INTRODUCTIONThe Situs viscerum inversus associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation and fixation is an extremely rare condition. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of colon ...cancer associated with intestinal malrotation and mesenterium ileocolicum commune. CASE PRESENTATIONA 34-year-old man with a 2-month history of diarrhea associated with abdominal pain and weight loss underwent abdominal ultrasonography, colonscopy with biopsies and abdominal computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast. A right colonic neoplasm was diagnosed, observed only at surgery, as neither computed tomography or ultrasonography showed the intestinal malrotation. Particularly, the third and the fourth part of the duodenum descended vertically, without Treitz's ligament in support to the duodeno-jejunal flexure. The small bowel and the colon were located in the right and left side of the abdominal cavity, respectively. CONCLUSIONThe anomaly of situs viscerum inversus influenced the surgical strategy in this case because of the vascular and lymphatic anomalies. Lymphatic vessels were therefore marked with subserosal injection of patent blue in the proximity of the tumor. Subsequently, right colectomy was performed. Colectomy extended from the distal ileum to the descending colon, by ligature of the right colic artery and vein at the origin from the superior mesenteric vessels. Patent blue guided lymphadenectomy was also performed with curative intent. Finally, a mechanical ileo-colic anastomosis was carried out. After right colectomy and ileo-descending anastomosis, the Ladd's procedure for intestinal malrotation was unnecessary. The authors believe that this strategy, despite the anatomical difficulties, represents an effective procedure for the radical surgical treatment of the right colon cancer associated with anomalies of intestinal rotation and fixation.
A full‐length cDNA aldolase A clone was isolated from a human fibroblast cDNA library and completely sequenced. Excluding the poly(A) tail, the clone covers 1095 base pairs (bp) òf the coding region, ...plus 199 bp downstream for the termination codon and 146 bp upstream for the initiation codon, within a total of 1440 bp. Primer extension experiments performed with human cultured fibroblast mRNA indicate an elongated product of a further 40 bp. These results évaluated together with those obtained in a concurrent study concerning aldolase A mRNA isolated from human liver are direct evidence of aldolase A mRNA multiplicity in man. The data also suggest the existence in mammals of three different classes of aldolase A mRNA, which would account for tissue specificity and resurgence of foetal expression in tumors.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
443.
Human aldolase A gene IZZO, Paola; COSTANZO, Paola; LUPO, Angelo ...
European journal of biochemistry,
July 1988, Volume:
174, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The complete nucleotide sequence of the human aldolase A isoenzyme gene is reported. The cloned gene sequence, spanning 7530 bp, includes twelve exons and occurs as a single copy per haploid human ...genome. The structural organization of the gene is quite complex: eight exons containing the coding sequence are common to all mRNAs extracted from human and other mammalian sources; four additional exons are present in the 5′ untranslated region, of these one is contained in the ubiquitous type of mRNA, the second is in the muscle‐specific type of mRNA and the third and fourth are in a minor species of mRNA found in human liver tissue. Furthermore, the determined sequence includes 1000 nucleotides upstream from the first exon (exon I) in the 5′ flanking region, and 400 nucleotides, which include the polyadenylation signal, downstream from the termination codon.
S1‐nuclease‐protection analysis of the 5′ end of mRNA extracted from human cultured fibroblasts, muscle and hepatoma cell lines indicates the existence of four different transcription‐initiation sites. The latter are also supported by the presence of conventional sequences for eukaryotic promoters. Therefore, the four promoters on the same gene generate different tissue‐specific transcripts, which share the translated sequence, but each has a unique 5′ untranslated region as a result of differential mRNA processing.
The nucleotide homology at the coding region and the intron‐exon organization of the three human and mammalian aldolase A, B and C genes confirm that they arose from a common ancestral gene, and that aldolase B diverged first.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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