Perishable foods at undesired temperatures can generate foodborne illnesses that present significant societal costs. To certify refrigeration succession in a food‐supply chain, a flexible, ...easy‐to‐interpret, damage‐tolerant, and sensitive time‐temperature indicator (TTI) that uses a self‐healing nanofiber mat is devised. This mat is opaque when refrigerated due to nanofiber‐induced light scattering, but becomes irreversibly transparent at room temperature through self‐healing‐induced interfibrillar fusion leading to the appearance of a warning sign. The mat monitors both freezer (−20 °C) and chiller (2 °C) successions and its timer is tunable over the 0.5–22.5 h range through control of the polymer composition and film thickness. The thin mat itself serves as both a temperature sensor and display; it does not require modularization, accurately measures localized or gradient heat, and functions even after crushing, cutting, and when weight‐loaded in a manner that existing TTIs cannot. It also contains no drainable chemicals and is attachable to various shapes because it operates through an intrinsic physical response.
Innovative time–temperature indicators with superior performance and extreme stability are engineered using self‐healing nanofibers. Owing to the intrinsic response of the self‐healable elastomer, highly sensitive, reliable, and tunable operation is enabled through morphological conversion. The self‐responsive working principle is driven by thermodynamic stability and liberates these indicators from the physical limitations and chemical hazards of existing devices.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•The difference in adsorption amounts of SWNTs using APTES.•Surface deposition amounts of en-APTAS as a function of dipping time.•The resistance curve for 100 ppb NO gas after ...10-times rinsing at room temperature.•The highly sensitive and selective NO gas sensors using defect-functionalized SWNTs.
One of the most important trends in modern medicine is the development of non-invasive methods that diagnose diseases by analyzing specific gases from human exhalation. Examination of such gases helps monitor various diseases. The ability of nanosensors to potentially detect conditions such as Rhinitis digestive diseases, liver transplant rejection, inflammation in the stomach, cystic fibrosis, encephalopathy, helicobacter pylon digestive cancer, respiratory diseases, and COVID-19, by examining nitric oxide (NO), has been discussed as well as studied increasingly in recent years. In this paper, we have proposed a low-cost detector that can measure NO gas from the exhaled air, which is applied to the ppb level at room temperature. A sensor that detects NO gas with high sensitivity by using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as nanomaterials, has been fabricated. The semiconductor-type gas sensors using SWNTs showed characteristics such as rapid detection, long-term reliability, reproducibility, and miniaturization at room temperature. To improve the selectivity for NO gas, SWNT network channels were formed between the Au electrodes, and SWNTs were functionalized with en-APTAS. A new rinse process was introduced to solve the problem of low sensitivity in SWNT-based NO sensors. With the introduction of the improved rinsing process, the recovery of the fabricated sensor increased from less than 20% to 90.34% when the device was rinsed ten times under optimized conditions. The improved rinsing process effectively straightened the rearrangement of the large amount of amine-functionalized SWNTs attached during the electrostatic self-assembled deposition. In addition, a 28.64% response for a 100 ppb concentration of NO gas was measured at room temperature. We also confirmed that the fabricated sensor does not react with carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gases owing to its high selectivity to NO gas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Several pesticides widely used in agriculture have been considered to be endocrine disrupting chemicals through their binding affinities to estrogen or androgen receptors. This study was conducted to ...clarify the human androgen receptor (hAR)-mediated genomic endocrine disrupting mechanism of eight selected pesticide products by in vitro assay providing the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 458, 22Rv1/MMTV_GR-KO AR transcriptional activation assay and a homo-dimerization confirmation assay. None of the tested pesticide products showed an AR agonistic effect, whereas they were all determined to be AR antagonists at non-toxic concentrations. Also, the eight pesticide products were verified as true AR antagonists through a specificity control test. In the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based AR homo-dimerization confirmation assay, the eight pesticide products did not induce AR homo-dimerization. Additionally, western blotting revealed that none of the eight pesticide products induced AR translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In conclusion, we found for the first-time evidence to understand the AR-mediated endocrine disrupting mechanisms induced by selected azole and organophosphorus pesticide products.
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•Several azole and organophosphorus pesticide products could have endocrine disrupting effects.•Eight pesticide products were determined to be AR antagonists in transcriptional activation assay.•Also, they did not cause the AR homo-dimerization in cytoplasm and could not translocate AR to the nucleus.•Eight pesticides products induced AR-mediated endocrine disrupting mechanisms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•The nanofibers of a porphyrin derivative TiOTPyP and SWCNTs are developed for hydrogen peroxide vapor sensor operated at room temperature.•The response of the TiOTPyP nanofiber/SWCNT ...nanocomposite-based sensor to 1 ppm of HPV is 9 times higher than that of the pristine SWCNT-based sensor.•The sensor shows fast response/recovery times in the detection of HPV in the concentration range of 0.1–10 ppm.•The sensors show selective responses to NH3, CO, toluene, acetone, hexane, NO, and NO2 gases, which are typical biomarkers of exhaled breath.
Detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is particularly important in the field of clinical diagnosis for exhaled breath analysis, because H2O2 is closely related to diseases such as cancer, traumatic brain injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. Considering this, development of sensors for sensitive and selective real-time monitoring of H2O2 vapor (HPV) is required. In this study, we report the design and fabrication of a high-performance HPV sensor based on nanocomposites of nanofibers of a porphyrin derivative (oxo-5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrinatotitanium(IV) (TiOTPyP)) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at room temperature. Two types of HPV sensor transducers were fabricated using pristine SWCNTs only and TiOTPyP nanofiber/SWCNT nanocomposite and the sensor responses were compared. The significant differences in reproducibility and selectivity of the two sensors reflected the significant impact of the added TiOTPyP nanofibers on the device performance. The response of the TiOTPyP nanofiber/SWCNT nanocomposite-based sensor to 1 ppm of HPV is 9 times higher than that of the pristine SWCNT-based sensor. In addition, this sensor shows fast response/recovery times in the detection of HPV in the concentration range of 0.1–10 ppm, while showing a weak response to NH3 gas and negligible response to CO, toluene, acetone, hexane, NO, and NO2 gases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In current study, Fusarium mycotoxin, beauvericin (BEA), has endocrine disrupting potential through suppressing the exogenous androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcriptional activation. BEA was ...classified as an AR antagonist, with IC30 and IC50 values indicating that it suppressed AR dimerization in the cytosol. BEA suppress the translocation of cytosolic activated ARs to the nucleus via exogenous androgens. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of environmental conditions for BEA production on rice cereal using response surface methodology. The environmental factors affecting the production of BEA, namely temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time were optimized at 20.28 °C, 42.79 % (w/w), and 17.31 days, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that BEA has endocrine disrupting potential through suppressing translocation of cytosolic ARs to nucleus, and temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time are important influencing environmental factors for its biosynthesis in Fusarium strains on cereal.
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•Beauvericin could have endocrine disrupting effects.•Beauvericin is determined to be an AR antagonist in transcriptional activation assay.•Beauvericin suppressed the dimerization of AR in cytoplasm.•This suppressing cause to block the translocation of cytoplasmic AR proteins to nucleus.•Condition of influencing environmental factors were investigated using RSM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We selected azole pesticides products that are managed by setting maximum residue limits (MRLs) in the Republic of Korea and describe the estrogen receptor (ER) α-related negative effect to endocrine ...system using in vitro Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development performance-based test guideline. No azoles were found to be an ERα agonist. Conversely, three azoles (bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad) were determined to be ERα antagonists. In addition, the ERα antagonistic activities of bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad were not significantly perturbed in the existence of phase I (hydroxylation, dealkylation, oxidation or reduction) and phase II (conjugation). Regarding the mechanism underlying their ERα-mediated endocrine disrupting potentials, ERα proteins cannot be translocated to the nucleus by suppressing the dimerization of ERα in the cytoplasm by bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad.
These data indicated that azole pesticide products show the capability to interfere the ERα-related human endocrine system. Furthermore, we identified the mechanism of ERα-mediated endocrine disrupting by azole insecticide products through this study.
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•Bitertanol, cafenstrole and tebufenpyrad were determined to be ERα antagonist.•Their hepatic metabolites also exhibited ERα antagonistic effects.•Three azoles suppressed homo-dimerization of ERαs in cytoplasm.•Finally, translocation of ERαs to the nucleus was inhibited.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Transfer learning has attracted considerable attention in medical image analysis because of the limited number of annotated 3-D medical datasets available for training data-driven deep learning ...models in the real world. We propose Medical Transformer, a novel transfer learning framework that effectively models 3-D volumetric images as a sequence of 2-D image slices. To improve the high-level representation in 3-D-form empowering spatial relations, we use a multiview approach that leverages information from three planes of the 3-D volume, while providing parameter-efficient training. For building a source model generally applicable to various tasks, we pretrain the model using self-supervised learning (SSL) for masked encoding vector prediction as a proxy task, using a large-scale normal, healthy brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. Our pretrained model is evaluated on three downstream tasks: 1) brain disease diagnosis; 2) brain age prediction; and 3) brain tumor segmentation, which are widely studied in brain MRI research. Experimental results demonstrate that our Medical Transformer outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) transfer learning methods, efficiently reducing the number of parameters by up to approximately 92% for classification and regression tasks and 97% for segmentation task, and it also achieves good performance in scenarios where only partial training samples are used.
Power generation technologies based on water movement and evaporation use water, which covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and can also generate power from moisture in the air. Studies are ...conducted to diversify materials to increase power generation performance and validate energy generation mechanisms. In this study, a water-based generator was fabricated by coating cellulose acetate with carbon black. To optimize the generator, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, specific surface area, zeta potential, particle size, and electrical performance analyses were conducted. The developed generator is a cylindrical generator with a diameter of 7.5 mm and length of 20 mm, which can generate a voltage of 0.15 V and current of 82 μA. Additionally, we analyzed the power generation performance using three factors (physical properties, cation effect, and evaporation environment) and proposed an energy generation mechanism. Furthermore, we developed an eco-friendly and low-cost generator using natural fibers with a simple manufacturing process. The proposed generator can contribute to the identification of energy generation mechanisms and is expected to be used as an alternative energy source in the future.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A bottom up approach is design HEA matrix composites with tunable microstructure.•Microstructure consisted of HEA matrix reinforced with continuous TiN network.•Ti concentration in ...the matrix decreased with increasing network thickness.•The designed microstructure show excellent efficiency in controlling matrix CTE.•All composites showed fracture strength in the excess of 1 GPa.
A bottom up approach is designed where a TiN coated CoCrFeNi core- core-shell powder was used as a building block to fabricate CoCrFeNi matrix composites with tunable microstructure. Initially, the core-shell powder was achieved by surface nitriding of mechanically alloyed CoCrFeNiTi powder. By controlling the treatment parameters, powders with variable shell thickness were achieved. Afterwards, the core-shell powder was sintered via spark plasma sintering. The sintered microstructures consisted of CoCrFeNi matrix along with a continuous network of TiN. After sintering of for powders with a thin shell, the matrix phase was Ti rich resulting in the precipitation of intermetallic phase. Additionally, the reinforcement network showed high connectivity. As the shell thickness was increased, the matrix became Ti deficient resulting in the suppression of intermetallic precipitation. The increase in shell thickness also caused discontinuities in the reinforcement network. These microstructural changes impacted the thermal and mechanical properties of the resultant composite. The reinforcement network significantly reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion of the matrix phase. Additionally, all composites showed fracture strength in excess of 1 GPa showing excellent reinforcement efficiency in the designed microstructure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
l-Ergothioneine (EGT) is a strong antioxidant used in industry, and it is commonly extracted from mushrooms; however, its production is limited. As an alternative, we developed metabolically ...engineered
with reinforced sulfur assimilation and pentose phosphate pathways, which led to the accumulation of 45.0 and 63.2 mg/L EGT, respectively. Additionally, the overexpression of
resulted in further promoted EGT production in ET4 (66.5 mg/L) and ET7 (85.0 mg/L). Based on this result, we developed the strain ET11, in which all sulfur assimilatory, PP, and l-cysteine synthetic pathways were reinforced, and it synthesized 264.4 mg/L EGT. This study presents the first strategy for EGT synthesis that does not require precursor addition in
, and the production time was shortened. In addition, the synthesized EGT showed high radical scavenging activity (70.7%), thus confirming its antioxidant function. Consequently, this study showed the possibility of EGT commercialization by overcoming the limitations of industrial processes.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
