Dynamic complexity in brain functional connectivity has hindered the effective use of signal processing or machine learning methods to diagnose neurological disorders such as epilepsy. This paper ...proposed a new graph-generative neural network (GGN) model for the dynamic discovery of brain functional connectivity via deep analysis of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded from various regions of a patient's scalp. Brain functional connectivity graphs are generated for the extraction of spatial-temporal resolution of various onset epilepsy seizure patterns. Our supervised GGN model was substantiated by seizure detection and classification experiments. We train the GGN model using a clinically proven dataset of over 3047 epileptic seizure cases. The GGN model achieved a 91% accuracy in classifying seven types of epileptic seizure attacks, which outperformed the 65%, 74%, and 82% accuracy in using the convolutional neural network (CNN), graph neural networks (GNN), and transformer models, respectively. We present the GGN model architecture and operational steps to assist neuroscientists or brain specialists in using dynamic functional connectivity information to detect neurological disorders. Furthermore, we suggest to merge our spatial-temporal graph generator design in upgrading the conventional CNN and GNN models with dynamic convolutional kernels for accuracy enhancement.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article proposes a new satellite-based framework for global-scale remote sensing that is integrated with on-orbit cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) services. These spaced-based ...services cover the entire earth surfaces using massive low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation. Global-scale sensing of earth resources must be supported by massive number of LEO satellites equipped with cloud/AI computing services in real time. New satellite computer architectural features are presented along with some satellite constellation deployment topologies. We design satellite-based computers to support on-orbit remote sensing and AI scene analysis. This demands real-time performance without transmitting the sensed data back to earth for delayed processing. Notable space data services include on-orbit data sensing of large areas, machine learning from earth resources data, earth scene/event analysis, geomorphology observation, smart city management, disaster relief, global healthcare Internet of Things, environmental ecology protection, etc. We attempt to achieve high-efficiency earth resources utilization along with green energy, low cost, and robustness in real-life services.
Image caption generation is a fundamental task to build a bridge between image and its description in text, which is drawing increasing interest in artificial intelligence. Images and textual ...sentences are viewed as two different carriers of information, which are symmetric and unified in the same content of visual scene. The existing image captioning methods rarely consider generating a final description sentence in a coarse-grained to fine-grained way, which is how humans understand the surrounding scenes; and the generated sentence sometimes only describes coarse-grained image content. Therefore, we propose a coarse-to-fine-grained hierarchical generation method for image captioning, named SDA-CFGHG, to address the two problems above. The core of our SDA-CFGHG method is a sequential dual attention that is used to fuse different grained visual information with sequential means. The advantage of our SDA-CFGHG method is that it can achieve image captioning in a coarse-to-fine-grained way and the generated textual sentence can capture details of the raw image to some degree. Moreover, we validate the impressive performance of our method on benchmark datasets—MS COCO, Flickr—with several popular evaluation metrics—CIDEr, SPICE, METEOR, ROUGE-L, and BLEU.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Image caption generation is attractive research which focuses on generating natural language sentences to describe the visual content of a given image. It is an interdisciplinary subject combining ...computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP). The existing image captioning methods are mainly focused on generating the final image caption directly, which may lose significant identification information of objects contained in the raw image. Therefore, we propose a new middle-level attribute-based language retouching (MLALR) method to solve this problem. Our proposed MLALR method uses the middle-level attributes predicted from the object regions to retouch the intermediate image description, which is generated by our language generation model. The advantage of our MLALR method is that it can correct descriptive errors in the intermediate image description and make the final image caption more accurate. Moreover, evaluation using benchmark datasets—MSCOCO, Flickr8K, and Flickr30K—validated the impressive performance of our MLALR method with evaluation metrics—BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE-L, CIDEr, and SPICE.
For yolk-shell structured nanoreactors, multiple active components can be precisely positioned on core and/or shell that can afford more exposed accessible active sites, and the internal voids can ...guarantee sufficient contact of reactants and catalysts. In this work, a unique yolk–shell structured nanoreactor Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 was fabricated and applied as nanozyme for biosensing. The Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 exhibited superior peroxidase-like activity with a lower Michaelis constant (Km) and a higher affinity to H2O2. The enhanced peroxidase-like activity was attributed to the unique structure and the synergistic effects between the multiple active components. Colorimetric essays were developed based on Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 for the ultra-sensitive sensing of glucose in the range of 3.9 nM–1.03 mM with the limit of detection as low as 3.2 nM. In the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the cooperation between G6PD and Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 triggered the redox cycling between NAD+ and NADH, thereby achieving the amplification of the signal and enhancing the sensitivity of the assay. The assay showed superior performance as compared to other methods with linear response of 5.0 × 10−3–15 mU mL−1 and lower detection limit of 3.6 × 10−3 mU mL−1. The fabricated novel multi-enzyme catalytical cascade reaction system allowed rapid and sensitive biodetection, demonstrating its potential in biosensors and biomedical applications.
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•A unique yolk–shell structured nanoreactor Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 was fabricated.•The Au@Co3O4/CeO2@mSiO2 exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity due to the unique structure and the synergistic effect.•Colorimetric essays were developed based on the combination of the nanozyme and the natural enzymes for biosensing.•The designed multi-enzymatic cascade reaction system allowed rapid and sensitive biodetection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel NiO/CeO2−mSiO2 nanocages with superior peroxidase−like activities due to the synergetic effect between NiO and CeO2 were fabricated by a simple etching−precipitation method with core−shell ...structured Cu2O@mSiO2 as a sacrificial template. Based on the peroxidase−like activity of the NiO/CeO2−mSiO2 nanocages, an enzyme cascade−triggered colorimetric sensing platform was exploited for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) detection, owing to the fact that ascorbic acid (AA) that is the ALP enzymatic hydrolysis product of ascorbic acid 2−phosphate (AAP) can efficiently reduce the oxidation product of TMB (oxTMB) generated under the catalysis of the NiO/CeO2−mSiO2. For the sensing of ALP, a good linear response was observed in the range of 0.0005–1.25 mU mL−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.00048 mU mL−1. Furthermore, the proposed enzyme cascade−triggered colorimetric sensing platform could be further explored for sensing of tyrosinase, according to the fact that dopamine (DA) the catalytic product of tyramine (Tyr) by tyrosinase could initiate the redox reaction with the oxTMB acquired under the catalysis of the NiO/CeO2−mSiO2. A wide linear response was found for tyrosinase detection from 0.02 mU mL−1 to 3.4 U mL−1 with a LOD as low as 0.002 U mL−1. This work not only offers a facile and effective approach to fabricate nanozymes with excellent catalytic activity, but also provides a promising enzyme cascade−triggered colorimetric method for the ultra−sensitive detection of biological enzymes.
Display omitted
•A unique NiO/CeO2-mSiO2 nanocages were fabricated by a facile etching−precipitation strategy.•NiO/CeO2-mSiO2 nanocages exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity due to the unique structure andsynergistic effect.•Colorimetric essays were developed based on the combination of the nanozyme and the natural enzymes for biosensing.•The enzyme cascade−triggered colorimetric method allowed rapid and sensitive biodetection.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
For yolk-shell structured nanoreactors, multiple active components can be precisely positioned on core and/or shell that can afford more exposed accessible active sites, and the internal voids can ...guarantee sufficient contact of reactants and catalysts. In this work, a unique yolk-shell structured nanoreactor Au@Co
O
/CeO
@mSiO
was fabricated and applied as nanozyme for biosensing. The Au@Co
O
/CeO
@mSiO
exhibited superior peroxidase-like activity with a lower Michaelis constant (K
) and a higher affinity to H
O
. The enhanced peroxidase-like activity was attributed to the unique structure and the synergistic effects between the multiple active components. Colorimetric essays were developed based on Au@Co
O
/CeO
@mSiO
for the ultra-sensitive sensing of glucose in the range of 3.9 nM-1.03 mM with the limit of detection as low as 3.2 nM. In the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the cooperation between G6PD and Au@Co
O
/CeO
@mSiO
triggered the redox cycling between NAD
and NADH, thereby achieving the amplification of the signal and enhancing the sensitivity of the assay. The assay showed superior performance as compared to other methods with linear response of 5.0 × 10
-15 mU mL
and lower detection limit of 3.6 × 10
mU mL
. The fabricated novel multi-enzyme catalytical cascade reaction system allowed rapid and sensitive biodetection, demonstrating its potential in biosensors and biomedical applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, new multiplicative and strongly multiplicative linear ramp secret sharing schemes (LRSSSs) based on codes are presented by making use of the construction of LRSSSs without ...multiplication or strong multiplication in EUROCRYPT 2007 and a special isomorphism. Next, the sufficient conditions that new schemes have multiplication and strong multiplication are also presented. Then, we construct new (strongly) multiplicative LRSSSs based on algebraic geometry codes and give the sufficient conditions that they have multiplication and strong multiplication. Moreover, better LRSSSs with multiplication and strong multiplication based on algebraic geometric codes are presented. They are better than the existing LRSSSs with multiplication and strong multiplication based on algebraic geometric codes in CRYPTO 2006 and EUROCRYPT 2008. One of the advantages of our (strongly) multiplicative scheme is that it does not consume code-length in exchange for secret-length; the construction in CRYPTO 2006 and EUROCRYPT 2008 does consume code-length. Specially, we construct better LRSSSs with multiplication or strong multiplication when the dimension of the secret-domain l=1 or 2.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Datacenter networks have attracted a lot of research interest in the past few years. BCube is proved to be a promising scheme due to its low cost. By using a recursive construction scheme, BCube can ...exponentially scale a datacenter. Industry experiences, however, articulate the importance of incremental expansion of datacenter. In this article, the authors show that BCube's expanding scheme suffers low utilization of switch ports. They propose IBCube, a novel economical design for incrementally building datacenter networks. The insight is that: by letting the number of switches in each BCube layer equal the number of the building blocks, the authors can enable the switch ports to be fully utilized to support the total number of network interface cards of the deployed servers in the datacenters. Accordingly, their IBCube designs a novel automatic port allocation scheme. Simulation results show that the IBCube design reduces the budget for the datacenter networks by 94% as well as improves the packet delay and throughput by 10.3% and 11.5%, respectively, compared to the previous partial BCube design.
Cloud computing has good prospects in many application fields, because it dramatically reduces the construction cost, brings data integration capability, and has efficient and flexible working ...models. One core layer of cloud platform is the IaaS layer. In this paper, an instance of IaaS platform is proposed, called G-Cloud, which is a cloud operating system and supports the virtualization and unified management of large-scale computing resources, storage resources, and network resources. We describe the design and implementation of this platform, focusing on its reliability and security. Experimental results of real applications show that its availability and throughput fulfill users' requirements. We hope this platform will be promoted in more fields.
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