1,7‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐substituted aza‐BODIPYs (tBu‐azaBDP) were successfully obtained for the first time. The structures of tBu‐azaBDP and Ph‐azaBDP were confirmed by X‐ray crystal analysis, and ...tBu‐azaBDP 2 is more twisted than Ph‐azaBDP 5. tBu‐azaBDPs have significant photo‐stability and enhanced water solubility. tBu‐azaBDPs possess excellent optical properties, such as high molar extinction coefficients, broad full width half maxima, and large Stokes shifts, which is comparable to those of the parent dye Ph‐azaBDP. Although the low‐barrier rotation of the distal ‐tBu groups in tBu‐azaBDPs results in low quantum yield, photothermal conversion efficiency and singlet oxygen generation ability of tBu‐azaBDPs are more effective than those of Ph‐azaBDP, which is highly desirable for a photothermal‐photodynamic therapy agent.
1,7‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐substituted aza‐BODIPYs (tBu‐azaBDPs) were successfully prepared for the first time. Although the low‐barrier rotation of the distal ‐tBu groups in tBu‐azaBDPs results in low quantum yield, photothermal conversion efficiency and single oxygen generation ability of tBu‐azaBDPs are effective than those of Ph‐azaBDP, which is highly desirable for a photothermal‐photodynamic therapy agent.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to investigate the protective effects of gastrodin (GSTD), a natural compound isolated from the root of Gastrodia elata BL., on ethanol-induced liver injury and apoptosis in HepG2 ...cells and animal models. For in vitro studies, GSTD was used to pre-treat the cells for 4 h followed by 600 mM of ethanol co-administration for 24 h. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats was induced by chronic ethanol-feeding plus a single dose (5 g/kg) of acute ethanol administration, GSTD at different doses were co-administered for 8 weeks. For acute liver injury experiment of ICR mice, GSTD (100 mg/kg/d) was pre-treated for 3 d followed by ethanol administration (5 g/kg) for 3 times. The results showed that GSTD protects HepG2 cells from ethanol-induced toxicity, injury, and apoptosis significantly. Co-administered with ethanol, GSTD prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced the release cytochrome c from mitochondria, and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. In SD rats induced by chronic ethanol-feeding, GSTD significantly restored liver function and ameliorated pathological changes of the liver. In rat liver, GSTD greatly suppressed the activation of caspase-3 and inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis. In ethanol-induced acute liver injury of ICR mice, GSTD reduced liver acetaldehyde and suppressed the up-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and CYP2E1 significantly. Our results demonstrate that GSTD is efficacious in protecting liver cells from ethanol-induced injury and apoptosis; it may be useful for the development of novel agents for the treatment of ALD in the future.
Summary
In rice (Oryza sativa L.), floral organ development is an important trait. Although a role for PINOID in regulating floral organ development was reported recently, the underlying molecular ...mechanism remains unclear. Here, we isolated and characterized an abnormal floral organ mutant and mapped the causative gene through an improved MutMap method. Molecular study revealed that the observed phenotype is caused by a point mutation in OsPINOID (OsPID) gene; therefore, we named the mutation as ospid‐4. Our data demonstrate that OsPID interacts with OsPIN1a and OsPIN1b to regulate polar auxin transport as shown previously. Additionally, OsPID also interacts with OsMADS16 to regulate transcription during floral organ development in rice. Together, we propose a model that OsPID regulates floral organ development by modulating auxin polar transport and interaction with OsMADS16 and/or LAX1 in rice. These results provide a novel insight into the role of OsPID in regulating floral organ development of rice, especially in stigma development, which would be useful for genetic improvement of high‐yield breeding of rice.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift and the Imbert-Fedorov (IF) shift are optical phenomena which describe the longitudinal and transverse lateral shifts at the reflection interface, respectively. Here, we ...predict the GH and IF shifts in Weyl semimetals (WSMs)-a promising material harboring low energy Weyl fermions, a massless fermionic cousin of photons. Our results show that the GH shift in WSMs is valley independent, which is analogous to that discovered in a 2D relativistic material-graphene. However, the IF shift has never been explored in nonoptical systems, and here we show that it is valley dependent. Furthermore, we find that the IF shift actually originates from the topological effect of the system. Experimentally, the topological IF shift can be utilized to characterize the Weyl semimetals, design valleytronic devices of high efficiency, and measure the Berry curvature.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Due to the continuous switching action of the inverter in the motor drive system, an electromagnetic interference (EMI) is generated in the system. Active EMI filter has a smaller volume and higher ...power density compared with the widely used passive EMI filter. However, for the conventional voltage-sensing voltage-compensating active filter and the current-sensing current-compensating active EMI filter, the active EMI filter itself needs a transformer to compensate or to sense the EMI noise and this will increase the volume of the active EMI filter. In order to save the sensing or the compensating transformer required by the active EMI filter itself, a voltage-sensing current-compensating active EMI filter for the motor drive system is designed. Combining the sensed common-mode (CM) voltage with the artificially fitted ac-side CM impedance network, the adverse CM current can be generated that can be used to suppress the dc-side CM EMI. This active EMI filter itself does not need any transformer in principle. Experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed active EMI filter. It is shown that using this active EMI filter can simplify the structure of the active EMI filter and effectively suppress the dc-side EMI.
In recent years, permanent magnet (PM) vernier machines have gained more and more attention due to their high torque density and simple mechanical structure. However, PM vernier (PMV) machines with ...lap windings always suffer from long end winding length, and regular nonoverlapping winding may result in torque reduction for PMV machines. In this paper, an advanced PMV machine topology with multiple working harmonics is proposed. With specially designed stator auxiliary teeth, this topology could achieve ~20% higher torque density than that of a regular nonoverlapping winding PMV machine, with the same magnet usage. Through finite element algorithm and theoretical analysis, the production of additional flux density harmonics and their contributions to back-electromotive force (EMF) are verified. Moreover, the electromagnetic performances of this novel machine topology, such as back-EMF and output torque, are quantitatively investigated with the geometric parameters' effect considered. Finally, analysis results are verified by experimental test on a 21 Nm prototype, which is designed to have similar volume and weight with a 14 Nm regular commercial PM machine.
Photocatalytic water splitting is the most promising process to convert solar energy into high purity chemical fuel (hydrogen), which has received significant attention in recent years. Only several ...photocatalysts have been reported in the literature for pure water splitting under visible light. Herein we report for the first time quantum sized BiVO4 can decompose pure water into H2 and O2 simultaneously under simulated solar light irradiation without any cocatalysts or sacrificial reagents. By electrochemical measurement, we demonstrate that the significantly different photocatalytic activity of the quantum sized BiVO4 arises from the negative shift of conduction band edge by a quantum confinement effect and a decreased overpotential for water reduction. Although the generated H2 and O2 are nonstoichiometric in the present study, these findings establish the great potential of using quantum sized BiVO4 photocatalyst and solar energy for overall water splitting.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Serum samples from patients convalescing after SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac in China neutralized pseudoviruses expressing spike proteins from the B.1.1.7 ...variant at levels that were similar to those from the wild-type (Wuhan) isolate but lower than those from the B.1.351 variant.
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