In tectonically active mountain belts, landslides contribute significantly to erosion. Statistical analysis of regional inventories of earthquake-triggered-landslides after large earthquakes (Mw > ...5.5) reveal a complex interaction between seismic shaking, landslide material, and rainfall. However, the contributions of each component have never been quantified due to a lack of in-situ data for active landslides. We exploited a 3-year geodetic and seismic dataset for a slow-moving landslide in Peru affected by local earthquakes and seasonal rainfalls. Here we show that in combination, they cause greater landslide motion than either force alone. We also show the rigidity of the landslide's bulk clearly decreasing during Ml ≥ 5 earthquakes. The recovery is affected by rainfall and small earthquakes (Ml < 3.6), which prevent the soil from healing, highlighting the importance of the timing between forcings. These new quantitative insights into the mechanics of landslides open new perspectives for the study of the mass balance of earthquakes.
This study determined (1) phytochemical and antioxidant properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed extract obtained by Naviglio's method; (2) antimicrobial activity; and (3) immunostimulant ...properties using Longfin yellowtail leukocytes. The results by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that moringa seed extract (MoSE) contained stretching vibrations of ‐OH, C‐H, H‐C=C‐H, C‐N, and C=O groups associated with free fatty acids and phytochemical molecules, whose profile included phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and leucoanthocyanins. The seed extract demonstrated high antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Moringa oleifera seed extract had no cytotoxic effects on fish peripheral blood leukocytes and enhanced immune parameters, such as respiratory burst activity, nitric oxide production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. In conclusion, MoSE obtained by Naviglio's technique was rich in phytochemical compounds with high antioxidant capacity, effective antibacterial activity and enhanced immune parameters in Longfin yellowtail leukocytes.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The mechanisms leading to large earthquakes are poorly understood and documented. Here we characterize the long‐term precursory phase of the 1 April 2014 Mw8.1 North Chile megathrust. We show that a ...group of coastal GPS stations accelerated westward 8 months before the main shock, corresponding to a Mw6.5 slow slip event on the subduction interface, 80% of which was aseismic. Concurrent interface foreshocks underwent a diminution of their radiation at high frequency, as shown by the temporal evolution of Fourier spectra and residuals with respect to ground motions predicted by recent subduction models. Such ground motions change suggests that in response to the slow sliding of the subduction interface, seismic ruptures are progressively becoming smoother and/or slower. The gradual propagation of seismic ruptures beyond seismic asperities into surrounding metastable areas could explain these observations and might be the precursory mechanism eventually leading to the main shock.
Key Points
Westward acceleration of coastal GPS stations 8 months before the main shock reveals a Mw6.5 aseismic slow slip event on fault interface
Interface foreshocks underwent a diminution of their radiation at high frequency, suggesting a modification in source parameters
Slow sliding of subduction interface and gradual enlarging of seismic ruptures are the precursory mechanisms leading to the main shock
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Context:
The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a biomarker of iodine intake. According to the World Health Organization, a median UIC in the range 100–199 μg/L indicates adequate and ...200–299 μg/L more than adequate intake. Thyroglobulin (Tg) may be a promising functional biomarker of both iodine deficiency and excess.
Objectives:
Using a standardized dried blood spots-Tg assay in children, we evaluated the Tg response to both low- and high-iodine intake and estimated the population cutoff point for iodine deficiency or excess. Also, we compared thyroid functions within the UIC ranges of 100–199 vs 200–299 μg/L.
Design and Setting:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in primary schools in 12 countries.
Subjects:
Subjects were 6 to 12 years old (n = 2512).
Main Outcome Measures:
We measured UIC, TSH, total T4, Tg, and thyroid antibodies.
Results:
Over a range of iodine intakes from severely deficient to excessive, Tg concentrations showed a clear U-shaped curve. Compared with iodine-sufficient children, there was a significantly higher prevalence of elevated Tg values in children with iodine deficiency (UIC <100 μg/L) and iodine excess (UIC >300 μg/L). There was no significant change in the prevalence of elevated Tg, TSH, T4, or thyroid antibodies comparing children within the UIC ranges of 100–199 vs 200–299 μg/L.
Conclusions:
In school-aged children, 1) Tg is a sensitive indicator of both low and excess iodine intake; 2) a median Tg of <13 μg/L and/or <3% of Tg values >40 μg/L indicates iodine sufficiency in the population; 3) the acceptable range of median UIC in monitoring iodized salt programs could be widened to a single category of sufficient iodine intake from 100 to 299 μg/L.
We document interactions between intermediate depth and interplate seismicity in the North Chile subduction zone, over a 25 year period (1990–2015). We show that the 2005 Mw 7.8 Tarapaca slab‐pull ...earthquake was followed by 9 years of enhanced deep and shallow seismicity, together with the decrease of eastward average GPS velocities and associated interplate coupling, eventually leading to the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique megathrust earthquake. In contrast, megathrust ruptures (e.g., Mw 8.0 Antofagasta in 1995, or Mw 8.1 Iquique in 2014) initiate several years of silent background seismicity in the studied area, both at shallow and intermediate depths. The plunge of a rigid slab into a viscous asthenospheric mantle could explain the observed synchronization between deep and shallow seismicity and their long‐term interactions.
Key Points
The 2005 slab‐pull earthquake triggered 9 years of deep‐shallow seismicity interactions, while megathrust ruptures initiate a seismic quiescence
Post slab‐pull increased background seismicity is associated with a decrease in GPS eastward velocity, interpreted as interplate decoupling
Bursts of deep and shallow seismicity are correlated in time, suggesting a lasting physical link between intraslab and interplate ruptures
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Influenza has long been a global public health priority because of the threat of another global pandemic. Although data are available for the annual burden of seasonal influenza in many developed ...countries, fewer disease burden data are available for low-income and tropical countries. In recent years, however, the surveillance systems created as part of national pandemic preparedness efforts have produced substantial data on the epidemiology and impact of influenza in countries where data were sparse. These data are leading to greater interest in seasonal influenza, including implementation of vaccination programs. However, a lack of quality data on severe influenza, nonrespiratory outcomes, and high-risk groups, as well as a need for better mathematical models and economic evaluations, are some of the major gaps that remain. These gaps are the focus of multilateral research and surveillance efforts that will strengthen global efforts in influenza control in the future.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Esta investigación tiene como propósito estudiar cómo nace la población La Pincoya, entre los años 1967-1970, analizando el imaginario de la toma que le dio origen. Como hipótesis se plantea que La ...Pincoya nace de diversos asentamientos, siendo el campamento Pablo Neruda el más importante. De este se asumió, en un contexto de híper movilización social, que nació de una toma de terrenos, traspasándose ese imaginario tanto a las nuevas generaciones como a las investigaciones publicadas, a pesar de haber sido una ocupación autorizada de forma semi secreta por el dueño del predio. Además, la mayor parte de los otros asentamientos que son parte del barrio, nacen de programas del Estado para entregar sitios a familias sin casa. Esta investigación, que utiliza variados tipos de fuentes, se circunscribe en la historia local, pues estudia una localidad especifica, la población La Pincoya, y en la historia oral, ya que analiza el relato y la memoria de los protagonistas. PALABRAS CLAVE: Sin casa, ocupación de terrenos, imaginario, población La Pincoya, historia local. The purpose of this investigation is to study how La Pincoya settlement is born between the years 1967-1970, by analysing the social imaginary of the squatting (the appropriation) that would give origin to it. Our hypothesis is that La Pincoya is born from diverse settlements, being the Pablo Neruda one the most important. This is believed to have been born in a context of social hyper-mobilization, just by seizing the land where its located. This social imaginary has been carried on, both by the new generations and by published investigations, in spite of having been semisecret occupation, authorized by the owner of the property. Moreover, most of the others settlements that are part of the neighbourhood, were born as State programs to provide a building site to families without homes. This investigation uses a varied type of sources, limits itself in the local history, as it studies a specific locality: La Pincoya settlement and in the oral history, since it analyses the storytelling and the memory of the protagonists. KEYWORDS: Homeless, Land Seizure, Imaginary, La Pincoya settlement, Local history. Recibido: 01.04.2019. Aceptado: 06.01.2021.
Plant‐mediated nanoparticle synthesis is an eco‐friendly method designed to reduce toxicity. This research reports the effects of gold nanoparticle green synthesis on immune modulation for the first ...time, using aqueous extract from Turnera diffusa. First, the chemical composition showed that T. diffussa is abundant in compounds, such as oplopanone, γ‐eudesmol, hydroquinone‐β‐d‐glucoside (arbutin) and inositol. The synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPDam) were confirmed by ultraviolet visible (UV‐Vis) spectrophotometry; the micro‐graphical analysis confirmed the average size that was estimated about 24 nm, which were mostly spherical in shape. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique helped to confirm the functional groups of the synthesized AuNPDam. Its antioxidant capability was analysed using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydarzyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) methods. These results indicated a worthy antioxidant activity. The synthesized AuNPDam showed strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Interestingly, AuNPDam were nontoxic to Longfin yellowtail head kidney leukocytes after 24 h. The phagocytosis activity, production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide were also enhanced in leukocytes treated with AuNPDam. Overall, the results suggested that AuNPDam is non‐cytotoxic, displays strong bactericidal activity and has therapeutic properties by enhancing the immune system.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
YMnO3 is a P-type semiconductor with a perovskite-type structure (ABO3). It presents two crystalline systems: rhombohedral and hexagonal, the latter being the most stable and studied. In the ...hexagonal system, Mn3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions forming a trigonal bipyramid, and the Y3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions. This arrangement favors its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, which have been widely studied since 1963. However, applications based on their optical properties have yet to be explored. This work evaluates the photoelectric response and the photocatalytic activity of yttrium manganite in visible spectrum wavelengths. To conduct this, a rod-obelisk-shaped yttrium manganite with a reduced indirect bandgap value of 1.43 eV in its hexagonal phase was synthesized through the precipitation method. The synthesized yttrium manganite was elucidated by solid-state techniques, such as DRX, XPS, and UV-vis. It was non-toxic as shown by the 100% leukocyte viability of mice BALB/c.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Due to the current concerns against opportunistic pathogens and the challenge of antimicrobial resistance worldwide, alternatives to control pathogen growth are required. In this sense, this work ...offers a new nanohybrid composed of zinc-layered hydroxide salt (Simonkolleite) and thymol for preventing bacterial growth. Materials were characterized with XRD diffraction, FTIR and UV–Vis spectra, SEM microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. It was confirmed that the Simonkolleite structure was obtained, and thymol was adsorbed on the hydroxide in a web-like manner, with a concentration of 0.863 mg thymol/mg of ZnLHS. Absorption kinetics was described with non-linear models, and a pseudo-second-order equation was the best fit. The antibacterial test was conducted against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus strains, producing inhibition halos of 21 and 24 mm, respectively, with a 10 mg/mL solution of thymol–ZnLHS. Moreover, biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibition was tested, with over 90% inhibition. Nanohybrids exhibited antioxidant activity with ABTS and DPPH evaluations, confirming the presence of the biomolecule in the inorganic matrix. These results can be used to develop a thymol protection vehicle for applications in food, pharmaceutics, odontology, or biomedical industries.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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