The practical application of aqueous zinc batteries are highly limited by unsatisfied Zn anodes for the unavoidable dendrite growth and side reactions. Crystal orientation engineering is an effective ...way to overcome these inherent drawbacks. However, how to achieve Zn plating with manipulated crystallographic orientation is still a great challenge. Herein, a uniform (002)-oriented Zn metal anode is reported based on a directional cation recognition and crystal assembly strategy. The activated layered double hydroxide (Act-LDH) exhibits favorable adsorption energy with Zn
and high lattice matching with Zn (002) plane, which can be served as directional recognition layer to anchor Zn
and regulate crystallographic orientation of Zn as well. As demonstration, Zn crystals with ultrahigh ratio of (002)/(100) plane of 15.7 are assembled parallelly on horizontal Act-LDH, in which high CE of 99.85% maintains over 18 000 cycles. The symmetric battery with (002)-oriented Zn shows stable plating/stripping process over 1650 and 420 h at 1 mA cm
/0.5 mA h cm
and 10 mA cm
/5 mA h cm
, respectively, which is 9 and 12 times higher than unoriented polycrystalline Zn. Moreover, as-assembled full battery displays high specific capacity of 120 mA h g
at 2 A g
over 1800 cycles.
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The efficient motility of invertebrates helps them survive under evolutionary pressures. Reconstructing the locomotion of invertebrates and decoupling the influence of individual basic motion are ...crucial for understanding their underlying mechanisms, which, however, generally remain a challenge due to the complexity of locomotion gaits. Herein, a magnetic soft robot to reproduce midge larva's key natural swimming gaits is developed, and the coupling effect between body curling and rotation on motility is investigated. Through the authors’ systematically decoupling studies using programmed magnetic field inputs, the soft robot (named LarvaBot) experiences various coupled gaits, including biomimetic side‐to‐side flexures, and unveils that the optimal rotation amplitude and the synchronization of curling and rotation greatly enhance its motility. The LarvaBot achieves fast locomotion and upstream capability at the moderate Reynolds number regime. The soft robotics‐based platform provides new insight to decouple complex biological locomotion, and design programmed swimming gaits for the fast locomotion of soft‐bodied swimmers.
A magnetic soft robotic platform to decouple and reprogram complex wiggling motion adopted by invertebrates is presented. By using magnetic soft robot and programmed magnetic field inputs, it is unveiled that the synchronization of body curling and rotation, and the optimal rotation amplitude greatly enhance motility. The robotic platform offers a new toolbox to develop optimized soft‐bodied swimmers with enhanced motility.
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Aluminum ion aqueous batteries (AIBs) are among the most promising candidates for high energy density devices due to the multivalent redox processes associated with Al
3+
ion intercalation. However, ...only a few stable AIB electrode materials have been reported so far. MoO
3
is a very promising electrode material due to its octahedral layered crystal structure which can accommodate multivalent cation by intercalation. However, the poor electrochemical stability of MoO
3
and the sluggish intercalation kinetics of Al
3+
ion in Mo oxides electrodes limit its practical application. In this work, we propose a strategy to overcome such shortcomings of MoO
3
by fabricating electrodes composed of self-ordered one-dimensional (1D) MoTaO
x
nanotubes synthesized
via
electrochemical anodization of Mo-Ta alloy substrates. We show that this approach allows for direct incorporation of Ta in the Mo oxide nanotubes. The resulting MoTaO
x
nanotubes, composed of octahedral MoO
3
and rhombohedral Mo
2
Ta
2
O
11
phases, exhibit remarkable electrochemical stability and Al-ion storage properties in aqueous electrolytes that are superior to that of pristine Mo oxide or other most efficient electrode materials reported to date. Such MoTaO
x
nanotube-based electrodes can achieve a specific capacity of 1180 mA h cm
−3
(337 mA h g
−1
, 141 μA h cm
−2
) at 1.25 A cm
−3
(∼0.35 A g
−1
, 0.15 mA cm
−2
). More importantly, the capacity retention of such nanotube array electrodes remains above 83% of the initial capacity after 3000 cycles.
One-dimensional molybdenum-tantalum oxide nanotube arrays enable long-term aluminum intercalation in aqueous solution.
The rapid increase in urbanization has brought about a great deal of ecological problems, and thus the systematic protection of the environment is vital. Ecological security patterns are important ...for maintaining regional ecological stability and sustainable urban development. Human disturbance is a key factor affecting the stability and sustainable development of ecosystems. This paper constructs an ecological security pattern and evaluates the degree of human disturbance in Fuzhou City. Through a comprehensive analysis of both of these factors, the ecological priority restoration areas in Fuzhou were identified. The study shows that (1) there are 40 ecological source areas in Fuzhou, with a total area of 4556.48 km2; 83 ecological corridors, with a total distance of 179.33 km; and 30 ecological nodes. (2) The human disturbance degree score in the study area is between 0 and 0.8. The degree of human disturbance forms two larger major cores in Cangshan District, Gulou District, and Fuqing City. (3) The scores for the degree of human disturbance with ecological sources range from 0 to 0.42. The high-priority areas in the study area are distributed at the edges of ecological sources and form two high-scoring aggregation areas in Fuqing City and Jinan District. These corridors have a high degree of human disturbance with scores between 0 and 0.56. The I and II priority areas are mostly found in longer corridors in Fuqing City and Cangshan District near coastal or urban centers, and the III priority areas are mainly distributed in ecological corridors near the inland. The human disturbance degree scores of the nodes range from 0.01 to 0.27, and the nodes with higher grades were mainly distributed in the northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest of the study area.
Abstract
Background
To assess the interaction of sleep duration and depression on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
A total of 13,488 eligible participants were enrolled in this ...retrospective cohort study eventually. Baseline characteristics were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, including age, sex, diabetes, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHB) etc. Univariate and multivariate negative binomial regression models were carried out to assess the statistical correlation of sleep duration and depression on CVD separately. Additionally, multivariate negative binomial regression model was used to estimate the interaction of sleep duration and depression on CVD risk.
Results
After adjusting for age, sex, educational background, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, the use of hypnotics, disability, nap, drinking, deposit, sleep disturbance, HDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol, GLU and GHB, the risk of CVD in participants with the short sleep duration was increased in comparison with the normal sleep duration relative risk (RR)=1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.01-1.03; compared to the participants with non-depression, participants suffered from depression had an increased risk of CVD (RR=1.05, 95%CI:1.04-1.06). Additionally, the result also suggested that the interaction between short sleep duration and depression on the risk of CVD was statistically significant in these patients with diabetes and was a multiplicative interaction.
Conclusion
An interaction between short sleep duration and depression in relation to an increased risk of CVD among Chinese middle-aged and elderly individuals was noticed, which may provide a reference that people with diabetes should focus on their sleep duration and the occurrence of depression, and coexisting short sleep duration and depression may expose them to a higher risk of CVD.
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The personal wealth management products of commercial banks have promoted the transformation of people’s asset allocation methods. The personal wealth management business of China’s commercial banks ...is still in the stage of exploration and expansion. It has established a sound and reasonable operation and sales model, and continuously improved the innovative capabilities of commercial bank personal wealth management products.
Knowledge of exchanges of energy and water over terrestrial surfaces is the first step towards understand the ecohydrological mechanisms, particularly in water‐limited ecosystems in dryland ...environments. However, patterns of energy exchange and evapotranspiration (ET) are not well understood in the oasis‐desert ecotone, which plays an important role in protecting oases against the threat of desertification in arid regions of northwestern China. Here, the continuous measurements of surface energy fluxes were made using eddy covariance in conjunction with auxiliary measurements for 2 years (2014–2015) in an oasis‐desert ecotone mainly covered by phreatophyte shrubs Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum/sphaerocarpa, and Calligonum mongolicum in arid northwestern China. Based on the collated data for 2 years, statistical analysis on a 30‐min time scale indicated that approximately 50% of daytime net radiation (Rn) in the ecotone was dissipated as H on average, and one‐third of Rn was consumed by soil heat flux (G). Only 9% of Rn was consumed for latent heat flux (λE), which peaked in summer (21% in 2014 and 16% in 2015), corresponding to the highest rainfall season. Daily mean ET was approximately 1 mm days−1 during the growing season of the shrub species. Accumulated annual ET was 195 and 181 mm in 2014 and 2015, respectively, exceeding the corresponding precipitation (P) by approximately 87 and 77 mm, indicating that groundwater may be another important source of water for ET in the ecotone aside from rainfall. Results within provide valuable insights into the mechanisms responsible for sustaining energy and water balance in the ecotone, a potentially groundwater‐dependent ecosystem. These results also offer a foremost ecohydrological implication for water and land resources management and ecotone conservation, such as avoiding heavy groundwater pumping for extensive agricultural irrigation use to sustain groundwater availability for these shrub species in the ecotone.
Surface moisture availability plays a major role in modulating energy and evapotranspiration exchange in the ecotone between oasis and desert. Total annual evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation, indicating groundwater plays a crucial role in maintain the local surface energy budget and water balance.
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How muscles are used is a key to understanding the internal driving of fish swimming. However, the underlying mechanisms of some features of the muscle activation patterns and their differential ...appearance in different species are still obscure. In this study, we explain the muscle activation patterns by using 3D computational fluid dynamics models coupled to the motion of fish with prescribed deformation and examining the torque and power required along the fish body with two primary swimming modes. We find that the torque required by the hydrodynamic forces and body inertia exhibits a wave pattern that travels faster than the curvature wave in both anguilliform and carangiform swimmers, which can explain the traveling wave speeds of the muscle activations. Notably, intermittent negative power (i.e., power delivered by the fluid to the body) on the posterior part, along with a timely transfer of torque and energy by tendons, explains the decrease in the duration of muscle activation towards the tail. The torque contribution from the body elasticity further clarifies the wave speed increase or the reverse of the wave direction of the muscle activation on the posterior part of a carangiform swimmer. For anguilliform swimmers, the absence of the aforementioned changes in the muscle activation on the posterior part is consistent with our torque prediction and the absence of long tendons from experimental observations. These results provide novel insights into the functions of muscles and tendons as an integral part of the internal driving system, especially from an energy perspective, and they highlight the differences in the internal driving systems between the two primary swimming modes.
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Urban street greening is an important part of urban green infrastructure, and Green View Index (GVI) is widely used to assess urban street quality and ecosystem service value as an important ...indicator to quantify the perception of green street landscape from a pedestrian perspective. However, the distribution of street greenery is imbalanced. Therefore, to explore the differences in street greening levels within urban cities, we crawled streetscape data using the Internet to assess the spatial distribution patterns of urban street GVI using deep learning and spatial autocorrelation, and combined 11 surrounding environmental features with multi-source geographic data to further analyze the key factors influencing the spatial variation of block GVI using ordinary least squares, geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models. The results show that the mean value of GVI in Fuzhou city is low (23.08%), with large differences among neighborhoods and a significant spatial autocorrelation. Among the regression models, MGWR has the best fit with an R
of 0.702, where the variables of NDVI, house price, accessibility of water bodies and parks, and the proportion of built-up land have a greater impact on GVI, and the factors do not have the same spatial effect size. The results can provide a scientific basis for promoting green visual equity in different blocks.
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