The KEK to Kamioka long-baseline neutrino experiment (K2K) has begun its investigation of neutrino oscillations suggested by atmospheric neutrino observations. Twenty-eight neutrino events have been ...detected in coincidence with the expected arrival time of the beam in the 22.5 kt fiducial volume of Super-Kamiokande, the far detector at 250 km distance. The expectation is 37.8
+3.5
−3.8, derived using measurements of neutrino interactions in a near detector and extrapolation using a beam simulation validated by a measurement of pion kinematics after production and focusing. The background is of order 10
−3 events.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A mathematical model that can estimate the transient erosion process of the blast furnace hearth has been developed. This mathematical model can treat the molten iron flow, heat transfer and the ...brick/refractory erosion at the hearth. To verify the availability of the mathematical model, comparisons of computational final erosion profile of the hearth were made with the investigation results of the dissection blast furnace and computational results gave good agreement with the measured one. The effects of the distribution profile of the dripping molten iron flow rate into the hearth, the coke free layer size, production rate of the molten iron, thermal conductivity of the carbon brick and the fluid flow resistance through the coke packed bed were examined by using this mathematical model.
In logged-over stands in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, in which Shorea leprosula seedlings were planted along cleared lines 14-15 years before this study, buttress heights and total surface areas ...were measured on naturally-regenerated and planted trees 20-40 cm diameter at 1.3 m height. Maximum buttress heights were 0.14 m (41%) higher on naturally-regenerated trees. Contrary to our expectations, the tallest buttresses were not concentrated on the uphill sides of tree bases nor on the opposite side of the trunk from the longest crown radius but crowns did extend farthest downslope. These findings suggest some minor adjustments to timber yield projections if the buttressed portions of the lowermost logs are not harvested.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several studies have suggested that the endocannabinoid system plays significant roles in the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders including drug abuse. To examine the possible association of the ...CNR1 and CNR2 genes, which encode cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, with methamphetamine dependence, we investigated three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs806379, rs1535255, rs2023239) in intron 2 of the CNR1 gene and a nonsynonymous SNP, Q63R, in the CNR2 gene. The study samples consisted of 223 patients with methamphetamine dependence and 292 age- and sex- matched controls. There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in genotypic or allelic distribution of any SNP of the CNR1 and CNR2 genes. We also analyzed the clinical features of methamphetamine dependence. Rs806379 of the CNR1 gene showed a significant association with the phenotype of latency of psychosis after the first consumption of methamphetamine. Patients with the T allele or T-positive genotypes (T/T or A/T) may develop a rapid onset of psychosis after methamphetamine abuse. The present study suggests a possibility that genetic variants of the CNR1 gene may produce a liability to the complication of psychotic state after abuse of methamphetamine; however, our findings need to be confirmed by future replications.
Susceptibility to drug dependence and drug-induced psychoses is influenced not only by the pharmacological effects of the drug but also by the genetic factors of the individual. To clarify the ...latter, we investigated the association between methamphetamine (METH) dependence/psychosis and the hDAT1 gene (SLC6A3) encoding the dopamine transporter, which is the primary site of METH activity in the brain. Four exonic polymorphisms of the hDAT1 gene, 242C/T (exon 2), 1342A/G (exon 9), 2319G/A (3'UTR), and VNTR (3'UTR) were examined. Although there was no significant difference in genotypic and allelic distribution of the four polymorphisms between all METH dependence/psychosis patients (N=124) and controls (N=160), the patients with METH psychosis lasting for 1 month or more after discontinuance of METH consumption showed a significant excess of nine- or fewer repeat alleles of the VNTR in 3'UTR of the hDAT1 gene (P=0.0054, OR=4.24, 95% CI=2.46-7.31). The present study demonstrated that the presence of nine- or fewer repeat alleles of hDAT1 is a strong risk factor for a worse prognosis of METH psychosis.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Phosphorus ions have been implanted in p-type, (11–20)-oriented 4H–SiC to fabricate highly doped n-type layers, with a box-shaped electrical profile, in the substrate. It has been shown that an ...implantation-induced amorphous layer epitaxially re-crystallizes during annealing at 1000°C. Electrical profile measurements have been successfully made on samples annealed at/above 1200°C. An ∼100nm-thick n-type layer, uniformly doped at carrier concentrations of ∼1×1020cm−3, is formed after annealing at 1500°C and an extremely low resistivity of 1.4×10−3Ωcm is achieved in the P-implanted layer. It is also demonstrated that a considerable large number of P atoms are lost from the substrate during annealing above 1400°C. The surface morphology of P-implanted 4H–SiC is deteriorated when annealed at 1600°C.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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