The most daunting challenge of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is the development of materials with simultaneously high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Herein, SPEs of lithium ...bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)‐doped poly(propylene monothiocarbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PPMTC‐b‐PEO) block copolymers (BCPs) with both blocks associating with Li+ ions are prepared. It is found that the PPMTC‐b‐PEO/LiTFSI electrolytes with double conductive phases exhibit much higher ionic conductivity (2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at r.t.) than the BCP electrolytes with a single conductive phase. Concurrently, the storage moduli of PPMTCn‐b‐PEO44/LiTFSI electrolytes are ≈1–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the neat PEO/LiTFSI electrolytes. Therefore, simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and mechanical properties is achieved by construction of a microphase‐separated and disordered structure with double conductive phases.
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) of lithium bis‐(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide‐doped poly(propylene monothiocarbonate)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers are successfully fabricated. SPEs with simultaneously improved ionic conductivity and storage moduli are achieved by construction of a microphase‐separated and disordered structure with double conductive phases, offering an effective strategy for the design of SPEs with optimized and balanced properties for advanced lithium battery technology.
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The human brain is a sophisticated, high‐performance biocomputer that processes multiple complex tasks in parallel with high efficiency and remarkably low power consumption. Scientists have long been ...pursuing an artificial intelligence (AI) that can rival the human brain. Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the intelligent brain, providing new insights for building AIs. The rapid development of materials engineering, device physics, chip integration, and neuroscience has led to exciting progress in neuromorphic computing with the goal of overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Herein, fundamental knowledge related to the structures and working principles of neurons and synapses of the biological nervous system is reviewed. An overview is then provided on the development of neuromorphic hardware systems, from artificial synapses and neurons to spike‐based neuromorphic computing platforms. It is hoped that this review will shed new light on the evolution of brain‐like computing.
Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the brain, providing a new insight for building machines having artificial intelligence. A comprehensive overview of the development of neuromorphic engineering from biological nervous systems to spike‐based neuromorphic computing platforms is provided.
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High‐performance photonic nonvolatile memory combining photosensing and data storage with low power consumption ensures the energy efficiency of computer systems. This study first reports in situ ...derived phosphorene/ZnO hybrid heterojunction nanoparticles and their application in broadband‐response photonic nonvolatile memory. The photonic nonvolatile memory consistently exhibits broadband response from ultraviolet (380 nm) to near infrared (785 nm), with controllable shifts of the SET voltage. The broadband resistive switching is attributed to the enhanced photon harvesting, a fast exciton separation, as well as the formation of an oxygen vacancy filament in the nano‐heterojunction. In addition, the device exhibits an excellent stability under air exposure compared with reported pristine phosphorene‐based nonvolatile memory. The superior antioxidation capacity is believed to originate from the fast transfer of lone‐pair electrons of phosphorene. The unique assembly of phosphorene/ZnO nano‐heterojunctions paves the way toward multifunctional broadband‐response data‐storage techniques.
A solution‐processed phosphorene/ZnO nano‐heterojunction is demonstrated. Light‐tunable broadband resistive switching from UV to NIR is realized through the novel optoelectronic coupling of ZnO and phosphorene in resistive random access memory (RRAM). Superior environmental tolerance together with a synergetic photovoltaic and photogating effect paves the way of this attractive material for next‐generation photonic RRAM devices.
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Atmospheric ozone has long been a threat to human health, however, rational design of high-performance O
-decomposition catalysts remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the great potential of a ...series of isomorphous bimetallic MOFs denoted as PCN-250(Fe
M) (M = Co
, Ni
, Mn
) in catalytic O
decomposition. Particularly, PCN-250(Fe
Co) showed 100% O
removal efficiency for a continuous air flow containing 1 ppm O
over a wide humidity range (0 ‒ 80% RH) at room temperature. Mechanism studies suggested that the high catalytic performance originated from the introduction of open Co(II) sites as well as its porous structure. Additionally, at low pressures around 10 Pa, PCN-250(Fe
Co) exhibited high adsorption capacities (89 ‒ 241 mg g
) for most VOCs, which are not only a class of hazardous air pollutants but also the precursor of O
. This work opens up a new avenue to develop advanced air purification materials for O
and VOCs removal in one.
The rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a matter of international concern as the disease is spreading fast 1, 2. Considering that the contagious disease has led to an ...enormous impact globally, there is an urgent need to identify the risk populations with poor prognosis. Ageing is associated with certain changes in pulmonary physiology, pathology and function, during the period of lung infection. Therefore, age-related differences in responsiveness and tolerance become obvious and lead to worse clinical outcomes in elderly individuals 3. Previous studies have mentioned that older COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of death 4–7. However, the age-related clinical characteristics, disease courses and outcomes other than death in COVID-19 patients remain unclear.
Age significantly determined the clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19. The prognosis was worse in patients older than 60 years, calling for clinicians to pay more attention to patients of this age.
https://bit.ly/34DTI05
Bioinspired artificial haptic neuron system has received much attention in the booming artificial intelligence industry for its broad range of high‐impact applications such as personal healthcare ...monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interfaces. An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time in this paper. The piezoresistive sensor serves as a sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electric signals, and the Nafion‐based memristor serves as the synapse to further process the information. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (6.7 × 107 kPa−1 in 1–5 kPa and 3.8 × 105 kPa−1 in 5–50 kPa) and durability (>7000 cycles), while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption (10–200 pJ) and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information, such as the count, frequency, duration and speed of the external force. As a proof‐of‐concept, English characters recognition with high accuracy can be achieved on the system under a supervised learning method. This work shows promising potential in bioinspired sensing systems owing to the high performance, excellent durability, and simple fabrication procedure.
An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and durability, while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption and remains stable for over 104 consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information.
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Despite the success of colonoscopy screening and recent advances in cancer treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadly cancers, with a significantly ...increased incidence in developing countries where people are adapting to Western lifestyle. Diet has an important impact on risk of CRC. Multiple epidemiological studies have suggested that excessive animal protein and fat intake, especially red meat and processed meat, could increase the risk of developing CRC while fiber could protect against colorectal tumorigenesis. Mechanisms have been investigated by animal studies.Diet could re-shape the community structure of gut microbiota and influence its function by modulating the production of metabolites. Butyrate, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which act as a favorable source for colonocytes, could protect colonic epithelial cells from tumorigenesis via anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties through cell metabolism, microbiota homeostasis, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and genetic/epigenetic regulation ways. In contrast, protein fermentation and bile acid deconjugation, which cause damage to colonic cells through proinflammatory and proneoplastic ways, lead to increasedriskofdevelopingCRC.In conclusion, abalanced diet with an increased abundance of fiber should be adopted to reduce the risk and prevent CRC.
Toxicity Research of PM2.5 Compositions In Vitro Jia, Yi-Yang; Wang, Qi; Liu, Te
International journal of environmental research and public health,
02/2017, Volume:
14, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
According to the published literature, we surmise that particulate matter (PM) concentration, individually, may be less important than components in explaining health effects. PM2.5 (aerodynamic ...diameter <2.5 μm) had similar cytotoxicity (e.g., cell viability reduction, oxidative damage, inflammatory effects and genetic toxicity) on different types of cells. The studies of cells are readily available for detailed mechanistic investigations, which is more appropriate for learning and comparing the mechanism caused by single or mixed ingredients coating a carbon core. No review exists that holistically examines the evidence from all components-based in vitro studies. We reviewed published studies that focus on the cytotoxicity of normal PM2.5. Those studies suggested that the toxicity of mixed compositions differs greatly from the single ingredients in mixed components and the target cells. The cytotoxic responses caused by PM2.5 components have not shown a consistent association with clear, specific health effects. The results may be beneficial for providing new targets for drugs for the treatment of PM2.5-related diseases.
Nanomaterials with cancer‐imaging and therapeutic properties have emerged as the principal focus of nanotheranostics. The past decade has experienced a significant increase in research in the design, ...formulation, and preclinical and clinical trials of theranostic nanosystems. However, current theranostic nanoformulations have yet to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. Consequently, the present review focuses on the importance of the careful examination of the in vivo preclinical status of specific nanotheranostic materials as a prerequisite for their clinical translation. The scope of coverage is structured according to all of the major organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanotheranostic materials and their in vivo preclinical status. The therapeutic advantages and limitations of these materials in animal models are considered and the various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarized.
The present review summarizes the in vivo preclinical status of various organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanomaterials employed in cancer theranostics. Performance outcomes of these systems in animal models and the limitations and challenges for their clinical translation are discussed. Strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles also are discussed.
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Motivated by the biological neuromorphic system with high degree of connectivity to process huge amounts of information, transistor‐based artificial synapses are expected to pave a way to overcome ...the von Neumann bottleneck for neuromorphic computing paradigm. Here, artificial flexible organic synaptic transistors capable of concurrently exhibiting signal transmission and learning functions are verified using C60/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) hybrid layer for the first time. C60 trapping sites are doped in PMMA by facile solution process to form the hybrid structure. The flexible synaptic transistor exhibits a memory window of 2.95 V, a currenton/currentoff ratio greater than 103, program/erase endurance cycle over 500 times. In addition, comprehensive synaptic functions of biosynapse including the excitatory postsynaptic current with different duration time, pulse amplitudes and temperatures, paired‐pulse facilitation/depression, potentiation and depression of the channel conductance modulation, transition from short‐term potentiation to long‐term potentiation, and repetitive learning processes are successfully emulated in this synaptic three‐terminal device. The realization of synaptic devices based on C60 with low operation voltage and controlled polarity of charge trapping is an important step toward future neuromorphic computing using organic electronics.
Artificial flexible organic synaptic transistors capable of concurrently exhibiting signal transmission and learning functions are verified using C60/poly(methyl methacrylate) hybrid layer for the first time. The continuous semiconducting channel modulation and essential functions of an artificial synapse, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, paired‐pulse depression, short‐term potentiation, long‐term potentiation as well as repetitive learning and forgetting processes are successfully achieved.
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