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•This review systematically summa rizes recent advances in phosphorescence-based ratiometric probes.•Construction strategies and preparation methods are introduced.•Versatile ...applications in chemo/bio-sensing, bioimaging and biomedicine therapy are discussed.•Current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Phosphorescence-based ratiometric probes (PRPs) have multiple advantages from dual-signal ratiometric output, intrinsic signal built-in correction and long-lived luminescence, and exhibit great prospects for sensitive, visual and imaging detection of analytes. In terms of rapid development of PRPs currently, this review systemically discusses and summarizes the recent advances of PRPs in design strategies, preparation methods and versatile applications in chemo/bio-sensing, bioimaging and biomedical therapy. Firstly, we summarize design strategies of PRPs, involving dual-phosphorescence, phosphorescence-fluorescence, and other phosphorescence-based dual-signal ratiometric probes. Afterwards, preparation methods are discussed in detail based upon different compositions, microstructures and luminescent features of PRPs. Then, versatile applications of PRPs are analyzed, principally including chemo/bio-sensing and visual detection of analytes in aqueous samples and biological fluids, biosensing and bioimaging of analytes in live cell and small animal levels, combination of PRPs with other bioimaging modes and biomedicine therapy technologies. Besides, we highlight the types of analytes, samples, sensing mechanisms, bio-toxicity and bio-distribution of PRPs in vitro and in vivo, and provide improvement measures for the shortcomings in previous design, preparation and applications of PRPs. Finally, we discuss current state-of-art, challenges and perspectives in the forthcoming studies of PRPs. This timely and comprehensive review is currently deficient and is desirable for researchers from multidisciplinary fields, and promotes the development of biochemical analysis, bioimaging, biomedical therapy, biosensors, intelligently optical and optoelectronic devices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A dual-channel ratiometric method is presented for improved colorimetric and fluorometric visualization of the fungicide cymoxanil (CYM). It is based on the use of a mixture of dually emitting carbon ...dots (CDs) and citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The CDs, under photoexcitation at 350 nm, display dual (blue and green) fluorescence, with peaks at 435 and 520 nm. In mixed aqueous suspension of CDs and AgNPs, the intensity of blue fluorescence of CDs is reduced due to internal filter effect (IFE). This is due to the spectral overlap between the emission of CDs and the absorption of yellow AgNPs. After the addition of CYM to the mixture, CYM triggers the aggregation of AgNPs due to electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding interactions. The aggregated AgNPs have an orange color with an absorption whose maximum is shifted to around 510 nm. Hence, it overlaps the green emission of CDs. This causes an IFE on the green fluorescence, while the blue fluorescence is recovered. The colorimetric is performed by ratioing the absorbances at 515 and 390 nm. The ratiometric fluorometric assay is based on ratioing the emissions at 435 and 520 nm. The assay has a wide detection range (0.01–0.55 μΜ) and a low limit of detection (2 nM at S/
N
= 3). The assay was applied to the determination of CYM in spiked real samples (natural river water, soil and plant epidermis). Recoveries ranged between 97 and 105%. The method enables assays to perform on-site and visual detection by observing fluorescence color shades in either aqueous solutions and on wetted filter paper strips.
Graphical abstract
Schematic representation of a dual (colorimetric and fluorometric) ratiometric assay for the fungicide cymoxanil (CYM). The method is based on CYM-induced aggregation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and an internal filter effect which induces fluorescence (FL) changes of dually emitting carbon dots (CDs).
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are significant in building lightweight Internet of Things (IoT) authentication protocols. However, PUFs are susceptible to attacks such as Machine-Learning(ML) ...modeling and statistical attacks. Researchers have conducted extensive research on the security of PUFs; however, existing PUFs do not always possess good statistical characteristics and few of them can achieve a balance between security and reliability. This article proposes a strong response-feedback PUF based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) and the Arbiter PUF (APUF). This structure not only resists existing ML modeling attacks but also exhibits good Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and Generalized Strict Avalanche Criterion (GSAC). Additionally, we introduce a Two-Level Reliability Improvement (TLRI) method that achieves 95% reliability with less than 35% of the voting times and single-response generation cycles compared to the traditional pure majority voting method.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
As an emerging group of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, 2D group-VA layered nanomaterials have been attracting increasing attention in recent years due to their intriguing physiochemical ...properties and functional structures for broad and promising applications. In contrast to phosphorene and black phosphorus, 2D group-VA pnictogen elemental (As, Sb, and Bi) nanomaterials have tunable direct bandgaps, high stability, charge-carrier mobility and unique in-plane anisotropic structures, giving them great prospects for applications in significant and extensive research areas. In this review, we systematically introduced the recent advances in 2D group-VA nanomaterials beyond black phosphorus. First, the synthesis methods were summarized and grouped into top-down and bottom-up categories. Then, their fundamental properties were described, referring to their band structures and carrier transport as well as mechanical, thermal, optical, magnetic and electronic properties. Subsequently, functional nanostructures were discussed, such as heterostructures, doping, absorption, pnictogen-containing hybrids and surface functionalization. Finally, potential applications were illustrated, involving catalysis, energy storage, field-effect transistors, topological spintronic devices, electronic devices, nonlinear photonics, light-emitting devices, gas sensors, thermoelectric materials and biomedicine. Finally, the current states, challenges and perspectives for the emerging 2D group-VA nanomaterials were discussed rationally. This timely and comprehensive review is attractive for scientists from different research fields and promotes the further development of low-dimensional nanomaterials and functionalized hybrid materials.
This review summarizes recent advances on synthesis, properties, functional nanostructures and applications of two-dimensional group-VA nanomaterials beyond black phosphorus.
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are a broad class of secondary metabolites that have been found in edible and medicinal plants from various families. It has been 100 years since the discovery of ...chlorogenic acid in 1920. In recent years, a number of naturally derived CQAs have been isolated and structurally elucidated. Accumulated evidence demonstrate that CQAs have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidation, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antidiabetic effects. Up to date, some meaningful progresses on the biosynthesis and total synthesis of CQAs have also been made. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively summarize the structure, biological activity, biosynthesis, and chemical synthesis of CQAs. This review provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring CQAs discovered from 1990 until 2020. Modern isolation techniques, chemical data (including structure, biosynthesis, and total synthesis), and bioactivity are summarized. This would be helpful for further research of CQAs as potential pharmaceutical agents.
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•A network meta-analysis of MT for recovery of stroke survivors was conducted.•MT remarkably improved motor function of stroke survivors.•MT effectively enhanced ADL of stroke ...survivors.•MT also provided a significant reduction of pain perception in stroke patients.
Mirror therapy (MT) as a relatively new rehabilitation technique has been widely applied in stroke patients. A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the effects of MT for stroke survivors. The main purpose of this network meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of MT on motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), and pain perception in stroke survivors. Several databases were searched to identify RCTs evaluating the effects of MT in stroke patients to perform this network meta-analysis. Thirty-seven RCTs (42 analyses, 1685 subjects) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Standard meta-analysis showed that MT significantly improved of motor function according to the increased Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and decreased Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score. In addition, ADL was promoted by MT as the elevated Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Motor Activity Log (MAL) score. Moreover, MT effectively relieved the pain of stroke patients as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was reduced. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions identified that the sources of heterogeneity might be different intervention arms and duration of interventions. Network meta-analysis showed that MT combined with electrical stimulation (ES) for less than 4 weeks along with conventional rehabilitation therapy (CT), and MT accompanied with CT for less than 4 weeks might be the most suitable interventions for improvement of motor function and ADL, respectively. Overall, MT could effectively improve motor function and ADL, as well as relieve pain for stroke survivors. The study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42017081742).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Preovulatory follicles need a network of blood vessels to growth and maturation in hens (Gallus gallus). Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) (AS), a traditional Chinese herb, displays a novel pro-angiogenic ...activity. The molecular mechanisms underlying AS promoting preovulatory follicles angiogenesis are poorly understand. Several recent studies investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in angiogenesis. In order to explore the promotion effect of AS extract on angiogenesis of chicken preovulatory follicles, we studied the effect of AS extract on follicle microvascular endothelial-like cells of chicken (FMEC) and granulosa cells (GC). The current study indicated that AS extract could promote the proliferation of FMECs and GCs. The assays of wounding healing, transwell invasion and tube formation showed that AS extract could enhance the invasion and migration ability of FMECs in vitro. The results of western blot and RT-PCR showed that AS extract promoted the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in FMECs by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The AS extract activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and up-regulated the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and VEGF-A in GCs. In addition, treatment of FMECs and GCs with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, VEGF-A, and HIF1-α. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and HIF1-α were consistent with protein expression levels. In conclusion, our research showed that AS extract can promote the follicle angiogenesis in hens in vitro, providing a basis for application of the traditional Chinese herb AS in poultry production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A mixed-criticality system refers to an integrated embedded system in which tasks with different criticality levels run on a shared computing platform. In the design and development of ...mixed-criticality systems, how to schedule tasks to ensure that high-criticality tasks are executed in time and low-criticality tasks are served as much as possible is a major problem to be studied. Existing studies tend to consider pessimistic processing strategies to ensure the schedulability of functional tasks with high-criticality requirements. However, excessive pessimistic processing can lead to waste of system resources, thereby reducing the performance of functional tasks with low-criticality requirements. In this paper, we propose an adaptive-service-level adjustment strategy for low-criticality tasks, which solves the problem of waste of resources caused by invalid compensation in the low-criticality task compensation method of flexible mixed-criticality systems. In view of the problem that the existing methods mostly use static budget allocation and static independent mode switching without considering the actual operation of the task, this paper also proposes a flexible and dynamic mixed-criticality system scheduling scheme and designs a system execution framework, scheduling algorithm, and dynamic allocation strategy of maximum execution budget, in order to reduce unnecessary redundant resource expenditures and system switching costs and to improve the performance of low-criticality tasks. Experiments show that the proposed methods are effective compared to the state-of-the-art.
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Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main active ingredient in the cannabis plant used for treating epilepsy and related diseases. However, how CBD ameliorates epilepsy and its effect on the hippocampus remains ...unknown. Herein, we evaluated how CBD ameliorates seizure degree in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced epilepsy mice after being exposed to CBD (10 mg/kg p.o). In addition, transcriptome and metabolomic analysis were performed on the hippocampus. Our results suggested that CBD could alleviate PTZ-induced seizure, of which the NPTX2, Gprc5c, Lipg, and Stc2 genes were significantly down-regulated in mice after being exposed to PTZ. Transcriptome analysis showed 97 differently expressed genes (CBD) and the PTZ groups. Metabonomic analysis revealed that compared with the PTZ group, 41 up-regulated and 67 down-regulated metabolites were identified in the hippocampus of epileptic mice exposed to CBD. The correlation analysis for transcriptome and metabolome showed that (±) 15-HETE and carnitine C6:0 were at the core of the network and were involved in the positive or negative regulation of the related genes after being treated with CBD. In conclusion, CBD ameliorates epilepsy by acting on the metabolism, calcium signaling pathway, and tuberculosis pathways in the hippocampus. Our study provided a practical basis for the therapeutic potential of treating epilepsy using CBD.
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Polyimide (PI)–carbon nanotubes composites were fabricated by in situ polymerization using multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as fillers. It suggested that in situ polymerization is an ideal ...technique to make a perfect dispersion of carbon nanotubes into matrixes. Besides it, the pre-treatment of carbon nanotubes in solvent to make the networks untied enough and to let solvent percolated into the networks is very important for forming uniform entanglements between carbon nanotubes and polymer molecular chains. The results imply that the percolation threshold for the electric conductivity of the resultant PI–MWNT composites was ca. 0.15
vol%. The electrical conductivity has been increased by more than 11 orders of magnitude to 10
−4
S/cm at the percolation threshold. The mechanical properties of the polyimide composite were not improved significantly by addition of carbon nanotubes.
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