A novel immobilized-phosphate zirconium-based nanoscale metal-organic framework composite, denoted as UiO-66-P, was synthesized through a post-synthetic approach using UiO-66 nanoparticles and Na3PO4 ...ligands. The negatively charged UiO-66-P composite framework exhibited high stability, excellent porosity, excellent activity in the charge-selective capture and separation of cationic organic dyes.
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•UiO-66-P composites were prepared using a post-synthetic approach.•UiO-66-P composites are negatively charged, and show improved electrostatic interaction with Methylene Blue.•UiO-66-P composites exhibit highly selective adsorption of Methylene Blue.•UiO-66 nanocrystals have high adsorptive capacity for Congo Red, Methyl Orange, and Acid Chrome Blue K.
A novel immobilized-phosphate zirconium-based metal-organic framework composite, denoted as UiO-66-P, was synthesized by a solvothermal method using UiO-66 nanoparticles and Na3PO4 ligands. The products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, and gas adsorption measurements. The UiO-66-P nanocrystals, which comprised negatively charged frameworks, exhibited high stability, excellent porosity, and efficient charge-selective capture and separation of the cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB). An uptake capacity of 91.1mgg−1 was achieved at room temperature over 24h when 5mg of UiO-66-P was immersed in 40mL of a 500mgL−1MB solution. This capacity is much higher than that of UiO-66 (24.5mgg−1). The adsorption capability of UiO-66-P for MB was improved by 272% compared to that of pristine UiO-66. The effects of variables such as initial pH, MB concentration, and contact time were investigated. In addition, the as-obtained UiO-66 nanocrystals exhibited excellent adsorption capability for the anionic dyes Congo Red, Acid Chrome Blue K, and Methyl Orange.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Although clinical studies have shown promise for targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) signaling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the factors that predict which ...subtype patients will be responsive to checkpoint blockade are not fully understood.
We performed an integrated analysis on the multiple-dimensional data types including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and clinical data from cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma public (discovery set) and internal (validation set) database and immunotherapeutic patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to determine potentially relevant gene expression signatures between specific subgroups.
We observed that
mutation significantly increased expression of immune checkpoints and activated T-effector and interferon-γ signature. More importantly, the
comutated subgroup manifested exclusive increased expression of PD-L1 and a highest proportion of
Meanwhile,
or
-mutated tumors showed prominently increased mutation burden and specifically enriched in the transversion-high (TH) cohort. Further analysis focused on the potential molecular mechanism revealed that
or
mutation altered a group of genes involved in cell-cycle regulating, DNA replication and damage repair. Finally, immunotherapeutic analysis from public clinical trial and prospective observation in our center were further confirmed that
or
mutation patients, especially those with co-occurring
mutations, showed remarkable clinical benefit to PD-1 inhibitors.
This work provides evidence that
and
mutation in lung adenocarcinoma may be served as a pair of potential predictive factors in guiding anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Dye wastewater pollution is a pervasive problem that hinders sustainable development. Adsorption is a particularly important technique for treating dye wastewater because of its low cost, high ...efficiency, and operational ease. Moreover, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising materials for the removal of toxic dyes from industrial wastewater because of their exceptionally high porosity, abundant active sites, and receptiveness to functional modification. This review highlights recent advancements in functionally modified MOFs (FM-MOFs) fabricated as adsorbents for effective organic dye removal, and classifies the FM-MOFs based on various modification strategies. In particular, the effects of these functional modification strategies on the adsorption driving forces between the FM-MOF adsorbents and organic dyes are systematically examined.
Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM from the basolateral surface to the apical side of the epithelium and subsequent secretion into mucosal fluids are mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin ...receptor (pIgR). Secreted IgA and IgM have vital roles in mucosal immunity in response to pathogenic infections. Binding and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR require the joining chain (J chain), a small protein essential in the formation and stabilization of polymeric Ig structures. Recent studies have identified marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) as a novel regulator of polymeric IgA and IgM formation. MZB1 might facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis by promoting the binding of J chain to Ig. In this review, we discuss the roles of pIgR in transcytosis of IgA and IgM, the roles of J chain in the formation of polymeric IgA and IgM and recognition by pIgR, and focus particularly on recent progress in understanding the roles of MZB1, a molecular chaperone protein.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The emergence of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has generated enormous interest in the photovoltaic research community. However, in general they exhibit low power ...conversion efficiencies (PCEs) because of the existence of defects. A new all‐inorganic perovskite material, CsPbI3:Br:InI3, is prepared by defect engineering of CsPbI3. This new perovskite retains the same bandgap as CsPbI3, while the intrinsic defect concentration is largely suppressed. Moreover, it can be prepared in an extremely high humidity atmosphere and thus a glovebox is not required. By completely eliminating the labile and expensive components in traditional PSCs, the all‐inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI3:Br:InI3 and carbon electrode exhibit PCE and open‐circuit voltage as high as 12.04% and 1.20 V, respectively. More importantly, they demonstrate excellent stability in air for more than two months, while those based on CsPbI3 can survive only a few days in air. The progress reported represents a major leap for all‐inorganic PSCs and paves the way for their further exploration in order to achieve higher performance.
A new all‐inorganic perovskite material, CsPbI3:Br:InI3, is prepared through defect engineering of CsPbI3. This new perovskite retains the same bandgap as CsPbI3, but with intrinsic defect concentration largely suppressed. Moreover, it can be prepared in an extremely high humidity atmosphere. By completely eliminating the labile and expensive components in traditional perovskite solar cells (PSCs), these all‐inorganic PSCs exhibit high photovoltaic performances.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites with the prototype material of CH3NH3PbI3 have recently attracted intense interest as low-cost and high-performance photovoltaic absorbers. Despite the ...high power conversion efficiency exceeding 20% achieved by their solar cells, two key issuesthe poor device stabilities associated with their intrinsic material instability and the toxicity due to water-soluble Pb2+need to be resolved before large-scale commercialization. Here, we address these issues by exploiting the strategy of cation-transmutation to design stable inorganic Pb-free halide perovskites for solar cells. The idea is to convert two divalent Pb2+ ions into one monovalent M+ and one trivalent M3+ ions, forming a rich class of quaternary halides in double-perovskite structure. We find through first-principles calculations this class of materials have good phase stability against decomposition and wide-range tunable optoelectronic properties. With photovoltaic-functionality-directed materials screening, we identify 11 optimal materials with intrinsic thermodynamic stability, suitable band gaps, small carrier effective masses, and low excitons binding energies as promising candidates to replace Pb-based photovoltaic absorbers in perovskite solar cells. The chemical trends of phase stabilities and electronic properties are also established for this class of materials, offering useful guidance for the development of perovskite solar cells fabricated with them.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Current‐induced magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque (SOT) holds considerable promise for next generation ultralow‐power memory and logic applications. In most cases, generation of spin–orbit ...torques has relied on an external injection of out‐of‐plane spin currents into the magnetic layer, while an external magnetic field along the electric current direction is generally required for realizing deterministic switching by SOT. Here, deterministic current‐induced SOT full magnetization switching by lateral spin–orbit torque in zero external magnetic field is reported. The Pt/Co/Pt magnetic structure is locally annealed by a laser track along the in‐plane current direction, resulting in a lateral Pt gradient within the ferromagnetic layer, as confirmed by microstructure and chemical composition analysis. In zero magnetic field, the direction of the deterministic current‐induced magnetization switching depends on the location of the laser track, but shows no dependence on the net polarization of external out‐of‐plane spin currents. From the behavior under external magnetic fields, two independent mechanisms giving rise to SOT are identified, i.e., the lateral Pt–Co asymmetry as well as out‐of‐plane injected spin currents, where the polarization and the magnitude of the SOT in the former case depends on the relative location and the laser power of the annealing track.
Deterministic current‐induced full magnetization switching is realized in locally laser annealed Pt/Co/Pt trilayers. In zero magnetic field, the switching direction depends on the location of the laser track, regardless of the net polarization of external out‐of‐plane spin currents. This result is ascribed to an effect of lateral spin–orbit torque induced by the lateral Pt–Co interface after localized laser annealing.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Social support has been widely known as a protective factor for the emotional well-being (EWB) of older adults, but less studies have investigated the roles of different sources of social support ...(i.e., family and friend support) on different facets of EWB (i.e., positive affect and negative affect) simultaneously.
In this study, the associations between family/friend support and positive/negative affect were investigated in a sample of 700 Chinese elderly. The EWB and social support were measured with a 12-item affective wordlist (Kahneman et al., 2004) and a self-prepared questionnaire. The results showed that (1) the order of contact frequency and mutual support followed a hierarchical order from spouse, children, to friends; (2) zero-order correlations of both family support and friend support were associated with more positive affect and less negative affect; and when compared with the relative role of family and friend support, (3) spouse (children if spouse is not available) support had greater contribution on decreasing negative affect, while friend support had greater influence on increasing positive affect, even after controlling the demographic, self-rated health and life events variables.
Family and friend support play different roles on the two facets of EWB of the elderly. These results were better explained in light of the task specificity model rather than the hierarchical compensatory model. Moreover, positive affect may be enhanced by friend support (based on personal interests and selectable) rather than family support (bonded by kinship and not selectable), which added evidences to the socioemotional selectivity theory.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The traditional end-to-end cyclization of long-chain linear precursors is difficult and often unpredictable because the unfavorable entropy of macrocyclic closure allows undesired intermolecular ...reactions to compete. Here, we apply cavitands to the selective intramolecular aldol/dehydration reaction of long-chain α,ω-dialdehydes in aqueous solution. Hydrophobic forces drive the dialdehydes into the cavitands in folded conformations and favor macrocyclization reactions over intermolecular reactions observed in bulk solution. The macrocyclic aldol reaction products are isolated in good yields (30–85%) over a wide range (11 to 17-membered rings). Unlike conventional templates that become guests inside their assembled hosts, cavitands reverse the roles and resemble the situation in biological catalysisthe templates are hosts for guests undergoing the assisted reaction processes.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The concerns about the accumulating plastic waste pollution have stimulated the rapid development of bioplastics, in particular biodegradable bioplastics derived from renewable resources. Driven by a ...low carbon circular economy, bioplastics production is estimated to reach a 40% share of the plastics market by 2030 (Bioplastics Market Data, 2018). It is expected to substitute petrochemical-based plastics in many applications, from food packaging, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture to textiles. The current biodegradable bioplastics have met challenges in competing with engineering polymers such as PET and Nylon in terms of processing capacity at the industry scale, mechanical robustness, thermal resistance, and stability. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has a similar chemical structure to PLA but without the methyl side group, which allows the polymer chains to pack together tightly and results in a high degree of crystallinity (45-55%), high thermal stability (
T
m
= 220-230 °C), exceptionally high gas barrier (3 times higher than EVOH), as well as high mechanical strength (115 MPa) and stiffness (7 GPa). Meanwhile, PGA is rapidly biodegradable and 100% compostable, showing a similar biodegradation profile to cellulose. To date, PGA has been mainly used in the form of copolymers, such as poly(lactic-
co
-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Its unique properties have often been overlooked and are yet to be explored. This is caused by its intrinsic characteristics such as high hydrophilicity, rapid degradation, insolubility in most organic solvents and brittleness that have hindered its practical applications. Here we introduced the synthetic chemistry, processing methods, modification, and applications of PGA, aiming to provide a critical discussion about the technical challenges, development opportunities, and solutions for PGA-based materials. The future direction and perspectives for high-performance PGA are proposed. Given its synthesis diversity and unique properties, PGA shows great potential to substitute engineering petrochemical-based polymers for high temperature and high gas barrier packaging applications.
Unique properties of PGA, and its modifications and applications.
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