Relative humidity (RH) plays a crucial role in wetting and spreading phenomena by affecting the evaporation rate, evaporation modes, and spreading dynamics via precursor film formation, surface ...modification, and surface tension alteration. We examined the effect of the periodically varied relative humidity (RH) between low (20%) and high (85%) levels on the wetting of the droplet of nonhygroscopic (pure surfactants) and hygroscopic (ethylene glycol, glycerol) liquids on a hydrophobic surface. It was revealed that the changing RH induces two modes of transition between the wetting states of the droplet: with hysteresis and without hysteresis. Droplets of both nonhygroscopic and hygroscopic liquids exhibit shape hysteresis during the first cycle: (i) droplets of surfactants irreversibly spread saving an initial volume; and (ii) ethylene glycol and glycerol droplets irreversibly absorb the moisture, increasing the volume and the base diameter. Further, cyclically changing the RH results in the droplet breathing effect, i.e., the nonhysteresis transition of the droplet shape between two wetting states corresponding to the minimum and maximum RH levels. In the case of the glycerol droplet for three cycles of the RH variation, the volume hysteresis (the droplet volume increases in each cycle) was observed. This is determined by the moisture absorption due to high hygroscopicity of glycerol. We also revealed that for all liquids studied, the droplet spreading at each increase in RH started at reaching the RH threshold level.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Based on the results of satellite measurements using OMI instrumentation (NASA, USA) at 354 nm in 2005–2020 (http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov) over nine populated areas in Russia, after the exclusion of ...cases of the smoke and dust registration in the atmosphere, approximations were obtained for temporal variations in average long-term values of atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) in April to September. The approximations obtained for four most spaced-apart areas made it possible to develop a spatiotemporal model of average long-term AOD in the ultraviolet band for the territory from 43° to 60° N and from 33° to 133° E for a warm season. A verification of the model using data for the other five areas that were not included in the model development and a comparison of the results with AERONET ground data confirmed a fairly good quality of the model. An analysis of the measurement data is indicative of significant negative annual linear trends in the mean April–September AOD for all analyzed areas
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Satellite measurements provided by NASA (USA) at http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov are used to study the variability and interdependence of polar ozone, polar temperature, and mean zonal wind. A model ...of winter/spring polar ozone in the Arctic and Antarctic is constructed using data on polar temperatures at 30, 70, and 100 hPa levels and mean zonal wind at 10 and 70 hPa levels in the latitude zone of 45°–75°. The results of the statistical analysis of the 1979–2020 polar ozone calculation errors are presented.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A new approach to statistical analysis of the data from the Landsat 8 spacecraft was developed for the first time for the territory of the Urals on the basis of the method of principal components. It ...is based on assessment of the spectral contribution of the mineralogical index to the principal component and aimed at identifying the features of the deep structure of the Toupugol-Khanmeyshor gold mineral district of the Polar Urals. It was found that the prospective gold fields are confined to the contact zone of small ring structures up to 10 km in size. The area is crosscutted by extensive ore-controlling faults of NE or NW strike; on the processed satellite image it is manifested in contrasting spots of the iron (III) oxide index and, to a lesser extent, the iron (II) oxide index. These indexes appear to be indicators of hydrothermal minerals and products of their hypergenesis (e.g., limonite). This prospecting indicator can be further used in metallogenic analysis of detailed satellite images of partially closed regions of the Arctic zone.
Bacteria of the phylum
Verrucomicrobiota
colonize a wide spectrum of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. One of the ecosystems where verrucomicrobia represent a significant part of the indigenous ...microbial community are wetlands. All earlier published information regarding phylogenetic diversity of verrucomicrobia in wetlands, however, refers to raised bogs, while verrucomicrobial diversity in fens remains poorly explored. In this study, we performed a comparative diversity analysis of
Verrucomicrobiota
in six fens of Vologda region. Nucleotide sequences of verrucomicrobia comprised 4 to 7% of all 16S rRNA gene reads retrieved from the examined peat samples. The most abundant groups were represented by members of the families
Pedosphaeraceae
,
Opitutaceae
and the order
Chtoniobacterales
, as well as the as-yet-uncultivated order-candidate S-BQ2-57
.
Numerical correlation between the relative abundance of well-represented taxa and peat characteristics was determined.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Materials readily forming stacks down to monolayer thickness and simultaneously possessing a finite bandgap are highly attractive from both fundamental and applied points of view. In this work, ...high-quality single-crystal samples of a novel layered compound, europium disulfide (EuS
2
), were synthesized under high-temperature-high-pressure conditions and characterized by complementary methods. According to single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the compound crystallizes in a monoclinic structure (space group
P
2
1
/
a
). Flakes down to 1-2 nm thick can be obtained by mechanical exfoliation; the angular dependence of the polarized Raman intensity allows determination of the flakes' orientation. Infrared spectra demonstrate a rich structure in a broad energy range, possibly arising from excitonic effects and interatomic transitions in Eu ions. Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and
ab initio
modeling show that the material is a p-type semiconductor with a 0.9 eV indirect bandgap. At low temperatures, electrical conductivity follows Mott's law, implying the presence of defects, possibly related to the disordering of covalent S-S bonds.
A novel layered compound - europium disulfide - was synthesized under high-temperature-high-pressure conditions and characterized by complementary methods.
Results of indium phosphide structures research, showing the possibility of using in the near infrared range photocathodes of InP/InGaAs, are represented. An optimal method of obtaining the ...atomically clean indium phosphide surface was suggested. The spectral characteristics of InP/InGaAs heterostructure were given. The results of an experimental study of pin-diode, which was used as the receiver of photoelectrons, are presented.
In this paper one of several directions of caesium atomic clock modernisation is presented. This paper deals with theoretical model which takes into account features of the development of magnetic ...field stabilization system for caesium atomic clock and describes the affect of this stabilization system on frequency stability of caesium atomic clock. New magnetic field stabilization system allows eliminating one of the most important perturbing factors affecting on long-term frequency stability. Experimental research of the caesium atomic clock's metrological characteristics with magnetic field stabilization system showed improvement long-term frequency stability on 10%.
Isotopic compositions of O, Mo, and Cu in the IIE iron meteorites have indicated a close affinity to the H chondrite group. The diversity of trace element compositions and their abundance of silicate ...inclusions indicate that IIE iron meteorites were formed in multistage processes. To better constrain the formation of the IIE irons, this study analyzed elemental abundances in the metal of five IIE irons (Elga, Miles, Tobychan, Verkhne Dnieprovsk, and Watson) by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data are interpreted in terms of a new model of IIE crystallization from the metal fraction of completely molten H chondrite‐like material based on the solid/liquid distribution coefficients of siderophile and chalcophile elements changing simultaneously with changes of S concentrations in the remaining liquid during the crystallization of the Fe,Ni phase in the Fe‐Ni‐S system. The model showed that IIE iron compositions could be produced as solid phases at 40–73 wt% of fractional crystallization of the metal component of a bulk H chondrite‐like metallic melt. We propose that IIE iron metal could have originated from the solidified core of a differentiated body of H chondrite‐like composition and sampled different fractions of that core exposed during a catastrophic disruption of the body. The present structure of metal and silicate inclusions of IIE irons was formed by remelting and metal–silicate mixing during late impact event(s) on the parent body surface.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The review is compiled on the basis of the results of using the total ozone (TO) monitoring system for Russia and neighboring territories, which functions in operational mode at the Central ...Aerological Observatory. The monitoring system uses the data from the national network equipped with the M-124 filter ozonometers and operating under the methodological supervision of the Main Geophysical Observatory. The quality of functioning of the entire system is operationally controlled using the OMI satellite equipment observations (NASA, USA). Basic TO observation data are generalized for every month of the fourth quarter of 2023, for the fourth quarter, and for the whole year. The data of the routine observation of surface ozone in the Moscow region are also presented.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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