In addition to cellular and humoral immunity, inflammatory markers play an important role in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and are used to predict prognosis in many autoimmune ...diseases. The aim of this study was to identify whether the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte‐lymphocyte ratio in the early stages of GBS have prognostic value for severe disease, mechanical ventilation (MV) and poor long‐term outcome. A prospective cohort study of 140 adult patients with GBS and 140 healthy controls (HC) was performed in Bangladesh during 2019–2022. Clinicodemographic characteristics of the patients were recorded, and hematological parameters were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. Median patient age was 35 (44–23) years; 71% were male; 88% were severely affected (GBS Disability Score> 3); 32% required MV. Patients had higher NLR than HC (P< .0001). Among patients, elevated NLR was associated with severe GBS and MV (P= .001 and <.0001, respectively) and moderately positively correlated with poor outcomes at 4 weeks (r = 0.423). Multiple logistic regression revealed NLR was an independent risk factor for severe GBS (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.6–17.4) and MV (OR = 1.5 1.1–2.1). No significant association was observed between elevated NLR and the long‐term outcome of GBS. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed NLR cut‐off values of ≥ 2.432 and ≥ 4.4423 predicted severe disease (sensitivity = 71%, specificity = 75%, AUC = 0.750, 95% CI = 0.651–0.849, P = .001) and MV (sensitivity = 65.9%, specificity = 81.7%, AUC = 0.804, 95% CI=0.724–0.884; P< .001). The NLR in the early stage of GBS may represent an independent prognostic factor of severe GBS and the requirement for MV.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Bangla Language ranks seventh in the list of most spoken languages with 265 native and non-native speakers around the world and the second Indo-Aryan language after Hindi. However, the growth of ...research for tasks such as sentiment analysis (SA) in Bangla is relatively low compared to SA in the English language. It is because there are not enough high-quality publically available datasets for training language models for text classification tasks in Bangla. In this paper, we propose a Bangla annotated dataset for sentiment analysis on the ongoing Ukraine–Russia war. The dataset was developed by collecting Bangla comments from various videos of three prominent YouTube TV news channels of Bangladesh covering their report on the ongoing conflict. A total of 10,861 Bangla comments were collected and labeled with three polarity sentiments, namely Neutral, Pro-Ukraine (Positive), and Pro-Russia (Negative). A benchmark classifier was developed by experimenting with several transformer-based language models all pre-trained on unlabeled Bangla corpus. The models were fine-tuned using our procured dataset. Hyperparameter optimization was performed on all 5 transformer language models which include: BanglaBERT, XLM-RoBERTa-base, XLM-RoBERTa-large, Distil-mBERT and mBERT. Each model was evaluated and analyzed using several evaluation metrics which include: F1 score, accuracy, and AIC (Akaike Information Criterion). The best-performing model achieved the highest accuracy of 86% with 0.82 F1 score. Based on accuracy, F1 score and AIC, BanglaBERT outperforms baseline and all the other transformer-based classifiers.
This research looked at a viscoelastic Bingham hybrid Al2O3-Ag/water nanofluid’s natural convection in an inverted-T-shaped enclosure. It has been done using the mesoscopic simulation via the ...multiple-relaxation-time (MRT)-lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). And it employed highly effective graphics processing unit (GPU) computing to proceed with the investigation. The hybrid nanofluid’s viscosity is determined by the size of the nanoparticles and the velocity gradient, and the thermal conductivity is the function of fluid temperature. A uniform temperature boundary condition is used to heat the middle of the enclosure’s bottom wall. Other portions of the bottom and top walls are adiabatic, where the right and left walls are kept cold. Different parameters, namely the Bingham number (0≤Bn≤1), Rayleigh number (Ra=104, 105, 106), and nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ=0,0.02,0.04), and heated sources’ size (ϵ=1/5,2/5,3/5,4/5) are applied to investigate and observe the natural convection of the fluid. Numerical outcomes are attained from the simulation and used to generate contours, figures, graphs of velocity temperature, average Nusselt number, local Nusselt number, isotherms, and streamlines. Based on the outcomes, it is observed that enhancements in Rayleigh number, heated sources’ size (ϵ), and volume fraction (ϕ) speed up the flow of the fluid. On the other hand, the Bingham number’s increment slows down the flow and decreases the value of Nu¯. The average Nusselt number increases 170.25% while increasing the length of bottom heater from ϵ=1/5 to ϵ=4/5 at ϕ=0.02, Bn=1, and Ra=106. This configuration can be applicable to electrical system cooling, ventilation, heat-exchanging system and in many other practical implements.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Green Building refers to the planning, design, construction, and operation of buildings considering indoor environment quality, occupant health, using energy, water, and other resources more ...efficiently; and reducing waste, pollution, and the overall environmental impact. Among the Green Building guidelines, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) offers a certification and rating system by which buildings are certified in different categories. The LEED rating system is used to rate an existing building how much it is fulfilling the criteria of Green Building (GB) or not. This research explored how an existing conventional building can be retrofitted to satisfy green building standards. An academic building of KUET has been selected for the study. A field survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools (i.e., Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII)) were used for the data collection and then the data was analyzed by comparative analysis concerning the LEED 2009 rating system for assessing the building. The New Academic building receives 31 points out of 110 and so cannot earn any certification level. The lacking for which the points were not gained is identified and the installation of water and energy efficiency features, rooftop gardening is suggested as retrofitting options to earn the green building certification level.
Background
The constant global need for food has created a demand for colossal food production. Every day the world requires more food than it is capable of growing and harvesting. Antibiotics have ...been used in healthy food products to promote growth and prevent disease in food-producing animals for a long time. This prolonged use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistant bacteria and the accumulation of antibiotic residue in livestock and fish. To avoid further causalities finding an effective alternative became a dire need. At present, the most suitable alternative for antibiotics is probiotics.
Main body
Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed or applied to the body with the optimum amount. Probiotics are mainly good bacteria and yeast which fight off the pathogenic bacteria, improve the immune system, and restore the gut microbial balance. Probiotics can eliminate the harmful pathogens following several molecular mechanisms and modulate the immune response of the host animal for the well-being of the animals. This review article aims to describe probiotics as a potential growth promoter in major food sectors (poultry, ruminant, and aquaculture), how probiotics can ensure food safety without harmful effects on animals, and find out some points where more research is required to ensure a positive outcome.
Conclusion
The conclusion of this review article highlights the knowledge gaps and how they can be minimized using modern molecular technologies to establish probiotic supplements as an effective alternative to antibiotics.
The COVID-19 pandemic had substantial effects on education. As a result, online education has gained popularity among postgraduate medical students. The aim of this study was to explore postgraduate ...learners’ experiences regarding online classes. This study was carried out in the Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2020 to September 2020. A questionnaire was sent to neonatology and pediatrics allied residents and students of FCPS paediatrics. Qualitative data were collected and using likert scales to assess satisfaction regarding online learning experience. The study included 79 participants. Of them, 71 (89.9%) responded, 12 (16.9%) attended online classes before the COVID-19 situation. Thirty-four (47.9%) residents opined that online classes provided the right amount of theory. Eighteen (25.4%) disagreed that high-quality learning can be accomplished without face-to-face contact. Twenty-four respondents (33.8%) disagreed that studying online was more motivating than attending a regular classes. Fortytwo (59.2%) concluded that online class was really beneficial, and 50 (70.4%) were satisfied with online education. More than half of them (57.7%) preferred online theoretical classes compelling situation. Though students prefer online education as an alternative to classroom education, both face-to -face and online teachings are necessary. BSMMU J 2022; 15(3): 151-156
Cowpea is well-known worldwide for its high protein content, versatile use, and adaptability. However, it is devastatingly affected by bacterial blight disease caused by
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. ...vignicola
(
Xav
). The present study was designed to assess ten high-yielding cowpea varieties for bacterial blight resistance in two contrasting cropping seasons in Bangladesh. The varieties were evaluated using seed and stem inoculation with
Xav
bacteria, followed by phenotypic and molecular characterisation. The varieties were morphologically assessed using nine disease-related qualitative and quantitative traits, and genetic variations were investigated through nine SSR markers. Disease development varied significantly (P = 0.05) among the varieties. Substantially higher disease incidence was observed in the
Kharif
season compared to the
Rabi
season. Felon local, Dark Green-28, and Dark Green-1028 varieties were resistant in both seasons. On the other hand, BARI Felon-1 was highly susceptible to susceptible in both seasons as infections were over 50%. Moreover, plant height, leaf area, branch number, and leaf number significantly differed among the varieties. Besides, in the molecular study, polymorphism information content and
Nei’s
gene diversity were detected as 0.3658 and 0.4089, respectively. Kegornatki showed the highest genetic variation vs Dark Green-1028. The UPGMA dendrogram segregated the ten cowpea varieties into two main clusters. This study revealed that three high-yielding varieties, viz., Dark Green-28, Dark green 1028, and Felon local, were resistant to bacterial blight and showed better performance in morpho-molecular characterisation. Therefore, these varieties can be integrated into future cowpea breeding programmes to develop cultivars that can control the high pressures of
Xav
.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Elevation of water temperature due to global warming influences the physiological properties of fish by increasing their rate of metabolic function and demand for oxygen. It is important to know how ...fish respond to changing environments for indicating and predicting the impacts of climate change on fish populations, communities and for their sustainable management. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of high water temperature on juvenile Nile tilapia, based on the oxygen consumption rate, blood physiology and gill morphology in different temperature (31 °C, 34 °C and 37 °C) in triplicates for a period of 28 days. Results showed that the oxygen consumption rate increased significantly at 37 °C, whereas no significant difference was observed at 31 °C and 34 °C. Hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) were decreased significantly at 37 °C after 14 and 28 days of exposure, whereas blood glucose levels showed the opposite scenario. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed for white blood cell (WBC) on day 14, but a significant increase was observed on day 28 at 37 °C. Being the site of main gaseous exchange moderate to severe histopathological changes (epithelial lifting, epithelial necrosis, hypertrophy of chloride cell, lamella fusion, telangiectasia, vacuolation of epithelium and epithelial edema) were observed in the gill especially in the gill lamellae of the experimental fish at 37 °C. The findings of the study indicate the adaptive physiological strategy in changing climate despite being a thermal tolerant species, and the alteration in oxygen consumption rate, gill morphology and blood parameters could be used as an assessment strategy to know the condition of the fish and their surrounding environment.
•Investigated the effects of temperature (31 °C, 34 °C and 37 °C) on oxygen consumption, blood physiology and gill morphology of Nile tilapia.•The oxygen consumption increased significantly at 37 °C.•Hb and RBC decreased significantly at 37 °C whereas WBC and blood glucose levels showed the opposite scenario.•Moderate to severe histopathological changes were observed in the gill of the experimental fish at 37 °C.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A rapid and early diagnostic test to identify the encephalopathic babies at risk of adverse outcome may accelerate the development of neuroprotectants. We examined if a whole blood transcriptomic ...signature measured soon after birth, predicts adverse neurodevelopmental outcome eighteen months after neonatal encephalopathy. We performed next generation sequencing on whole blood ribonucleic acid obtained within six hours of birth from the first 47 encephalopathic babies recruited to the Hypothermia for Encephalopathy in Low and middle-income countries (HELIX) trial. Two infants with blood culture positive sepsis were excluded, and the data from remaining 45 were analysed. A total of 855 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the good and adverse outcome groups, of which RGS1 and SMC4 were the most significant. Biological pathway analysis adjusted for gender, trial randomisation allocation (cooling therapy versus usual care) and estimated blood leukocyte proportions revealed over-representation of genes from pathways related to melatonin and polo-like kinase in babies with adverse outcome. These preliminary data suggest that transcriptomic profiling may be a promising tool for rapid risk stratification in neonatal encephalopathy. It may provide insights into biological mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets for neuroprotection.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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