An easy and efficient homogeneous adsorption of chitosan for metal ions in a single and binary metal ion systems was investigated. The chitosan solution was firstly mixed into the metal ion solution ...to quickly chelate metal ions. Then chitosan-metal ion nanoparticles were formed when sodium phytate was added into mixed solution and finally separated by centrifugation. The homogeneous adsorption properties of chitosan for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions under different adsorption conditions were investigated in detail. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) followed the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, were 405 and 315 mg/g, respectively, initial concentration 1000 mg/L of Cu(II) or Ni(II) ions, pH 5.2, and temperature 30 °C. These values were five and eight times as much as pure chitosan resin reported, showing a high performance/price ratio although no regeneration. Phosphorus atoms were not determined in the liquid supernatant by ICP though addition of sodium phytate, suggesting no secondary pollution occurred after addition of sodium phytate. These results demonstrated that the homogeneous adsorption of chitosan solution for metal ions was a promising clear production process.
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•An easy and efficient homogeneous adsorption of chitosan for metal ions was investigated.•The homogeneous adsorption for Cu(II) and Ni(II) is five and eight times as much as CS resin reported, respectively.•A quick adsorption equilibrium reached within 30 min.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background:
Hypoxia is a crucial factor in the progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators in GC, and this study focused on ...researching circC6orf132 in GC progression under hypoxia.
Methods:
In vitro
experiments were performed in GC cells under hypoxia (1% O
2
). CircC6orf132, microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p), and protein kinase AMP-activated alpha 1 catalytic subunit (PRKAA1) levels were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Colony formation assay and transwell assay were used for detecting cell proliferation and migration or invasion. Glycolytic metabolism was evaluated using lactate production, glucose uptake, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Western blotting was performed for determining protein expression. The target interaction was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays.
In vivo
assay was conducted
via
mouse xenograft model.
Results:
The expression of circC6orf132 was significantly high in GC cells under hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced GC proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis were reversed by silencing circC6orf132. CircC6orf132 targeted miR-873-5p; and the inhibition of circC6orf132 knockdown for the effects of hypoxia on GC cells was abrogated by miR-873-5p inhibitor. PRKAA1 was validated as a downstream gene of miR-873-5p, and miR-873-5p functioned as an anticancer molecule in GC cells under hypoxia by downregulating PRKAA1 level. CircC6orf132 could regulate PRKAA1 by sponging miR-873-5p. CircC6orf132/miR-873-5p/PRKAA1 axis could regulate GC progression under the hypoxic condition. CircC6orf132 downregulation reduced tumorigenesis
in vivo
through affecting the miR-873-5p/PRKAA1 axis.
Conclusion:
CircC6orf132 has been affirmed to promote proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis in GC under hypoxia, partly by depending on the regulation of miR-873-5p/PRKAA1 axis.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interleukin-10 (hcmvIL-10), encoded by HCMV UL111A gene, is a homolog of human IL-10. It exerts immunomodulatory effects that allow HCMV to evade host defense mechanisms. ...However, the exact mechanism underlying the regulation of hcmvIL-10 expression is not well understood. The transcription factor acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML-1) plays an important role in the regulation of various genes involved in the differentiation of hematopoietic lineages. A putative AML-1 binding site is present within the upstream regulatory region (URR) of UL111A gene. To provide evidence that AML-1 is involved in regulating UL111A gene expression, we examined the interaction of AML-1 with the URR of UL111A in HCMV-infected human monocytic THP-1 cells using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. HcmvIL-10 transcription was detected in differentiated THP-1 cells, but not in undifferentiated ones. Furthermore, the URR of UL111A showed a higher intensity of AML-1 binding, a higher level of histone H3 acetyl-K9, but a lower level of histone H3 dimethyl-K9 in differentiated THP-1 cells than undifferentiated cells. Down-regulation of AML1 by RNA interference decreased the expression of the UL111A gene. Our results suggest that AML-1 may contribute to the epigenetic regulation of UL111A gene via histone modification in HCMV-infected differentiated THP-1 cells. This finding could be useful for the development of new anti-viral therapies.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reliable noninvasive biomarkers are needed to accurately assess disease activity and prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the ...clinical relevance of Wnt5A with disease activity and severity with cutaneous involvement in particular in SLE patients; its concentrations in plasma and urine were examined and analyzed. In the cross-sectional study, the clinical relevance of Wnt5A protein was evaluated in both plasma and urine of SLE patients and healthy cohorts using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Significantly, more abundances of Wnt5A protein were determined in both of plasmas and urines of SLE patients compared to healthy cohorts (
p
< 0.0001), which were even higher in active disease (AD) SLE patients relative to low disease activity (LDA) SLE patients (
p
< 0.0001). Meanwhile, the ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the plasma and urine Wnt5A were potential candidate biomarkers for identifying the disease activity and severity in SLE patients. The discriminant function analysis further revealed that the plasma and urine Wnt5A were separated and distinct for AD SLE patients and healthy controls. In consistence, the disease severity was correlated with the plasma and urine Wnt5A as ascertained by CLASI activity score and the prevalence of serositis in SLE patients. These results suggest that Wnt5A, as a summary measure for different inflammatory processes, could be a potential biomarker for accessing the disease activity, and a noninvasive biomarker for evaluating the disease severity in terms of cutaneous involvement in SLE patients.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Some evidence suggests that bone health can be regulated by gut microbiota. To better understand this, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to analyze the intestinal microbial diversity in ...primary osteoporosis (OP) patients, osteopenia (ON) patients and normal controls (NC). We observed an inverse correlation between the number of bacterial taxa and the value of bone mineral density. The diversity estimators in the OP and ON groups were increased compared with those in the NC group. Beta diversity analyses based on hierarchical clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) could discriminate the NC samples from OP and ON samples. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria constituted the four dominant phyla in all samples. Proportion of Firmicutes was significantly higher and Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in OP samples than that in NC samples (
< 0.05), Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were significantly different between OP and NC group as well as between ON and NC group (
< 0.01). A total of 21 genera with proportions above 1% were detected and Bacteroides accounted for the largest proportion in all samples. The Blautia, Parabacteroides and Ruminococcaceae genera differed significantly between the OP and NC group (
< 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results showed one phylum community and seven phylum communities were enriched in ON and OP, respectively. Thirty-five genus communities, five genus communities and two genus communities were enriched in OP, ON and NC, respectively. The results of this study indicate that gut microbiota may be a critical factor in osteoporosis development, which can further help us search for novel biomarkers of gut microbiota in OP and understand the interaction between gut microbiota and bone health.
Sepsis is an acute inflammatory response that leads to life-threatening complications if not quickly and adequately treated. Cytolysin, hemolysin, and pneumolysin are toxins produced by gram-positive ...bacteria and are responsible for resistance to antimicrobial drugs, cause virulence and lead to sepsis. This work assessed the effects of aloe-emodin (AE) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on sepsis-associated gram-positive bacterial toxins. Standard and antibiotic-resistant
,
, and
bacterial strains were cultured in the dark with varying AE concentrations and later irradiated with 72 J/cm
light. Colony and biofilm formation was determined. CCK-8, Griess reagent reaction, and ELISA assays were done on bacteria-infected RAW264.7 cells to determine the cell viability, NO, and IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines responses, respectively. Hemolysis and western blot assays were done to determine the effect of treatment on hemolysis activity and sepsis-associated toxins expressions. AE-mediated PDT reduced bacterial survival in a dose-dependent manner with 32 μg/ml of AE almost eliminating their survival. Cell proliferation, NO, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines production were also significantly downregulated. Further, the hemolytic activities and expressions of cytolysin, hemolysin, and pneumolysin were significantly reduced following AE-mediated PDT. In conclusion, combined use of AE and light (435 ± 10 nm) inactivates MRSA,
(ATCC 29213),
(ATCC 49619), MDR-
,
(ATCC 29212), and VRE (ATCC 51299) in an AE-dose dependent manner. AE and light are also effective in reducing biofilm formations, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, hemolytic activities, and inhibiting the expressions of toxins that cause sepsis.
The evolutionary conservation of non-core RAG regions suggests significant roles that might involve quantitative or qualitative alterations in RAG activity. Off-target V(D)J recombination contributes ...to lymphomagenesis and is exacerbated by RAG2’ C-terminus absence in Tp53 −/− mice thymic lymphomas. However, the genomic stability effects of non-core regions from both Rag1 c/c and Rag2 c/c in BCR-ABL1 + B-lymphoblastic leukemia ( BCR-ABL1 + B-ALL), the characteristics, and mechanisms of non-core regions in suppressing off-target V(D)J recombination remain unclear. Here, we established three mouse models of BCR-ABL1 + B-ALL in mice expressing full-length RAG (Rag f/f ), core RAG1 (Rag1 c/c ), and core RAG2 (Rag2 c/c ). The Rag c/c ( Rag1 c/c and Rag2 c/c ) leukemia cells exhibited greater malignant tumor characteristics compared to Rag f/f cells. Additionally, Rag c/c cells showed higher frequency of off-target V(D)J recombination and oncogenic mutations than Rag f/f . We also revealed decreased RAG cleavage accuracy in Rag c/c cells and a smaller recombinant size in Rag1 c/c cells, which could potentially exacerbate off-target V(D)J recombination in Rag c/c cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the non-core RAG regions, particularly the non-core region of RAG1, play a significant role in preserving V(D)J recombination precision and genomic stability in BCR-ABL1 + B-ALL.
The extensive and repetitive use of antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug-resistant Candida albicans. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has received considerable attention as an ...emerging and promising approach to combat drug-resistant microbes. This study evaluated the photodynamic effects mediated by aloe emodin (AE), a natural compound isolated from Aloe vera and Rheum palmatum, on azole-sensitive and azole-resistant C. albicans in vitro. AE exhibited no significant dark toxicity, but in the presence of light, effectively inactivated C. albicans cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The uptake of AE by fungal cells was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the results showed that AE possessed stronger ability to enter into C. albicans cells following light irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis suggested that AE-mediated aPDT could induce damage to the cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Damage to the surface of C. albicans was observed by scanning electron microscopy. These results suggest that AE is a potential PS for use in aPDT of drug-resistant C. albicans strains, and AE-mediated aPDT shows promise as an antifungal treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The critical initial step in V(D)J recombination, binding of RAG1 and RAG2 to recombination signal sequences flanking antigen receptor V, D, and J gene segments, has not previously been characterized ...in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that RAG protein binding occurs in a highly focal manner to a small region of active chromatin encompassing Igκ and Tcrα J gene segments and Igh and Tcrβ J and J-proximal D gene segments. Formation of these small RAG-bound regions, which we refer to as recombination centers, occurs in a developmental stage- and lineage-specific manner. Each RAG protein is independently capable of specific binding within recombination centers. While RAG1 binding was detected only at regions containing recombination signal sequences, RAG2 binds at thousands of sites in the genome containing histone 3 trimethylated at lysine 4. We propose that recombination centers coordinate V(D)J recombination by providing discrete sites within which gene segments are captured for recombination.
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► RAG1 and RAG2 bind focally to J gene segments in the Igh, Igκ, Tcrα, and Tcrβ loci ► Each RAG protein is independently capable of specific binding to chromatin ► RAG1 binding depends on recognition of recombination signal sequences ► RAG2 binds throughout the genome at sites of histone 3 trimethylated at lysine 4
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the rapid development of the economy, people have increasingly higher requirements for the comfort of living spaces, and the result is the sharp increase in building energy consumption. Several ...design parameters influence living space comfort and building energy efficiency. Since the same design standard can include different design parameter combinations, synergic relationships may exist between these criteria for one case. Identifying these synergic relationships requires an inverse problem approach. This paper established a model by combining an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) and numerical calculation to determine the synergic design parameter relationships (e.g. the thermophysical building material properties and energy-saving factors). For Formula: see text, the shading coefficient significantly influenced the linear function between the thermal conductivity and insulation thickness. In this case, the insulation thickness was exponentially related to the shading coefficient, while the thermal conductivity of the insulation material significantly impacted the synergic relationship. For Formula: see text, the insulation thickness was a segmented function of the shading coefficient. The results verified that the proposed model was efficient and reliable for identifying the synergic relationships between energy-saving parameters. In engineering applications, designers can select the optimal design parameter combination based on the relationship curve between the parameters in this paper according to the local market conditions and specific design requirements.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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