We report three experiments investigating how people process anomalous sentences, in particular those in which the anomaly is associated with the verb. We contrast two accounts for the processing of ...such anomalous sentences: a syntactic account, in which the representations constructed for anomalous sentences are similar in nature to the ones constructed for well-formed sentences; and a semantic account, in which the representations constructed for anomalous sentences are erroneous, or altogether missing, and interpretation is achieved on the basis of semantic representations instead. To distinguish between these accounts, we used structural priming. First, we ruled out the possibility that anomaly per se influences the magnitude of the priming effect: Prime sentences with morphologically incorrect verbs produced similarly enhanced priming (lexical boost) to sentences with the same correct verbs (Exp. 1). Second, we found that prime sentences with a novel verb (Exp. 2) or a semantically and syntactically incongruent verb (Exp. 3) produced a priming effect, which was the same as that produced by well-formed sentences. In accord with the syntactic account, we conclude that the syntactic representations of anomalous sentences are similar to those constructed for well-formed sentences. Our results furthermore suggest that lexically-independent syntactic information is robust enough to produce well-formed syntactic representations during processing without requiring aid from lexically-based syntactic information.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Borrelia burgdorferi contains one 16S rRNA gene and two tandem sets of 23S and 5S rRNA genes located in a single chromosomal region. This unusual rRNA gene organization has been speculated to be ...involved in the slow growth of this organism. Because we were repeatedly unable to isolate a 23S ribosomal mutant in
B. burgdorferi by allelic exchange, we developed a transposition mutagenesis system for this bacterium. To this end,
Himar1 transposase is expressed in
B. burgdorferi from a resident plasmid containing an erythromycin resistance marker, and this strain is then electroporated with suicide plasmids containing
mariner transposons and kanamycin resistance genes expressible in
B. burgdorferi. This system permitted us to generate hundreds of erythromycin/kanamycin-resistant
B. burgdorferi clones with each of three suicide plasmids. DNA sequencing of several kanamycin-resistant clones generated with one of the suicide plasmids showed stable and random insertion of the transposon into the
B. burgdorferi chromosomal and plasmid genome. One mutant was inactivated in
rrlA (23S rRNA), another in
ftsJ (
rrmJ).
rrlA disruption had no effect on growth rate under a wide range of culture conditions, but disruption of
ftsJ interfered significantly with growth rate and bacterial morphology. These data show it is possible to isolate random and stable
B. burgdorferi transposition mutants for physiological analysis of this pathogenic spirochete.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
At the PF1B cold neutron beam line at the Institut Laue Langevin the EXILL array consisting of EXOGAM, GASP and LOHENGRIN detectors was used to perform (n,γ) measurements under very high coincidence ...rates. About ten different reactions were then measured in autumn 2012. In spring 2013 the EXOGAM array was combined with 16 LaBr3(Ce) scintillators in the FATIMA@EXILL campaign for the measurement of lifetimes using the generalised centroid difference method. We report on the properties of both set-ups and present first results on Pt isotopes from both campaigns.
ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the association between age-related comorbidities (ARCs) and 5-year HIV-related excess mortality in people living with HIV aged ≥60 years.DesignCohort study ...using relative survival analysis (Estève’s model).SettingThe French multicentre prospective Dat’AIDS cohort that involves 12 French hospitals.ParticipantsInclusion of 1415 HIV-1 infected patients actively followed aged ≥60 years on January 2008, with a 5-year follow-up period in the late combination antiretroviral therapy era.ResultsAmong 1415 patients included, 154 died. By multivariable analysis, factors predictive of 5-year HIV-related excess mortality were non-AIDS-related cancer (adjusted excess HR (aEHR)=2.94; 95% CI 1.32 to 6.57), cardiovascular disease (aEHR=6.00; 95% CI 2.45 to 14.65), chronic renal disease (aEHR=4.86; 95% CI 2.24 to 10.53), cirrhosis (aEHR=3.58; 95% CI 1.25 to 10.28), hepatitis C co-infection (aEHR=3.63; 95% CI 1.44 to 9.12), body mass index<18.5 kg/m² (aEHR=4.10; 95% CI 1.61 to 10.48) and having a CD4 cell count ≤200/mm3 (aEHR=5.79; 95% CI 2.28 to 14.69).ConclusionsARCs, particularly cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease, are predictive of HIV-related excess mortality, with an increase in hazard similar to that of CD4 cell count.Trial registration number NCT02898987.
The sol–gel method was employed for the synthesis of binary X–Co (X: Mn, Cr) oxide-doped silica membranes with different X/Co molar ratios (X/Co: 0.1, 0.3, 0.9). Single-gas permeation tests were ...performed at 200 °C to determine the effect of the binary oxide composition on the amorphous silica network. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) indicated the presence of smaller Mn x Co 3−x O 4 and Cr x Co 3−x O 4 oxide nanocrystals in the silica matrix in addition to amorphous Co, Mn and Cr species. The H 2 /N 2 permeance ratio decreased from (126.3 ± 9) to (10.7 ± 2) with an increase in X/Co molar ratio from 0.1 to 0.9 due to the formation of larger pores. However, the binary Co–X oxide-doped silica membrane with the lowest X content showed a H 2 /N 2 permeance ratio, (126.3 ± 9), higher than that, (63.6 ± 6), of the single cobalt oxide silica membrane. Based on FTIR analysis, it was found that the densification of the membrane at low X content resulted from the formation of silica structures with narrowed siloxane rings. In contrast, the enlargement of siloxane rings due to favorable condensation reactions occurred at high X content.
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In a randomized phase 3 trial involving patients with acute intermittent porphyria, the use of givosiran, an oligonucleotide drug designed to target messenger RNA encoding aminolevulinic acid ...synthase, led to a 74% lower annualized porphyria attack rate than the use of placebo at 6 months.
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of first-line combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen on the course of CD8 T-cell counts in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected ...patients.A retrospective observational study conducted on the French DAT'AIDS Cohort of HIV-infected patients.We selected 605 patients initiating a first-line cART between 2002 and 2009, and which achieved a sustained undetectable HIV plasma viral load (pVL) for at least 12 months without cART modification. The evolution of CD8 T-cell counts according to cART regimen was assessed.CD8 T-cell counts were assessed in 572 patients treated with 2NRTIs+1PI/r (n= 297), 2NRTIs+1NNRTI (n= 207) and 3NRTIs (n= 68). In multivariate analysis, after 12 months of follow-up, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a significantly smaller decrease of CD8 T-cell count compared with NNRTI-containing regimens (-10.2 cells/μL in 3NRTIs vs -105.1 cells/μL; P=0.02) but not compared with PI-containing regimens (10.2 vs -60.9 cells/μL; P=0.21). After 24 months, the 3NRTIs regimen was associated with a smaller decrease of CD8 T-cell count and % compared with PI/r- and NNRTI-containing regimens (0.2 in 3NRTIs vs -9.9 with PI/r-regimens, P=0.001, and vs -11.1 with NNRTI-regimens, p < 0.0001). A focus analysis on 11 patients treated with an INSTI-containing cART regimen during the study period showed after 12 months of follow-up, a median decrease of CD8 T-cell count of -155 inter quartile range: -302; -22 cells/μL.Our data highlight the fact that cART regimens have differential effects on CD8 pool down regulation.
Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by means of imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) was performed. Structural characterization of funtionalized nanofillers (IL-f-MWCNTs) was made by ...means of Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. MWCNTs and IL-f-MWCNTs were introduced within ethylene octane copolymer (EOC) with octene co-monomer content of 17% by using the masterbatch approach. The efficiency of the carbonaceous nanofiller distribution within the polymer matrix was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that MWCNTs and IL-f-MWCNTs were both effective in rising storage modulus, tensile modulus, stress-at break, and electrical conductivity of EOC-based nanocomposites along with the increasing nanofiller content. Besides, it was observed that the modification efficiency of the investigated EOC matrix composites by IL-f-MWCNTs was greater in comparison to pristine MWCNTs. Key words: material science, carbon nanotubes, polyethylene copolymer, nanocomposites
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The isobaric distribution of fission residues produced following the bombardment of a natural uranium target with a beam of 25 MeV protons has been evaluated. Decay analysis of thirteen isobarically ...distinct fission residues were carried out using high-resolution gamma -spectrometry at the UK National Physical Laboratory. Stoichiometric abundances were calculated via the determination of absolute activity concentrations associated with the longest-lived members of each isobaric chain. This technique was validated by computational modelling of likely sequential decay processes through an isobaric decay chain. The results were largely in agreement with previously published values for neutron bombardments on super(238)U at energies of 14 MeV. Higher yields of products with mass numbers A~110-130 were found, consistent with the increasing yield of these radionuclides as the bombarding energy is increased.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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