Abstract
The Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Survey is the latest-generation multiband optical imaging survey for galaxy evolution and structure formation. The “Ultra-deep” component of the ...HSC survey provides
grizy
broadband images over ∼3.4 deg
2
to detection limits of ∼26–28 AB, along with narrowband images, in the COSMOS and SXDS fields. These images provide an unprecedented combination of depths and area coverage, for studies of galaxies up to
z
∼ 7. However, the lack of coverage at <4000 Å implies an incomplete sampling of the rest-frame UV at
z
≲ 3, which is critically needed for understanding the buildup of stellar mass in later cosmic time. We conducted a multiyear CFHT
u
*-band imaging campaign in the two HSC Ultra-deep fields with CFHT MegaCam. By including shallower archival data, we reached 5
σ
depths of
u
* = 28.1 and 28.4 (AB) at the centers of the COSMOS and SXDS fields, respectively, and
u
* = 27.7 and 27.8 in the central 1 deg
2
fields. The image quality is ≳ 0.″90, fairly good for the
u
* band. Both the photometric and astrometric quality of our data are excellent. We show that the combination of our
u
*-band and HSC data can lead to high-quality photometric redshifts at
z
= 0–3, and robust measurements of rest-frame UV on galaxies at 0.4 <
z
< 0.6 for distinguishing green-valley galaxies from star-forming and quiescent galaxies. We publicly release our reduced
u
*-band images and reference catalogs, which can be used readily for scientific studies.
Abstract
We utilize the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) CAMIRA cluster catalog (Oguri et al. 2018 PASJ, 70, S20) and the photo-z galaxy catalog constructed in the HSC Wide field (S16A), covering ∼174 deg2, ...to study the star formation activity of galaxies in different environments over 0.2 < z < 1.1. We probe galaxies down to i ∼ 26, corresponding to a stellar mass limit of log10(M*/M⊙) ∼ 8.2 and ∼8.6 for star-forming and quiescent populations, respectively, at z ∼ 0.2. The existence of the red sequence for low stellar mass galaxies in clusters suggests that the environmental quenching persists to halt the star formation in the low-mass regime. In addition, star-forming galaxies in groups or clusters are systematically biased toward lower values of specific star formation rate by 0.1–0.3 dex with respect to those in the field, and the offsets show no strong redshift evolution over our redshift range, implying a universal slow quenching mechanism acting in the dense environments since z ∼ 1.1. Moreover, the environmental quenching dominates the mass quenching in low-mass galaxies, and the quenching dominance reverses in high-mass ones. The transition mass is greater in clusters than in groups, indicating that the environmental quenching is more effective for massive galaxies in clusters compared to groups.
This study explores low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT)'s efficacy in alleviating detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractility (DHIC) induced by ovarian hormone deficiency ...(OHD) in ovariectomized rats. The rats were categorized into the following four groups: sham group; OVX group, subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) for 12 months to induce OHD; OVX + SW4 group, underwent OHD for 12 months followed by 4 weeks of weekly LiESWT; and OVX + SW8 group, underwent OHD for 12 months followed by 8 weeks of weekly LiESWT. Cystometrogram studies and voiding behavior tracing were used to identify the symptoms of DHIC. Muscle strip contractility was evaluated through electrical-field, carbachol, ATP, and KCl stimulations. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to assess the expressions of various markers related to bladder dysfunction. The OVX rats exhibited significant bladder deterioration and overactivity, alleviated by LiESWT. LiESWT modified transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel expression, regulating calcium concentration and enhancing bladder capacity. It also elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, influencing ER-related Ca
channels and receptors to modulate detrusor muscle contractility. OHD after 12 months led to neuronal degeneration and reduced TRPV1 and TRPV4 channel activation. LiESWT demonstrated potential in enhancing angiogenic remodeling, neurogenesis, and receptor response, ameliorating DHIC via TRPV channels and cellular signaling in the OHD-induced DHIC rat model.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
This study assessed the benefits and efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) in reducing the risk of cancer in Asians with morbid obesity.
Methods
Records for patients aged between 18 and 55 years ...whose diagnoses corresponded with the ICD-9 codes for obesity and BS were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan between 2000 and 2015. The patients who underwent BS (BS group), those who did not undergo BS (NS group), and the general population (GP group) were propensity score matched. The outcome was newly diagnosed malignancy. Data were extracted from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patient Database (RCIPD) of the NHIRD.
Results
The BS group developed significantly less malignancy (1.18%) than the GP group (1.46%,
p
= 0.0364). There was no statistically significant difference in malignancy risk between the BS and GP groups (aHR =1.00,
p
= 0.9997). The NS group developed significantly higher malignancy (2.48%) than the GP group (1.97%,
p
< 0.0001). There was a significantly higher malignancy risk in the NS group (aHR =1.22,
p
< 0.0001) than in the GP group. In the subgroup analysis, the malignancy risks of the NS group were significantly higher in the subgroup of men aged between 18 and 35 years (aHR =1.37,
p
= 0.003) and women aged between 18 and 35 years (aHR = 1.62,
p
< 0.0001), and 35–55 years (aHR = 1.27,
p
< 0.0001). All the subgroup analyses between the BS and GP groups demonstrated no significant differences.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that BS reduced the risk of malignancy in patients with morbid obesity, particularly in women and young men.
Graphical Abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Plant trichomes are large single cells that are organized in a regular pattern and play multiple biological functions. In Arabidopsis, trichome development is mainly governed by the core ...trichome initiation regulators, including the R2R3 type MYB transcript factor GLABRA 1 (GL1), bHLH transcript factors GLABRA 3/ENHANCER OF GLABRA 3 (GL3/EGL3), and the WD‐40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1), as well as the downstream trichome regulator GLABRA 2 (GL2). GL1, GL3/EGL3, and TTG1 can form a trimeric activation complex to activate GL2, which is required for the trichome initiation and maintenance during cell differentiation. Arabidopsis JMJ29 is a JmjC domain‐containing histone demethylase belonging to the JHDM2/KDM3 group. Members of the JHDM2/KDM3 group histone demethylases are mainly responsible for the H3K9me1/2 demethylation. In the present study, we found that the trichome density on leaves and inflorescence stems is significantly decreased in jmj29 mutants. The expression of the core trichome regulators GL1, GL2, and GL3 is decreased in jmj29 mutants as well. Furthermore, JMJ29 can directly target GL3 and remove H3K9me2 on the GL3 locus. Collectively, we found that Arabidopsis JMJ29 is involved in trichome development by directly regulating GL3 expression. These results provide further insights into the molecular mechanism of epigenetic regulation in Arabidopsis trichome development.
Significance Statement
In the present study, we identified that the Arabidopsis JmjC domain‐containing histone demethylase JMJ29 is involved in the regulatory mechanism of trichome development. The trichome density is significantly decreased in jmj29 mutants. Furthermore, JMJ29 can directly activate the expression of trichome initiation gene GL3 by binding to its promoter and removing H3K9me2. These results provide further insights into the epigenetic mechanism of trichome initiation in Arabidopsis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We make use of a catalog of 1600 Pan-STARRS1 groups produced by the probability friends-of-friends algorithm to explore how the galaxy properties, i.e., the specific star formation rate (SSFR) and ...quiescent fraction, depend on stellar mass and group-centric radius. The work is the extension of Lin et al. In this work, powered by a stacking technique plus a background subtraction for contamination removal, a finer correction and more precise results are obtained than in our previous work. We find that while the quiescent fraction increases with decreasing group-centric radius, the median SSFRs of star-forming galaxies in groups at fixed stellar mass drop slightly from the field toward the group center. This suggests that the main quenching process in groups is likely a fast mechanism. On the other hand, a reduction in SSFRs by ∼0.2 dex is seen inside clusters as opposed to the field galaxies. If the reduction is attributed to the slow quenching effect, the slow quenching process acts dominantly in clusters. In addition, we also examine the density-color relation, where the density is defined by using a sixth-nearest-neighbor approach. Comparing the quiescent fractions contributed from the density and radial effect, we find that the density effect dominates the massive group or cluster galaxies, and the radial effect becomes more effective in less massive galaxies. The results support mergers and/or starvation as the main quenching mechanisms in the group environment, while harassment and/or starvation dominate in clusters.
This paper systematically studies high-current-induced effects, hot-carrier effects, and self-heating effects in flexible low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors fabricated on ...polyimide. By utilizing I-V and various-frequency C-V measurements, the exact location of defects generated by the self-heating effects can be clarified. The degradation mechanism is found to originate from asymmetric negative-bias temperature instability. After clarifying this mechanism, the self-heating effects were shown to be alleviated by manipulating the fabrication of the buffer layer, thereby improving heat dissipation capabilities.
Numerous vaccines have been developed to address the current COVID-19 pandemic, but safety, cross-neutralizing efficacy, and long-term protectivity of currently approved vaccines are still important ...issues. In this study, we developed a subunit vaccine, ASD254, by using a nanoparticle vaccine platform to encapsulate the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein. As compared with the aluminum-adjuvant RBD vaccine, ASD254 induced higher titers of RBD-specific antibodies and generated 10- to 30-fold more neutralizing antibodies. Mice vaccinated with ASD254 showed protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable infectious viral loads and reduced typical lesions in lung. Besides, neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated mice lasted for at least one year and were effective against various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential of ASD254 remained stable after 8-month storage at 4°C. Thus, ASD254 is a promising nanoparticle vaccine with good immunogenicity and stability to be developed as an effective vaccine option in controlling upcoming waves of COVID-19.
For decades, lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play critical roles in mediating lung cancer development and metastasis. The ...present study aims to clarify how HIF's over-activation affects lung cancer angiogenesis not only in a normoxic condition, but also a hypoxic niche. Our study shows that human lung cancer exhibits elevated levels of ceruloplasmin (CP), which has a negative impact on the prognosis of patients. CP affects the cellular Fe
level, which inactivates prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 1 and 2, resulting in HIF-2α enhancement. Increased HIF-2α leads to vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) secretion and angiogenesis. The expression of CP is under the epigenetic control of miR-145-5p. Restoration of miR-145-5p by miRNA mimics transfection decreases CP expression, increases Fe
and PHD1/2 levels and HIF hydroxylation while reduced HIF-2α levels resulting in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. In contrast, inhibition of miR-145-5p by miRNA inhibitors increases the expression of CP and VEGF-A in lung cancer cells. Significantly, miR-145-5p expression is lost in the tumor samples of lung cancer patients, and low miR-145-5p expression is strongly correlated with a shorter overall survival time. In conclusion, the current study reveals the clinical importance and prognostic value of miR-145-5p and CP. It identifies a unique mechanism of HIF-2α over-activation, which is mediated by iron imbalance of the iron-PHD coupling that modulates tumor angiogenesis.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The electrodeposition nature of copper on a gold electrode in a 4.8 pH CuSO4 solution was inquired using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, and thermal ...desorption spectroscopy techniques. Our results point out that the electrodeposition of copper prompts the formation of stable oxi-hydroxide species with a formal oxidation state Cu+ without the evidence of metallic copper formation (Cu0). Moreover, the subsequent anodic polarization of Cu2Oaq yields the formation of CuO, in the formal oxidation state Cu2+, which is dissolved at higher anodic potential. It was found that the dissolution process needs less charge than that required for the electrodeposition indicating a nonreversible process most likely due to concomitant water splitting and formation of protons during the electrodeposition.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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