A
bstract
We extend Shen’s recent formulation (arXiv:1806.07388) of the classical double copy, based on explicit color-kinematic duality, to the case of finite-size sources with non-zero spin. For ...the case of spinning Yang-Mills sources, the most general consistent double copy consists of gravitating objects which carry pairs of spin degrees of freedom. We find that the couplings of such objects to background fields match those of a classical (i.e. heavy) closed bosonic string, suggesting a string theory interpretation of sources related by color-kinematics duality. As a special case, we identify a limit, corresponding to unoriented strings, in which the 2-form Kalb-Ramond axion field decouples from the gravitational side of the double copy. Finally, we apply the classical double copy to extended objects, described by the addition of finite-size operators to the worldline effective theory. We find that consistency of the color-to-kinematics map requires that the Wilson coefficients of tidal operators obey certain relations, indicating that the extended gravitating objects generated by the double copy of Yang-Mills are not completely generic.
A
bstract
We generalize the worldline EFT formalism developed in 4–9 to calculate the non-conservative tidal effects on spinning black holes in a long wavelength approximation that is valid to all ...orders in the magnitude of the spin. We present results for the rate of change of mass and angular momentum in a background field and find agreement with previous calculations obtained by different techniques. We also present new results for both the non-conservative equations of motion and power loss/gain for a binary inspiral, which start at 5PN and 2.5PN order respectively and manifest the Penrose process.
Aim
Exosomes has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cancer progression. However, the role of exosome miR‐134‐5p in breast cancer (BC) progression is unclear.
Methods
Exosomes were ...extracted from BC cells (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) using differential centrifugation and were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The protein levels of exosome markers, apoptosis markers, Rho GTPase activating protein 1 (ARHGAP1, an important oncogene in BC) and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) markers were detected by western blot (WB) assay. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of miR‐134‐5p and ARHGAP1. Cell cycle and apoptosis, colony number, viability, migration, and invasion were determined by flow cytometry, colony formation assay, MTT assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between miR‐134‐5p and ARHGAP1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft models were constructed to verify the role of exosome miR‐134‐5p in BC tumor growth in vivo.
Results
MiR‐134‐5p was lowly expressed in BC cells and in the exosomes of BC cells. Overexpressed exosome miR‐134‐5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of BC cells. ARHGAP1 was a target of miR‐134‐5p, and its silencing could inhibit BC progression. In addition, ARHGAP1 overexpression could reverse the negative regulation of miR‐134‐5p on BC progression. MiR‐134‐5p could target ARHGAP1 to inhibit the activity of PI3K/AKT pathway. Exosome miR‐134‐5p overexpression could suppress BC tumor growth via targeting ARHGAP1 in vivo.
Conclusion
Exosome miR‐134‐5p restrained BC progression through regulating ARHGAP1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that miR‐134‐5p might be a therapeutic target for BC.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Maturation arrest (MA) is a subtype of non-obstructive azoospermia, and male infertility is a known risk factor for testicular tumors. However, the genetic basis for many affected individuals remains ...unknown. Here, we identified a deleterious hemizygous variant of X-linked retinoblastoma-binding protein 7 (RBBP7) as a potential key cause of MA, which was also found to be associated with the development of Leydig cell tumors. This mutation resulted in premature protein translation termination, affecting the sixth WD40 domain of the RBBP7 and the interaction of the mutated RBBP7 with histone H4. Decreased BRCA1 and increased yH2AX were observed in the proband. In mouse spermatogonial and pachytene spermatocyte-derived cells, deprivation of rbbp7led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In Drosophila, knockdown of RBBP7/ Caf1-55 in germ cells resulted in complete absence of germ cells and reduced testis size, whereas knockdown of RBBP7/Caf1-55 in cyst cells resulted in hyperproliferative testicular cells. Interestingly, male infertility caused by Caf1-55 deficiency was rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type human RBBP7 but not mutant variants, suggesting the importance of RBBP7 in spermatogenesis. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of MA and testicular tumors and may pave the way for innovative genetic diagnostics of these 2 diseases.
The study was aimed to investigate the prosthetic screw loosening of two splinted implants-supported, screw-retained (2–4-unit) fixed dental prostheses (TIS-FDPs) in posterior region and to explore ...the underlying mechanism. In the retrospective study, a study group of TIS-FDPs (n = 23) presenting prosthetic screw loosening and a control group of TIS-FDPs (n = 32) absent of prosthetic screw loosening during observation period were included. The prosthesis height (PH), inter-implant distance (ID) and cantilever distance (CD) of TIS-FDPs were measured and compared within two groups. In the finite element analysis (FEA) part, three serials of models presenting different clinical scenarios were constructed based on the abovementioned PH, ID and CD values respectively. In the clinical evaluation, the values of pH and CD in study group were statistically higher than those in control group, whereas the values of ID had no significant difference. In the FEA, the results indicated that there was no linear correlation between the increased ID values and the maximum von Mises stresses and the rotation angles. On the other hand, the increased PH and CD values would result in a strong linear growth of the maximum von Mises stresses and the rotation angles. Besides, it was found that the regression coefficients in PH model were all higher than those in ID and CD models. When TIS-FDPs were delivered in posterior region, the PH and the CD, rather than the ID, seemed to have a significant impact on the stress concentration of the prosthetic screws and the incident of prosthetic screws loosening.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is central to the evolution of many eukaryotic genomes, in particular rendering angiosperm (flowering plant) genomes much less stable than those of animals. Following ...repeated duplication/triplication(s), angiosperm chromosome numbers have usually been restored to a narrow range, as one element in a ‘diploidization’ process that re‐establishes diploid heredity. In several angiosperms affected by WGD, we show that chromosome number reduction (CNR) is best explained by intra‐ and/or inter‐chromosomal crossovers to form new chromosomes that utilize the existing telomeres of ‘invaded’ and centromeres of ‘invading’ chromosomes, the alternative centromeres and telomeres being lost. Comparison with the banana (Musa acuminata) genome supports a ‘fusion model’ for the evolution of rice (Oryza sativa) chromosomes 2 and 3, implying that the grass common ancestor had seven chromosomes rather than the five implied by a ‘fission model.’ The ‘invading’ and ‘invaded’ chromosomes are frequently homoeologs, originating from duplication of a common ancestral chromosome and with greater‐than‐average DNA‐level correspondence to one another. Telomere‐centric CNR following recursive WGD in plants is also important in mammals and yeast, and may be a general mechanism of restoring small linear chromosome numbers in higher eukaryotes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
An accurate BMI classification system specific to the population is of great value in health promotion. Existing studies have shown that the BMI recommended cut-off value for adults is not ...suitable for college students. Thus, the current study aims to identify optimal BMI cutoff points in obesity screening for Chinese college students.
Methods
Anthropometric assessments were performed on 6,798 college students (Male = 3,408, Female = 3,390) from three universities in Jiangsu, China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to establish the standardized models to estimate anthropometry for male and female students. Further indices were derived from the assessments, including body mass index (BMI), relative fat mass (RFM), obesity degree percentage (OBD%), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%). The anthropometric index with the highest correlation to the models for male and female students were selected as the gold standard for obesity screening. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate diagnostic value of each anthropometric index according to the area under curve (AUC). Youden index maximum points determined the optimal cutoff points with the highest accuracy in obesity screening.
Results
The anthropometric models for both male and female students consisted of three factors. Vervaeck index was selected as the gold standard for obesity screening. By comparing AUC of the anthropometric indices, we found BMI provided the highest value in obesity screening. Further analysis based on Youden index identified the optimal BMI of 23.53 kg/m
2
for male and 23.41 kg/m
2
for female. Compared with the universal standard recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), the adjusted BMI criteria were characterized by high sensitivity as well as specificity.
Conclusion
BMI is the most appropriate anthropometric index of obesity screening for Chinese college students. The optimal cutoff points were lower than the WHO reference. Evidence substantiated the adjusted BMI criteria as an effective approach to improve accuracy of obesity screening for this population.
Polysaccharide is one of the main active ingredients of
Polygonatum kingianum
, which has been proven to regulate the balance of gut microbiota. For the first time, this study focused on the ...regulation of polysaccharides from
Polygonatum kingianum
(PS) on
Lactobacillus faecis
, a specific probiotic in the intestinal tract. PS effectively promoted the biomass, biofilm and acetic acid production in
L. faecis
2-84, and enhanced quorum sensing (QS) signaling. The characteristics of gene sequence were analyzed using genomics approaches, and
L. faecis
2-84 was found to encode 18 genes that are closely related to QS and 10 genes related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Additionally, transcriptome and proteome analysis demonstrated that PS could promote the QS system of
L. faecis
by enhancing the transcription of
oppA
gene and expression of oppD protein. PS also regulated the production and metabolism of SCFAs of
L. faecis
by upregulating the expression of
ldh
and
metE
gene and adh2 protein, and downregulating the expression of
mvK
gene. In conclusion, it was speculated that PS could affect intestinal SCFAs production by affecting the QS system and SCFAs production in
L. faecis
. The present study implied that PS might have a role in promoting the growth of intestinal probiotics, where the QS system and SCFAs might be two of the important mechanisms for the probiotic activity of PS.
BackgroundAnnual declines in university students’ physical health have an impact on social stability and the nation’s long-term growth. Parenting style, which is crucial to a child’s growth and ...development, may have a big influence on physical health. This study delves into the effects of different parenting styles on the physical fitness of Chinese college students under gender differences.MethodsThrough random allocation and stratified sampling methods, this study comprehensively investigated 3,151 undergraduate students (male = 1,365; female = 1786) with an average age of 18.44 years (SD = 1.46), from a university in Jiangsu Province, China. Parenting styles of college students were evaluated by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Physical fitness tests were based on the Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standards including body mass index, lung capacity, standing-long-jump, bent-leg-sit-up, seated forward bend, pull-ups, 50 m sprint, and 800/1,000 m run. Further investigations focused on the relationship between parenting styles and physical health by statistical analysis methods such as Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.ResultsSignificant differences were identified in gender, family members, and academic majors in most of the correlation indicators between different parenting styles and physical health among college students. Further analysis showed that the parenting styles of democratic and authoritative mothers and democratic fathers were more conducive to the promotion of physical health among female university students. The combination of a democratic fathering style and a permissive mothering style is considered an ideal parenting model for male students.ConclusionThis study confirmed that different parenting styles have a significant impact on the physical health of college students. Positive parenting styles may improve physical health, while negative ones are likely to have adverse effects, especially among female students. It is also important to notice differentiated parenting styles with respect to male and female university students. Therefore, more attention should be raised on parenting styles to enhance physical health of the student population.
The ‘apparently’ simple genomes of many angiosperms mask complex evolutionary histories. The reference genome sequence for cotton (Gossypium spp.) revealed a ploidy change of a complexity ...unprecedented to date, indeed that could not be distinguished as to its exact dosage. Herein, by developing several comparative, computational and statistical approaches, we revealed a 5× multiplication in the cotton lineage of an ancestral genome common to cotton and cacao, and proposed evolutionary models to show how such a decaploid ancestor formed. The c. 70% gene loss necessary to bring the ancestral decaploid to its current gene count appears to fit an approximate geometrical model; that is, although many genes may be lost by single‐gene deletion events, some may be lost in groups of consecutive genes. Gene loss following cotton decaploidy has largely just reduced gene copy numbers of some homologous groups. We designed a novel approach to deconvolute layers of chromosome homology, providing definitive information on gene orthology and paralogy across broad evolutionary distances, both of fundamental value and serving as an important platform to support further studies in and beyond cotton and genomics communities.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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