The bioavailability of flavonoids is generally low after oral administration. The metabolic transformation of flavonoids by the gut microbiota may be one of the main reasons for this, although these ...metabolites have potential pharmacological activities. Liquiritigenin is an important dihydroflavonoid compound found in
that has a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-AIDS effects, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. This study explored the metabolites of liquiritigenin by examining gut microbiota metabolism and hepatic metabolism in vitro. Using LC-MS/MS and LC/MS
-IT-TOF techniques, three possible metabolites of liquiritigenin metabolized by the gut microbiota were identified: phloretic acid (M3), resorcinol (M4), and M5. M5 is speculated to be davidigenin, which has antitumor activity. By comparing these two metabolic pathways of liquiritigenin (the gut microbiota and liver microsomes), this study revealed that there are three main metabolites of liquiritigenin generated by intestinal bacteria, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of pharmacologically active substances in vivo.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Canopy height (CH) is an important trait for crop breeding and production. The rapid development of 3D sensing technologies shed new light on high-throughput height measurement. However, a systematic ...comparison of the accuracy and heritability of different 3D sensing technologies is seriously lacking. Moreover, it is questionable whether the field-measured height is as reliable as believed. This study uncovered these issues by comparing traditional height measurement with four advanced 3D sensing technologies, including terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), backpack laser scanning (BLS), gantry laser scanning (GLS), and digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP). A total of 1920 plots covering 120 varieties were selected for comparison. Cross-comparisons of different data sources were performed to evaluate their performances in CH estimation concerning different CH, leaf area index (LAI), and growth stage (GS) groups. Results showed that 1) All 3D sensing data sources had high correlations with field measurement (r > 0.82), while the correlations between different 3D sensing data sources were even better (r > 0.87). 2) The prediction accuracy between different data sources decreased in subgroups of CH, LAI, and GS. 3) Canopy height showed high heritability from all datasets, and 3D sensing datasets had even higher heritability (H
= 0.79-0.89) than FM (field measurement) (H
= 0.77). Finally, outliers of different datasets are analyzed. The results provide novel insights into different methods for canopy height measurement that may ensure the high-quality application of this important trait.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 10%-20% of people. Increased numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) correlate with symptoms, and patients respond to antimicrobials targeting E. coli. We ...examined whether specific E. coli strains, phylogroups and pathotypes are associated with IBS. We evaluated 218 E. coli isolates from 33 IBS patients and 23 healthy controls. RAPD analysis revealed 89 E. coli strains (29 controls, 60 IBS), spanning the A, B1, B2 and D phylogroups. Strains were similarly enriched in virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and/or adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Three strains harbored a diarrheagenic virulence gene (2 IBS, 1 control). Escherichia coli capable of invading epithelial cells or replicating in macrophages were detected in 53% of IBS and 50% controls, and 67% IBS and 45% controls respectively (P > 0.05). AIEC were identified in 33% of IBS patients vs 20% of controls (P = 0.35). Virulence genes ibeA, ColV and pduC were associated with intramacrophage persistence; ibeA and ColV were associated with epithelial invasion and AIEC pathotype (P < 0.05). IBS patients and controls are commonly colonized by E. coli that resemble ExPEC and display pathogen-like behavior in vitro, similar to CD-associated AIEC. The relationship of these resident pathosymbiont E. coli to IBS warrants further investigation.
The high temperature (HT) characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) devices enable power electronic converters to operate at higher ambient temperature, and the importance of HT isolated gate drivers ...is becoming increasingly significant. Compared with the complex silicon on insulator (SOI) HT chips and normal silicon (Si) ICs, the Si‐based discrete devices can well balance the temperature capability and design cost. A feasible isolated gate driver design method is proposed in this paper by using discrete MOSFETs, discrete BJTs and other passive components with consideration of cost and can be with less leakage current than normal integrated circuits. The function of gate driver includes signal isolation and signal amplification. In the signal isolation part, a CMOS‐based isolation circuit is proposed with its merits. In the signal amplification part, normal topologies are improved to get better efficiency and high‐speed capability. SiC power module‐based double pulse test is used to verify the switching performance, and experiments are done to verify the continuous operating capability. The main factors which affect the performance of the proposed isolated gate driver are summarized. This technology provides a novel solution for SiC MOSFET gate driver in HT environment.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
There are a large number of bacteria inhabiting the human body,which provide benefits for the health.Alterations of microbiota participate in the pathogenesis of diseases.The gastric microbiota ...consists of bacteria from seven to eleven phyla,predominantly Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria.Intrusion by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)does not remarkably interrupt the composition and structure of the gastric microbiota.Absence of bacterial commensal from the stomach delays the onset of H.pylori-induced gastric cancer,while presence of artificial microbiota accelerates the carcinogenesis.Altered gastric microbiota may increase the production of N-nitroso compounds,promoting the development of gastric cancer.Further investigation of the carcinogenic mechanisms of microbiota would benefit for the prevention and management of gastric cancer.
Long-term continuous deposits and well-preserved thick loess sections are natural archives for the reconstruction of global climate change. However, the loess sections are often discontinuous owing ...to soil erosions and accumulations. This study aimed at reconstructing long-term continuous paleoclimatic records by integrating the target sections of two typical loess sequences in northeast (NE) China. One section, the Dajiugang (DJG) section, was investigated and sampled, and the Sanbahuo (SBH) section was used as the target for integrating and reconstructing the paleoclimate. Sedimentary, pedogenesis, and luminescence dating analyses were conducted to analyze the potentials for reconstructing the paleoclimate by integrating two typical loess sections. The results indicated that the paleoclimate records derived from the DJG section can be used to reconstruct the continuous paleoclimate of NE China by integrating them with the SBH section. The paleoclimate information inferred from the DJG section could impute paleoclimate data from 71 to 11.7 ka, which were missing in the SBH section. The paleoclimate of NE China generally consisted of three periods from 71 to 11.7 ka: cold and dry from 29 to 11.7 ka, alternately cold and warm from 57 to 29 ka, and warm and wet to cold and dry from 71 to 57 ka. Integrating the target loess sections can contribute to reconstructing regional long-term continuous paleoclimate records where discontinuous loess sequences occurred.
Coupled with the ageing population, frailty, characterized by high prevalence and difficult treatment, has progressively evolved into a significant public health concern. Frail individuals can often ...observe serious metabolic disorders and sleep-wake cycle disruption, which may be caused by the decline in physiological reserve and increased vulnerability. Moreover, sleep-wake cycle disruptions and metabolic dysfunctions associated with circadian rhythm disorders are considered to be a central part of the disorder. Previous studies have documented a correlation between frailty and sleep-wake disruptions; nevertheless, the association between circadian rhythm disorders and frailty has not yet been definitively established. Hence, we hypothesize a bidirectional link between circadian rhythm disorders and frailty, with each condition exerting a significant influence on the progression of the other's disease trajectory.
► AEE eliminates organic solvent consumption. ► The extraction conditions of bayberry kernel oil by AEE are optimised. ► The predicted and experimental values are in good agreement. ► The bayberry ...kernel oil contains more than 80% total unsaturated fatty acids. ► AEE is more efficient method to extract PUFA than the organic solvent process.
Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Myrica rubra kernels was performed. The four AEE parameters namely mixed enzyme (cellulose/neutral protease=1/2, w/w) amount, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time, and temperature, were optimised by response surface methodology. The statistical analysis indicated that the enzyme amount, liquid/solid ratio, time, and the quadratics of liquid/solid ratio, and enzyme amount, as well as the interactions between time and temperature, showed significant effects on oil yield. The optimal extraction conditions for oil yield were mixed enzyme amount, liquid/solid ratio, time, temperature as 3.17% (w/w), 4.91ml/g, 4h and 51.6°C. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental oil extraction yield was 31.15%. The GC–MS analysis showed that the oil was abundant in the unsaturated fatty acids (9-octadecenoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid accounting for more than 80%), and the AEE was more efficient method to extract polyunsaturated fatty acid than the organic solvent process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The sea-level curve during the last deglaciation is characterized by two episodes of rapid sea-level rise, termed Meltwater Pulses (MWPs) 1A (14.6–14.3 kyr BP) and 1B (11.45–11.1 kyr BP), as well as ...an episode of relatively slow sea-level rise during the Younger Dryas stadial (YD; 12.85–11.65 kyr BP). However, the relative sea-level changes during the YD and MWP-1B periods are still not well defined. Here, we use precisely dated intertidal sediments derived from 6 sediment cores on the tectonically stable continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) to reconstruct a high-resolution sea-level curve between 14.0 kyr BP and 10.0 kyr BP. Although linear regression analysis suggests that the sea level rose continuously, with an average rate of 10.6 ± 0.6 mm/yr (r = −0.87, p(a) < 0.01, n = 95), the mode of sea-level rise differs before, during, and after the YD stadial. A rapid sea-level rise of 30.5 ± 4.9 mm/yr (r = −0.79, p(a) < 0.05, n = 25) occurred during 14.0–12.85 kyr BP. Subsequently, the rate of sea-level rise decreased significantly in response to the YD stadial, and it increased smoothly to 12.0 ± 1.4 mm/yr (r = −0.86, p(a) < 0.01, n = 29) from 11.65–10.0 kyr BP, indicating that MWP-1B was absent on the ECS shelf. Furthermore, based on comparisons of these data with other high-resolution curves of sea level or elevation at different latitudes, we suggest that the poleward seawater migration from intertropical broad oceans occurred because glacial isostatic adjustment could have generated a relatively consistent global sea-level height during the last deglaciation, especially during the YD, when the rate of sea-level rise was slowed.
•Sea-level rise is constrained by East China Sea intertidal sediments.•A possible rapid sea-level rise occurred during 13.6–13.0 kyr BP.•Sea-level rise slowed remarkably in response to the Younger Dryas.•Meltwater Pulse 1B is not recorded on the East China Sea shelf.•The poleward migration of seawater can lead to global sea levels remaining the same.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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