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In atmospheric conditions, CuI is easily oxidized to CuII due to the coexistence of moisture and oxygen. The poor oxidation inhibition of CuI restricts the practical application of ...CuI-containing materials. Herein we introduce an approach to construct a superhydrophobic microenvironment in CuI-functionalized metal–organic frameworks by coordinatedly grafting organic amine compounds onto open metal sites (OMSs), which can hinder the accessibility of moisture to pores thereby enhancing the stability of CuI. As a proof of concept, MIL-101(Cr) with abundant OMSs and octadecylamine (OA) with long hydrophobic alkyl groups are used as carrier and surface coating. As superhydrophobic porous materials, the resultant CuIM-OA exhibits improved CuI stability in addition to retaining high crystallinity and intact porosity while almost all CuI is oxidized in hydrophilic CuIM upon exposure in a humid atmosphere for 30 h. CuIM-OA owns excellent adsorption desulfurization performance (ADS) with regard to thiophene, benzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyl dibenzothiophene. Even from hydrated fuel, the adsorption performance of CuIM-OA maintains well while the adsorption capacity of CuIM decreases to 7% after 4 cycles. The remarkable moisture resistance, CuI stability, and high porosity make the current adsorbent CuIM-OA highly promising for the practical ADS process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Janibacter
, a member of the
Intrasporangiaceae
family of
Actinobacteria
, is a Janus-faced bacterium that has both antibiotic resistance/pathogenicity and the ability to degrade pollutants, with ...significant research value. Here, we isolated the novel strain
Janibacter melonis
M714 from an irradiated area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
J. melonis
M714 contains one circular chromosome of 3,426,637 bp with a GC content of 72.98% and one plasmid of 54,436 bp with a GC content of 67.80%. The genome of
J. melonis
M714 contains 2,859 CDSs, 47 tRNA genes, and 6 rRNA genes. Genome assembly and annotation indicated that strain M714 has a high GC content and contains multiple notable functional genes, including a beta-lactam resistance gene and dioxygenase gene, which may be the key determinants of the strain’s antibiotic resistance and xenobiotic degradation ability, respectively. The whole genome sequences of
J. melonis
M714 provide information that is useful for its potential applications in the degradation of pollutants and environmental remediation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a 2e− pathway offers a green alternative to the energy‐extensive anthraquinone process; however, the ...challenge lies in the development of low cost and effective 2e− ORR catalysts. In this work, a highly selective and stable Mo clusters supported by nitrogen‐doped carbon polyhedrons catalyst for direct H2O2 electrosynthesis are first designed, which shows a high H2O2 selectivity (>77%) in the applied potential range varying from 0.2 to 0.65 V vs RHE, and an excellent mass activity of 29.0 A gcat.−1 (at 0.65 V) with negligible activity decay over 10 000 cycles in an alkaline medium. Moreover, the catalyst displays a yield rate of 136.2 ± 1.5 ppm cm−2 h−1 at −20 mA cm−2 in a continuous flow cell with neutral electrolyte. Taken together, the obtained performance metrics are comparable to the best‐reported ORR results. Density‐functional theory analyses reveal that Mo clusters can donor electrons to activate O2 molecules and strengthen the *OOH binding on Mo sites as well, thus inducing a high H2O2 selectivity. The present work provides a unique insight into the atomic introduction of metal clusters‐based materials for 2e− ORR to H2O2 powered by renewable energy.
Nitrogen‐doped carbon polyhedrons supported Mo clusters are proposed to be an efficient ORR catalyst toward the H2O2 electrosynthesis in alkaline and neutral media. The catalyst delivers a high H2O2 selectivity and stability, which is comparable to the best‐reported results.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A dysregulated immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy may lead to early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. However, major questions about ...how epigenetic modifications regulate the immune microenvironment during the decidualization process and embryo implantation remain unanswered. DNA methylation, the main epigenetic mechanism involved in the endometrial cycle, is crucial for specific transcriptional networks associated with endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation, hormone response, decidualization, and embryo implantation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcyosine, 5-formylytosine, and 5-carboxylcyosine to achieve the DNA demethylation process, appear to play a critical role in decidualization and embryo implantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of their structural similarities and the common mechanism of regulation in the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy. We also discuss their physiological role in the decidual immune microenvironment. Finally, we propose a key hypothesis regarding TET enzymes at the maternal-fetal interface between decidual immune cells and ESCs. Future work is needed to elucidate their functional role and examine therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes in pregnancy-related disease preclinical models, which would be of great value for future implications in disease diagnosis or treatment.
Objectives
To compare the performance of conventional radiography, ldCT, and MRI in the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in suspected axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).
Methods
Patients presenting with > 3 ...months chronic back pain were assessed by axSpA-experienced rheumatologists and diagnosed as axSpA or not; axSpA patients were then considered nr-axSpA or AS using plain radiography. Non-axSpA patients were recruited as controls, and divided into non-inflammatory and inflammatory groups on the basis of inflammatory back pain and/or CRP/ESR elevation. Clinical variables, pelvic radiography, sacroiliac joint (SIJ) ldCT, and SIJ MRI were obtained.
Results
A total of 121 patients were included and had SIJ radiography and ldCT, of whom 71 additionally had an SIJ MRI. These included 23 non-inflammatory controls, 21 inflammatory controls, 32 nr-axSpA cases, and 45 AS cases. Fourteen of 32 (44%) nr-axSpA patients had positive ldCT scans, 21/24 (88%) had MRI-BMO, and 11/24 (46%) had MRI-structural lesions. ldCT had high specificity with only 1/23 (4%) non-inflammatory controls being positive. MRI-BMO had the highest sensitivity for nr-axSpA, but compared with ldCT lower specificity, with 5/15 (33%) of non-inflammatory controls being positive, and similar sensitivity for AS (20/22 (91%) vs 44/44 for ldCT).
Conclusions
ldCT identifies evidence of radiographic change in a significant proportion of nr-axSpA cases and is highly specific for axSpA. MRI-BMO lesions are more sensitive than either conventional radiography or MRI-structural assessment for axSpA. The relative position of these imaging modalities in screening for axSpA needs to be reconsidered, also taking into account the costs involved.
Key Points
•
ldCT is more sensitive for erosions or sclerosis in axSpA than plain radiography, with 44% of patients with nr-axSpA having evidence of AS-related sacroiliac joint changes on ldCT.
•
MRI-structural lesions are no more sensitive but are less specific for AS than ldCT.
•
MRI-BMO is the most sensitive test for nr-axSpA of the modalities tested but is less specific for axSpA than for ldCT.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The laser modification pretreatment method is an effective way to address the machining difficulties of silicon carbide (SiC), a typical hard-to-machine material. Therefore, the ablation behavior and ...modification mechanism of SiC under different laser energy were explored in this paper. A new multi-scale model of laser irradiation SiC that couples heat transfer and fluid motion is first established. Then, a series of experiments is carried out to evaluate the model's accuracy, and the interaction between laser and SiC is discussed in detail. The results show that the dominant modification mechanism changes from coulomb explosion to multiphoton absorption, incubation effect, and heat accumulation with the laser energy increase. This leads the surface topography of SiC to transition from nanoparticle formation to disorder to a melting state. In ablative state, micro/nano porous and humps are formed at the edge of ablation groove due to surface tension, generation and rupture of bubbles, respectively. Furthermore, the surface roughness is not proportional to the laser energy due to the plasma shielding effect, and the surface roughness can be reduced by enhancing the flow of the molten material. Amorphous Si–O–C, Si and spherical SiO2 exist in deposition area, leading to SiC elastic modulus decreases from 347 GPa to 103.82 GPa, and the shear strength decreases from 20.9 GPa to 17.25 GPa. The results of this study can provide references for parameters selection and theoretical support for improving the machinability of SiC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Deinococcus
is an extremophilic microorganism found in a wide range of habitats, including hot springs, radiation-contaminated areas, Antarctic soils, deserts, etc., and shows some of the highest ...levels of resistance to ionizing radiation known in nature. The highly efficient radiation-protection mechanisms of
Deinococcus
depend on a combination of passive and active defense mechanisms, including self-repair of DNA damage (homologous recombination, MMR, ER and ESDSA), efficient cellular damage clearance mechanisms (hydrolysis of damaged proteins, overexpression of repair proteins, etc.), and effective clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to these mechanisms,
Deinococcus
cells are highly resistant to oxidation, radiation and desiccation, which makes them potential chassis cells for wide applications in many fields. This article summarizes the latest research on the radiation-resistance mechanisms of
Deinococcus
and prospects its biotechnological application potentials.
Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based microglial mouse brain chimeras. In addition, we detail steps for intracerebral injection of ...pathological tau and magnetic cell isolation of human microglia from chimeric mouse brains for single-cell RNA sequencing. Human microglia developed in chimeric mouse brains recapitulate the pathophysiology of microglia in human brain tissue, offering unprecedented opportunities to study human microglial senescence in vivo.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to (Jin et al., 2022b).
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•Transplant hiPSC-derived PMPs to create human-mouse microglial brain chimeras•Examine the responses of human microglia to pathological tau in chimeric brains•Isolate human microglia from chimeric brains for single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
Herewe provide a step-by-step protocol for generating human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell (hiPSC)-based microglial mouse brain chimeras. In addition, we detail steps for intracerebral injection of pathological tau and magnetic cell isolation of human microglia from chimeric mouse brains for single-cell RNA sequencing. Human microglia developed in chimeric mouse brains recapitulate the pathophysiology of microglia in human brain tissue, offering unprecedented opportunities to study human microglial senescence in vivo.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Deinococcus wulumuqiensis R12, which was isolated from arid irradiated soil in Xinjiang province of China, belongs to a genus that is well-known for its extreme resistance to ionizing radiation and ...oxidative stress. The DNA-binding protein Dps has been studied for its great contribution to oxidative resistance. To explore the role of Dps in D. wulumuqiensis R12, the Dps sequence and homology-modeled structure were analyzed. In addition, the dps gene was knocked out and proteomics was used to verify the functions of Dps in D. wulumuqiensis R12. Docking data and DNA binding experiments in vitro showed that the R12 Dps protein has a better DNA binding ability than the Dps1 protein from D. radiodurans R1. When the dps gene was deleted in D. wulumuqiensis R12, its resistance to H.sub.2O.sub.2 and UV rays was greatly reduced, and the cell envelope was destroyed by H.sub.2O.sub.2 treatment. Additionally, the qRT-PCR and proteomics data suggested that when the dps gene was deleted, the catalase gene was significantly down-regulated. The proteomics data indicated that the metabolism, transport and oxidation-reduction processes of D. wulumuqiensis R12 were down-regulated after the deletion of the dps gene. Overall, the data conformed that Dps protein plays an important role in D. wulumuqiensis R12.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has achieved impressive responses in multiple types of malignancies in recent years. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur and limit their continuous ...clinical use. Among these irAEs, acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AAT) is rare but often clinically serious, life-threatening and refractory to multiple treatment approaches.
We reported for the first time the successful treatment of avatrombopag in two cases of anti-PD1 antibody-induced AAT (in particular, one case had progressed to aplastic anemia), which was refractory or intolerant to glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), recombinant human thrombopoietin (rh-TPO) and even TPO receptor agonist (TPO-RA) eltrombopag. To date, the two cases manifested as normal platelet counts and are independent of transfusion.
Anti-PD1 antibody-induced AAT occurs with low frequency but is often serious and difficult to manage, for which this study proposed vatrombopag as a potential curative and safe approach.
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