Chronic Disease Prediction plays a pivotal role in healthcare informatics. It is crucial to diagnose the disease at an early stage. This paper presents a survey on the utilization of feature ...selection and classification techniques for the diagnosis and prediction of chronic diseases. Adequate selection of features plays a significant role for enhancing accuracy of classification systems. Dimensionality reduction helps in improving overall performance of machine learning algorithm. The application of classification algorithms on disease datasets yields promising results by developing adaptive, automated and intelligent diagnostic systems for chronic diseases. Parallel classification systems can be used to expedite the process and to enhance the computational efficiency of results. This work presents a comprehensive overview of various feature selection methods and their inherent pros and cons. We then analyze adaptive classification systems and parallel classification systems for chronic disease prediction.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Impacts of climate change like global warming, drought, flooding, and other extreme events are posing severe challenges to global crop production. Contribution of
towards the oilseed industry makes ...it an essential component of international trade and agroeconomics. Consequences from increasing occurrences of multiple abiotic stresses on this crop are leading to agroeconomic losses making it vital to endow
crop with an ability to survive and maintain yield when faced with simultaneous exposure to multiple abiotic stresses. For an improved understanding of the stress sensing machinery, there is a need for analyzing regulatory pathways of multiple stress-responsive genes and other regulatory elements such as non-coding RNAs. However, our understanding of these pathways and their interactions in
is far from complete. This review outlines the current knowledge of stress-responsive genes and their role in imparting multiple stress tolerance in
. Analysis of network cross-talk through omics data mining is now making it possible to unravel the underlying complexity required for stress sensing and signaling in plants. Novel biotechnological approaches such as transgene-free genome editing and utilization of nanoparticles as gene delivery tools are also discussed. These can contribute to providing solutions for developing climate change resilient
varieties with reduced regulatory limitations. The potential ability of synthetic biology to engineer and modify networks through fine-tuning of stress regulatory elements for plant responses to stress adaption is also highlighted.
Aberrantly processed or mutant proteins misfold and assemble into a variety of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates, a process that is associated with an increasing number of diseases that are ...not curable or manageable. Herein, we present a chemical toolbox, AggFluor, that allows for live cell imaging and differentiation of complex aggregated conformations in live cells. Based on the chromophore core of green fluorescent proteins, AggFluor is comprised of a series of molecular rotor fluorophores that span a wide range of viscosity sensitivity. As a result, these compounds exhibit differential turn-on fluorescence when incorporated in either soluble oligomers or insoluble aggregates. This feature allows us to develop, for the first time, a dual-color imaging strategy to distinguish unfolded protein oligomers from insoluble aggregates in live cells. Furthermore, we have demonstrated how small molecule proteostasis regulators can drive formation and disassembly of protein aggregates in both conformational states. In summary, AggFluor is the first set of rationally designed molecular rotor fluorophores that evenly cover a wide range of viscosity sensitivities. This set of fluorescent probes not only change the status quo of current imaging methods to visualize protein aggregation in live cells but also can be generally applied to study other biological processes that involve local viscosity changes with temporal and spatial resolutions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a prevalent disease nowadays, affecting people globally around the world. Accurate prediction of CKD progression over time is essential for reducing its ...associated mortality and morbidity rates. This paper proposes a fast, novel hybrid approach to diagnose Chronic Renal Disease. The proposed approach is based on the optimization of SVM classifier with the hybridized dimensionality reduction approach to identify the most informative parameters for CKD diagnosis. It handles the selection of features through two steps. The first one is a filter-based approach using ReliefF method to assign weights and ranks to each feature of the dataset. The second step is the dimensionality reduction of the best-selected subset by means of PCA, a feature extraction technique. For faster execution of datasets, simultaneous execution on multiple processors is employed. The proposed model achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 92.5% on the clinical CKD dataset compared to existing methods - 'CFS+SVM' (60.45%), 'ReliefF + SVM' (86%), 'MIFS + SVM' (56.72%), 'ReliefF + CFS + SVM' (54.37). The proposed work is also examined on the benchmarked Chronic Kidney Disease Dataset and achieved classification accuracy of 98.5% compared to the accuracy with other methods -'CFS+SVM' (92.7%), 'ReliefF + SVM' (89.6%), 'MIFS + SVM' (94.7%). The experimental outcomes positively demonstrate that the proposed hybridized model is effective in undertaking medical data classification tasks and is, therefore, a promising tool for the diagnosis of CKD patients. The proposed approach is statistically validated with the Friedman test with significant results compared to other techniques. The proposed approach also executes in the least time with improved prediction accuracy and competes with and even outperforms other methods in the literature. KEYWORDS Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis, Clinical Dataset, Hybrid Approach, SVM Classifier, Dimensionality Reduction, Fast Execution.
Purpose: A major challenge in ocular therapeutics is poor bioavailability of drug, 1% or even less of the instilled dose is absorbed and frequent administration of conventional products leads to poor ...adherence to therapy. Hence, the present study is to synthesize N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative and to prepare flurbiprofen (FLU):hydroxyl propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) complex-loaded nanoparticles for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis which aims to increase the residence time in ocular tissue, thus enhancing patient compliance and improved efficacy.
Methods: TMC was synthesized and characterized by
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H NMR and FT-IR. TMC and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles containing inclusion complex were prepared by ionic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The nanoparticles thus obtained were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment, in-vitro release, in-vitro mucoadhesion, and TEM for morphology and irritation potential was evaluated by the HET-CAM technique.
Results: N-methyl quaternization of CS was confirmed by
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H NMR. The particle size and zeta potential of the TMC nanoparticles were found to be 201 ± 1.55 nm and +13.9 ± 1.697 mV and that of CS nanoparticles were 361.2 ± 1.55 nm and +10.9 ± 0.424 mV, respectively. The entrapment of FLU- HP-β-CD inclusion complex in polymeric nanoparticles was found to be 10.91 ± 1.541%. The observed in-vitro release profile of TMC nanoparticles indicated characteristic burst release followed by delayed release. HET-CAM studies demonstrated the ocular safety of TMC nanoparticles.
Conclusion: The developed TMC nanoparticles offered prolonged release potential for transmucosal ocular delivery of hydrophobic flurbiprofen.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A patella fracture occurs when the patella bone, which covers the knee joint, breaks. A severe injury, such as a fall or a hit to the patella, is frequently the cause. There are two types of patella ...fractures: basic and complicated. The treatment of certain fractures necessitates surgery. Patella fracture symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, inability to straighten the leg, and inability to walk. Rehabilitation aims to increase the range of motion, increase muscles' strength, and make the patient functionally independent. We report the case of a 69-year-old female with a comminuted patella fracture managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with tension band wiring. A four-week inpatient rehabilitation increasing range of motion and improving strength has shown a tremendous improvement in the patient's symptoms.
The aim of the proposed work was to develop robust hot-melt extrusion (HME) process for fabricating sustained-release mini-matrices (pellets) of a highly water-soluble drug, tramadol hydrochloride. ...The current work was designed to identify a formulation window with target functional performances such as streamlined processability and sustained-release profile with alcohol-resistant properties. HME was used to perform screening tests of various drug loadings and excipients to determine the acceptable limit of each independent component (critical material attributes, CMAs) in the Design of Experiment (DoE). It was observed that the ratio of hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose, EC; Compritol
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ATO 888, C888) to hydrophilic (hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC) components were critical factors evaluated using DoE. The processing temperature (105–175 °C) was identified as a critical process parameter. FTIR chemical imaging was used to assess the drug-matrix interaction, confirming a homogeneous drug distribution inside the polymer-lipid matrix system. SEM analysis and FTIR results were also in close agreement. Finally, a feasible formulation window containing EC, C888, and HPC in the ratios of 40:20:10 with the desired quality target product profile was successfully developed. Hydroalcoholic dissolution studies revealed safe and sustained-release of tramadol that resisted drug release variations for the first few hours in alcohol. The developed mini-matrices followed the Peppas–Sahlin model indicating a combination of Fickian diffusion and swelling mechanisms. Herein we conclude, a successful blueprint technology for the development of alcohol-resistant mini-matrices of tramadol hydrochloride via HME to provide once-a-day therapy for pain management, consequently reducing the dosing frequency.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Purpose: The research activity in pediatric glaucoma (PG) was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using a scientometric approach. Methods: The "Web of Science" database was accessed for ...primary bibliometric data regarding PG using search terms "pediatric glaucoma," "paediatric glaucoma," "congenital glaucoma," and "childhood glaucoma." The data was analyzed for total research productivity, citations, and scientific output in terms of journals, countries, institutions, and authors. The results were further characterized for coauthorship links and visualized by VOS viewer software. Also, the top 25 cited articles were reviewed with the above bibliometric characteristics. Results: One thousand two hundred and sixty-nine items were obtained from our search query from 1955 to 2022; these received 15,485 citations, originated from 78 countries. The top-3 contributing countries were the United States of America (n = 369), India (n = 134), and China (n = 127). LV Prasad Eye Institute (n = 58), Duke University (n = 44), and King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital (n = 42) were the top-3 productive institutes. The top-3 prolific authors were Mandal AK (n = 53), Freedman, SF (n = 36), and Sarfarazi, M (n = 33). Journal wise, "Investigative Ophthalmology" (n = 187), "Journal of Glaucoma" (n = 92), and "Journal of AAPOS" (n = 68) were the journals in which the most articles were published. The top-25 cited documents received 3564 citations and were published between 1977 and 2016. The key areas of interest were basic sciences (genetics of childhood glaucoma) and surgical management. Conclusion: United States of America, LVPEI, Mandal AK, and "Investigative Ophthalmology" were the top rankers as far as the productivity and publications related to PG are concerned. Articles on molecular genetics in PG have received interest among the ophthalmology community.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Sewage is the prime source of microbial pollution of water.•People are suffering from GI disorder due to the consumption of contaminated water.•The most probable number (MPN) test is used to measure ...potability of water.•E.coli, consider as the indicator organism of fecal contamination in water.
Water is essential for the life, but many people lack the accessibility to clean and healthy drinking water and die as a consequence of water-borne infections. Microorganism-mediated water pollution is considered as one of the great concerns to the aquatic environment across the globe. The effluent of fecal matter, hospitals, industry, and cattle farms increase the bacterial load in a water body. Coliform groups of bacteria have long been typically applied as an indicator organism of microbial contamination of the water and historically led to the public health security perception. Among the coliform, Escherichia coli is the indicator of fecal contamination. The multiple tube fermentation technique has been applied as a conventional way to detect coliform in water samples through the fermentation of lactose sugar with production of acid and gas. The potability of water has been measured by the absence or presence of coliform bacteria within the permissible limit referencing the most probable number index value (MPN/100 ml). As fecal pollution indicators, fecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens are widely used as an alternative to coliform bacteria and have been confirmed via esculin hydrolyzing or catalase-negativity and sulfite reduction tests. Molecular (PCR-based) and enzymatic methods have been applied as a rapid way to detect indicators and other enteric isolates in water samples. Apart from that standard plate count (SPC) of heterotrophic bacteria and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) techniques also determine the bacterial and organic pollution load in a water sample. Therefore, bacteriological analysis of water indicated that water is polluted by sewage to the extent that it is unsuitable for drinking and also unsuitable for recreation purposes. This is one of the big problems in the twenty-first century is providing everybody with safe drinking or domestic water. The main objective of this article is to highlight the microbial pollution of water with special reference to coliform and its nexus with the environment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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