating role of functions of music between gender and musical taste. The research included 740 Croatian and ...Slovenian students. The results confirmed the existence of gender differences in both musical taste and functions of music. Females preferred the Reflective-Complex musical style, while males showed greater preferences towards Intense-Rebellious style of music. There was no significant gender difference in preferring Traditional and Contemporary Ethno or Energetic and Rhythmic musical style. With regard to the functions of music, there were no significant differences between males and females in identity/culture and background and focus /concentration functions of music. Males assessed political attitudes as a more important function of music than females, while females assessed all other functions of music higher than males did. A complete mediation effect of functions of music was established for gender and Reflective-Complex and Slo-Yugo Pop musical style.
Music plays a significant developmental role in the life of adolescents and has different functions in the life of an individual. Listening to music is one of the most important activities of ...adolescents, while their music preferences reflect their values, conflicts, and developmental problems they are faced with in everyday life. It is important to understand how adolescents use and experience music on a daily basis and what factors impact their use of music. The power of preference for a specific kind of music depends on the degree to which that type of music fulfills certain functions because the level of functionality and the power of music preference are correlated. While identity formation, peer socialization, and social perception remain important functions of music throughout one's life, they are especially important in the period of adolescence. To understand better the strong links between music preferences and the functions of music in an individual's life, it is important to include the personality factor that provides practical and relevant information about what makes us who we are. Music education can influence the music preferences of young people because listening to music is an important activity in their leisure time. The paper presents theoretical models of music preferences, characteristics of music, contexts of listening to music, correlation between music preferences and personality traits, as well as the functions of music that are most relevant in the life of adolescents.
The aim of this research was to find out if mindful parenting contributes to internalised and externalised problems in preschool children. A total of 168 mothers, fathers and preschool teachers took ...part in the research, which assesses the extent of internalised and externalised problems in 76 preschool children. Additionally, both parents completed the Mindfulness in Parenting Questionnaire. Results showed that internalised and externalised problems were significantly correlated, with externalised problems being more prominent in boys. Mothers and fathers differed only in one aspect of mindful parenting, empathic understanding for the child, which was higher in mothers. When analysing differences in mindful parenting of boys/girls, the results showed that fathers of boys have higher parental awareness than fathers of girls, while there were no other significant differences. Mindful parenting did not prove significant in predicting internalised problems of preschool children. In contrast, the results showed that 30% of externalised problems in children can be explained by the child’s gender and by mindful parenting from both parents. These findings point to some differences between mothers and fathers contributing to externalised problems. Specifically, the father’s focusing attention on the child with acceptance and the mother’s self-efficacy were related to lower externalising problems, while the father’s empathic understanding of the child and mother’s non-reactivity were related to more externalising problems in children. The results are discussed in the context of existing knowledge about implicit parenting and child development outcomes.
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