ABSTRACT The formation process of circumstellar disks is still controversial because of the interplay of complex physical processes that occurs during the gravitational collapse of prestellar cores. ...In this study, we investigate the effect of the Hall current term on the formation of the circumstellar disk using three-dimensional simulations. In our simulations, all non-ideal effects, as well as the radiation transfer, are considered. The size of the disk is significantly affected by a simple difference in the inherent properties of the prestellar core, namely whether the rotation vector and the magnetic field are parallel or anti-parallel. In the former case, only a very small disk ( ) is formed. On the other hand, in the latter case, a massive and large ( ) disk is formed in the early phase of protostar formation. Since the parallel and anti-parallel properties do not readily change, we expect that the parallel and anti-parallel properties are also important in the subsequent disk evolution and the difference between the two cases is maintained or enhanced. This result suggests that the disk size distribution of the Class 0 young stellar objects is bimodal. Thus, the disk evolution can be categorized into two cases and we may call the parallel and anti-parallel systems Ortho-disk and Para-disk, respectively. We also show that the anti-rotating envelopes against the disk rotation appear with a size of . We predict that the anti-rotating envelope will be found in the future observations.
The effect of misalignment between the magnetic field and the angular momentum of molecular cloud cores on the angular momentum evolution during the gravitational collapse is investigated by ideal ...and non-ideal MHD simulations. For the non-ideal effect, we consider the ohmic and ambipolar diffusion. Previous studies that considered the misalignment reported qualitatively contradicting results. Magnetic braking was reported as being either strengthened or weakened by misalignment in different studies. We conducted simulations of cloud core collapse by varying the stability parameter (the ratio of the thermal to gravitational energy of the core) with and without including magnetic diffusion. The non-ideal MHD simulations show the central angular momentum of the core, with θ = 0° ( ) being always greater than that with θ = 90° ( ), independently of , meaning that circumstellar disks form more easily in a core with θ = 0°. The ideal MHD simulations, in contrast, show the central angular momentum of the core with θ = 90° being greater than with θ = 0° for small and smaller for large . Inspection of the angular momentum evolution of the fluid elements reveals three mechanisms contributing to the evolution of the angular momentum: (i) magnetic braking in the isothermal collapse phase, (ii) selective accretion of the rapidly (for θ = 90°) or slowly (for θ = 0°) rotating fluid elements to the central region, and (iii) magnetic braking in the first core and the disk. The difference between the ideal and non-ideal simulations arises from the different efficiencies of (iii).
We investigate the formation and evolution of a first core, protostar, and circumstellar disc with a three-dimensional non-ideal (including both Ohmic and ambipolar diffusion) radiation ...magnetohydrodynamics simulation. We found that the magnetic flux is largely removed by magnetic diffusion in the first-core phase and that the plasma β of the centre of the first core becomes large, β > 104. Thus, proper treatment of first-core phase is crucial in investigating the formation of protostar and disc. On the other hand, in an ideal simulation, β ∼ 10 at the centre of the first core. The simulations with magnetic diffusion show that the circumstellar disc forms at almost the same time of protostar formation even with a relatively strong initial magnetic field (the value for the initial mass-to-flux ratio of the cloud core relative to the critical value is μ = 4). The disc has a radius of r ∼ 1 AU at the protostar formation epoch. We confirm that the disc is rotationally supported. We also show that the disc is massive (Q ∼ 1) and that gravitational instability may play an important role in the subsequent disc evolution.
Electrophoretic deposition is an efficient, high-level process for the manufacture of films or coatings from colloidal suspensions. In this process, electrophoretically deposited materials exhibit ...good microstructure homogeneity and high packing density. The effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) deposition through intermittent high voltage Electrophoretic Deposition (EDP) on the Jute Fibre (JF) surface is analysed. This is a method adapted from the conventional EDP process. Therefore, two parameters, such as pulse type and medium type, are evaluated to obtain an effective and uniform CNT deposition on the JF surface. The pulse types are positive pulse discharge and positive and negative pulse discharge. Both pulses are intermittent and delivered at high voltages. On the other hand, two medium types were considered. The first is composed of CNT and deionized water, and the other is composed of CNT, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), and deionized water. According to the microscopy results and TG, it is clear that the introduction of SDS on the medium, under positive and negative pulse discharge, provided an effective and homogeneous CNT deposition onto the JF surface. As a result of good CNT deposition, it was an enhancement in electrical conductivity and an increase in oxygen functional groups compared to untreated JF. Also, the JF became hydrophobic.
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•EDP modified process is an eco-friendly and one-pot method which allows depositing CNT on the natural fibre surface.•A combination of modulated pulses and stable suspension of SDS/CNT provides a homogeneous deposition on jute fibre surface.•An interconnection layer formed by CNT deposition over natural fibre enhances the electrical properties.•Hydrophobic behaviour of natural fibre is obtained from CNT deposition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim: To isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and determine whether they could potentially be used as heavy metal (cadmium and lead) absorbing probiotics. Methods and Results: The study ...used 53 environmental (mud and sludge) samples to isolate cadmium‐ and lead‐resistant LAB, by following spared plate technique. A total of 255 cadmium‐ and lead‐resistant LAB were isolated from these samples. The survival of 26 of the LAB was found after passing through sequential probiotic characterizations. These 26 probiotic LAB exhibited remarkable variations in their metal‐resistant and metal‐removal abilities. Of 26, seven (Cd54‐2, Cd61‐7, Cd69‐12, Cd70‐13, Pb82‐8, Pb96‐19 and Cd109‐16) and four (Pb71‐1, Pb73‐2, Pb85‐9 and Pb96‐19) strains displayed relatively elevated cadmium‐ and lead‐removal efficiencies from water, respectively, compare with that of the remaining strains. Strains Cd70‐13 and Pb71‐1 showed the highest cadmium (25%) and lead (59%) removal capacity from MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) culture medium, respectively, amongst the selected strains and showed a good adhesive ability on fish mucus. A phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the strains Cd70‐13 and Pb71‐1 belong to Lactobacillus reuteri. Conclusion: Excellent probiotic, metal sorption and adhesive characteristics of newly identified Lact. reuteri strains Cd70‐13 and Pb71‐1 were isolated, which indicated their high potential abilities to survive in the intestinal milieu and to uptake the tested metals from the environment. Significance and Impact of the Study: To our knowledge, this is the first study that has aimed to isolate, characterize and identify metal‐resistant LAB strains that have potential to be a probiotic candidate for food and in vivo challenge studies in the intestinal milieu of fish for the uptake and control of heavy metal bioaccumulation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Recent advances in bidirectional path tracing (BPT) reveal that the use of multiple light sub‐paths and the resampling of a small number of these can improve the efficiency of BPT. By increasing the ...number of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths, the possibility of generating light paths that provide large contributions can be better explored and this can alleviate the correlation of light paths due to the reuse of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths by all eye sub‐paths. The increased number of pre‐sampled light subpaths, however, also incurs a high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage resampling method for BPT to efficiently handle a large number of pre‐sampled light sub‐paths. We also derive a weighting function that can treat the changes in path probability due to the two‐stage resampling. Our method can handle a two orders of magnitude larger number of presampled light sub‐paths than previous methods in equal‐time rendering, resulting in stable and better noise reduction than state‐of‐the‐art methods.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Key Clinical Message
Chronic use of bisphosphonates, in combination with immunosuppressive therapy, increases the risk of jaw osteonecrosis. When sepsis occurs in patients receiving bisphosphonate, ...osteonecrosis of the jaw should be considered a potential source of infection.
Reports of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) accompanied by sepsis are limited. A 75‐year‐old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis, receiving treatment with bisphosphonate and abatacept, developed sepsis secondary to MRONJ. When sepsis occurs in patients receiving bisphosphonate, osteonecrosis of the jaw should be considered a potential source of infection.
(A–I) Computed tomography of the right mandible. Imaging reveals a large area of bone destruction with irregular borders and heterogeneous densities involving the body and ramus of the mandible. The affected bone appears to be sclerotic and fragmented, with areas of sequestration and periosteal reaction. There is also evidence of soft tissue swelling and abscess formation.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Background
Microthrombosis and reactive inflammation contribute to neuronal injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ADAMTS‐13 cleaves von Willebrand factor multimers, and inhibits ...thrombus formation and, seemingly, inflammatory reactions.
Objective
To investigate the effect of ADAMTS‐13 in experimental SAH.
Methods
A total of 100 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: sham (n = 15), SAH (n = 27), vehicle (n = 25), and ADAMTS‐13 (n = 23; 100 μL per 10 g of body weight of 100 μg of ADAMTS‐13 per 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl; 20 min after SAH). Neurologic performance was assessed on days 1 and 2 after SAH. Animals were killed on day 2. The amounts of subarachnoid blood, microthrombi, apoptosis and degenerative neurons were compared. The degree of neuronal inflammation and vasospasm was also compared. In five mice each (SAH and ADAMTS‐13 groups), bleeding time was assessed 2 h after SAH.
Results
Systemic administration of ADAMTS‐13 achieved significant amelioration of microthrombosis and improvement in neurologic performance. ADAMTS‐13 reduced the amount of apoptotic and degenerative neurons. A tendency for decreased neuronal inflammation was observed. ADAMTS‐13 did not show any significant effect on vasospasm. The degree of systemic inflammation was not changed by ADAMTS‐13 administration. ADAMTS‐13 neither increased the amount of subarachnoid blood nor prolonged the bleeding time.
Conclusions
ADAMTS‐13 may reduce neuronal injury after SAH by reducing microthrombosis formation and neuronal inflammation, thereby providing a new option for mitigating the severity of neuronal injury after SAH.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Purpose
The objectives of this study were to clarify whether resection of primary tumor in the extremities for patients with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) improves survival, and to clarify ...patient groups for whom primary tumor resection should be considered.
Methods/patients
Using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database, we identified 1453 patients with metastatic STS of the extremities at initial presentation between 1983 and 2016. Of these 1453 patients, 898 patients underwent primary tumor resection (Surgery group), and 555 patients did not (No-surgery group).
Results
After adjusting for patient background by propensity score matching, a total of 804 patients were included for analysis. Patients in the Surgery group showed improved survival (cancer-specific survival (CSS) hazard ratio (HR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.71 overall survival rate (OS) HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.70). In subclass analysis, patients with high-grade STS, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, or synovial sarcoma showed improved survival in the Surgery group (high grade—CSS HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.45–0.72, OS HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.48–0.71; undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma—CSS HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.84, OS HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.82; leiomyosarcoma—CSS HR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.33–0.75, OS HR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35–0.72; synovial sarcoma—CSS HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.68, OS HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.30–0.62).
Conclusions
Our results indicated that primary tumor resection in metastatic STS exerts positive impacts on survival. Further clinical research is needed to confirm these results.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We aimed to analyze the differential gene expression in various murine dental tissues, expecting to find novel factors that are involved in tooth formation. We here describe the identification of a ...novel ameloblast-specific gene, amelotin (AMTN), by differential display polymerase chain-reaction (DD-PCR) analysis of microdissected ameloblasts, odontoblasts, dental pulp, and alveolar bone cells of 10-day-old mouse incisors. The conceptually translated protein sequence was unique and showed significant homology only with its human orthologue. The amelotin genes from mouse and human displayed a similar exon-intron structure and were expressed from loci on chromosomes 5 and 4, respectively, which have been associated with various forms of amelogenesis imperfecta. Expression of amelotin mRNA was restricted to maturation-stage ameloblasts in developing murine molars and incisors. Amelotin protein was efficiently secreted from transfected cells in culture. Taken together, our findings suggest that amelotin is a novel factor produced by ameloblasts that plays a critical role in the formation of dental enamel.
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CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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