Eighteen samples were collected from the south basin of Lake Biwa and Seta River between July 2019 and July 2022. Total 29 species of scale-bearing chrysophytes; 17 species of Mallomonas, 5 of ...Synura, 5 of Spiniferomonas and 2 of Paraphysomonas were found. Among them, Mallomonas corymbosa was new to Japan, and four species; M. flora, M. paxillata, M. pumilio and Spiniferomonas bilacunosa were first reported from Lake Biwa and Seta River.
Purpose
Prior to publication of the Clavien-Dindo classification in 2004, there were no grading definitions for surgical complications in either clinical practice or surgical trials. This report ...establishes supplementary criteria for this classification to standardize the evaluation of postoperative complications in clinical trials.
Methods
The Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) commissioned a committee. Members from nine surgical study groups (gastric, esophageal, colorectal, lung, breast, gynecologic, urologic, bone and soft tissue, and brain) specified postoperative complications experienced commonly in their fields and defined more detailed grading criteria for each complication in accordance with the general grading rules of the Clavien-Dindo classification.
Results
We listed 72 surgical complications experienced commonly in surgical trials, focusing on 17 gastroenterologic complications, 13 infectious complications, six thoracic complications, and several other complications. The grading criteria were defined simply and were optimized for surgical complications.
Conclusions
The JCOG postoperative complications criteria (JCOG PC criteria) aim to standardize the terms used to define adverse events (AEs) and provide detailed grading guidelines based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. We believe that the JCOG PC criteria will allow for more precise comparisons of the frequency of postoperative complications among trials across many different surgical fields.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, we discuss what longitudinal research is, why it is necessary, and how to conduct it in real developmental-research context. Longitudinal research can be conducted using various ...research designs, but their common features are that data are collected from the same subject at multiple time points and analyses focus on change over time and relationships within individuals. Longitudinal approaches with these characteristics are beneficial to developmental research because they enable the researcher to (1) separate the effects of age, cohort, and period, (2) quantify trajectories of intraindividual change and how these differ between individuals, and (3) identify clues to causal relationships (especially temporal order). Taking a longitudinal approach increases the complexity of research design and data-analysis methodology. However, this cost is offset by the potential to broaden and deepen developmental research by generating creative research questions of a different kind from those generated by cross-sectional studies.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
For next-era optical interconnects in data centers, development of compact, energy-efficient, low-cost, and high-speed optical transceivers are required, for which high-performance external ...modulators in silicon photonics will be key components. We present a silicon photonic crystal waveguide slow light Mach-Zehnder modulator suitable for this purpose. The enhancement in the modulation efficiency via the slow light effect reduces the halfwave voltage-length product V π L , maintaining a wide working spectrum over 15 nm. The frequency response of the slow light modulator is constricted by an electrooptic phase mismatch between slow light and RF signals. In this study, this was dramatically improved by matching the phase using meanderline electrodes that delay RF signals. The cutoff frequency was experimentally evaluated to be 32-38 GHz. Using this device, we demonstrated high-speed modulation, including 64-Gbps on-off keying, 100-Gbps pulse amplitude modulation, and 50-Gbps/ch wavelength division multiplexing in 170-200-μm- long devices.
Optical beam scanning is a widely utilized function in optical systems and a compact nonmechanical solid-state device has long been anticipated. Here, we have studied such a device consisting of ...photonic crystal slow-light waveguides and switch trees, fabricated by a Si photonics process, employing a bespoke prism lens for beam collimation. Further in this study, we particularly demonstrated the operation of the device only by the thermo-optic (TO) tuning of its components, at a fixed wavelength of light. A spot beam of ∼0.1° divergence, was scanned in two dimensions, in the angular range of 40° × 8.8° and average power consumption of < 0.7 W. Neglecting some disordered beams caused by the non-uniformity of the fabricated device, the estimated number of resolution points was 400 × 32 = 12,800, which required a significant effort in the device fabrication and calibration, utilizing optical-phased arrays, if the same performance was targeted.
In addition to traditional open surgical repair (OSR), endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is currently another strong option to treat RAAA. All vascular surgeons who try to save RAAA patients must ...be deeply versed in both OSR and EVAR. In this article, current trend of RAAA treatment and abdominal compartment syndrome, which has been most important postoperative complication, are reviewed. (This is a translation of Jpn J Vasc Surg 2019; 28: 127–132.)
Ketamine toxicity has been demonstrated in nonhuman mammalian neurons. To study the toxic effect of ketamine on human neurons, an experimental model of cultured neurons from human induced pluripotent ...stem cells (iPSCs) was examined, and the mechanism of its toxicity was investigated.
Human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons were treated with 0, 20, 100 or 500 μM ketamine for 6 and 24 h. Ketamine toxicity was evaluated by quantification of caspase 3/7 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP concentration, neurotransmitter reuptake activity and NADH/NAD+ ratio. Mitochondrial morphological change was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy.
Twenty-four-hour exposure of iPSC-derived neurons to 500 μM ketamine resulted in a 40% increase in caspase 3/7 activity (P < 0.01), 14% increase in ROS production (P < 0.01), and 81% reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01), compared with untreated cells. Lower concentration of ketamine (100 μM) decreased the ATP level (22%, P < 0.01) and increased the NADH/NAD+ ratio (46%, P < 0.05) without caspase activation. Transmission electron microscopy showed enhanced mitochondrial fission and autophagocytosis at the 100 μM ketamine concentration, which suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction preceded ROS generation and caspase activation.
We established an in vitro model for assessing the neurotoxicity of ketamine in iPSC-derived neurons. The present data indicate that the initial mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy may be related to its inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial electron transport system, which underlies ketamine-induced neural toxicity. Higher ketamine concentration can induce ROS generation and apoptosis in human neurons.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We performed a validation study to confirm the prognostic importance of the presence of a ground-glass opacity component based on data of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group study, JCOG0201, which was ...a prospective observational study to predict the pathological noninvasiveness of clinical stage IA lung cancer in Japan.
Among the 811 patients registered in JCOG0201, 671 were confirmed eligible by study monitoring and a central review of computed tomography. Registered c-stage IA lung cancer was less than 30 mm in maximum tumor size, which was classified into a with ground-glass opacity group (pure ground-glass opacity and part-solid tumor) or solid group based on the status of a ground-glass opacity component. T staging was reassigned in accordance with the 8th edition of the TNM staging system. To validate the prognostic impact, overall survival was estimated.
Of the cases, 432 (64%) were in the with ground-glass opacity group and 239 (36%) were in the solid group with a median follow-up time of 10.1 years. The 5-year overall survival was significantly different between the with ground-glass opacity group and solid group (95.1% vs 81.1%). The 5-year overall survival was excellent regardless of the solid component size in the with ground-glass opacity group (c-T1a or less: 97.2%, c-T1b: 93.4%, c-T1c: 91.7%). In contrast, prognostic impact of the tumor size was definitive in the solid group (c-T1a: 87.5%, c-T1b: 85.9%, c-T1c: 73.7%).
Favorable prognostic impact of the presence of a ground-glass opacity component was demonstrated in JCOG0201. The presence or absence of a ground-glass opacity should be considered as an important parameter in the next clinical T classification.
This supplemental analysis aimed to confirm the prognostic importance of the presence of a GGO component based on data of the JCOG study, JCOG0201. Among the 671 eligible patients, 432 (64%) were classified in the with GGO group and 239 (36%) were classified in the solid group according to the radiological central review board. The 5-year OS was excellent regardless of the solid component size in the with GGO group, whereas prognostic impact of the tumor size was definitive in the solid group. The presence or absence of a GGO would be considered as an important parameter in the next clinical T classification. GGO, Ground-glass opacity. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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