Metasurfaces offer complete control of optical wavefront at the subwavelength scale, advancing a new class of artificial planar optics, including lenses, waveplates, and holograms, with unprecedented ...merits over conventional optical components. In particular, the ultrathin, flat, and compact characteristics of metasurfaces facilitate their integration with semiconductor devices for the development of miniaturized and multifunctional optoelectronic systems. In this work, generation of structured light is implemented at an ultracompact wafer‐level through the monolithic integration of metasurface with standard vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs). This work opens new perspectives for the design of structured light systems with compactness, lightweight, and scalability. Ultracompact beam structured laser chips with versatile functionalities are experimentally demonstrated, including multichannel beams array generation, on‐chip large‐angle beam steering up to 60°, and wafer‐level holographic beam shaping with a wide field of view (about 124°). The results will promote the development of compact light structuring systems with great potential in 3D imaging, displays, robotic vision, human–computer interaction, and augmented/virtual reality.
On‐chip generation of structured light is demonstrated via monolithic integration of dielectric metasurfaces with standard vertical cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs). This new type of ultracompact beam structuring chip exhibits versatile functionalities, including multichannel beams array generation, on‐chip large‐angle beam steering up to 60°, and wafer‐level holographic beam shaping with a wide field of view.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An asymmetric 1,6‐conjugate addition of thioacetic acid with para‐quinone methides has been developed by using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis in the presence of water. A series of sulfur‐containing ...compounds were thus obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Theoretical studies indicated that the water‐bridged proton transfer is a potentially favorable reaction pathway. An unprecedented O−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between water and the aromatic nucleus of chiral phosphoric acid was discovered to contribute significantly to the stereocontrol in the catalysis.
Building bridges: The title reaction was realized in the presence of water, and successfully solved the challenge of remote stereocontrol for the para‐quinone methide substrates. Theoretical studies indicated that the water‐bridged proton transfer and an unprecedented O−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction, between water and the aromatic nucleus of the chiral phosphoric acid, play important roles in the transition state.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In mammals, microRNAs can be actively secreted from cells to blood. miR‐29b‐3p has been shown to play a pivotal role in muscle atrophy, but its role in intercellular communication is largely unknown. ...Here, we showed that miR‐29b‐3p was upregulated in normal and premature aging mouse muscle and plasma. miR‐29b‐3p was also upregulated in the blood of aging individuals, and circulating levels of miR‐29b‐3p were negatively correlated with relative appendicular skeletal muscle. Consistently, miR‐29b‐3p was observed in exosomes isolated from long‐term differentiated atrophic C2C12 cells. When C2C12‐derived miR‐29b‐3p‐containing exosomes were uptaken by neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells, increased miR‐29b‐3p levels in recipient cells were observed. Moreover, miR‐29b‐3p overexpression led to downregulation of neuronal‐related genes and inhibition of neuronal differentiation. Interestingly, we identified HIF1α‐AS2 as a novel c‐FOS targeting lncRNA that is induced by miR‐29b‐3p through down‐modulation of c‐FOS and is required for miR‐29b‐3p‐mediated neuronal differentiation inhibition. Our results suggest that atrophy‐associated circulating miR‐29b‐3p may mediate distal communication between muscle cells and neurons.
miR‐29b‐3p‐containing exosomes released from atrophied muscle can be transported via the circulation and transferred to neuronal cells. Increased miR‐29b‐3p levels in neuronal cells may lead to inhibition of neuronal differentiation.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The diverse biological effects of nanomaterials form the basis for their applications in biomedicine but also cause safety issues. Induction of autophagy is a cellular response after nanoparticles ...exposure. It may be beneficial in some circumstances, yet autophagy‐mediated toxicity raises an alarming concern. Previously, it has been reported that upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) elicit liver damage, with autophagy contributing most of this toxicity. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear. This study reveals persistent presence of enlarged autolysosomes in hepatocytes after exposure to UCNs and SiO2 nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo. This phenomenon is due to anomaly in the autophagy termination process named autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR). Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI(4)P) relocates onto autolysosome membrane, which is a key event of ALR. PI(4)P is then converted into phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) by phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase. Clathrin is subsequently recruited by PI(4,5)P2 and leads to tubule budding of ALR. Yet it is observed that PI(4)P cannot be converted in nanoparticle‐treated hepatocytes cells. Exogenous supplement of PI(4,5)P2 suppresses the enlarged autolysosomes in vitro. Abolishment of these enlarged autolysosomes by autophagy inhibitor relieves the hepatotoxicity of UCNs in vivo. The results provide evidence for disrupted ALR in nanoparticle‐treated hepatocytes, suggesting that the termination of nanoparticle‐induced autophagy is of equal importance as the initiation.
In hepatocytes treated with upconversion nanoparticles (UCN) or nano‐SiO2, loss of phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase causes the disrupted phospholipid transition from phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate to phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate on enlarged autolysosomal membrane and clathrin fails to be recruited to autolysosomes; autophagic lysosome reformation is blocked, leading to enlarged autolysosomes. In the UCN‐treated mice liver, manipulation of autophagy by 3‐methyladenine or trehalose affects liver damage.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An ITO/TPAPAM‐GO/Al memory device (see figure; ITO = indium tin oxide, TPAPAM‐GO = graphene oxide covalently grafted with triphenylamine‐based polyazomethine) exhibits typical bistable electrical ...switching and a nonvolatile rewritable memory effect with a turn‐on voltage of −1.0 V and an ON/OFF‐state current ratio of more than 103. Both ON and OFF state are stable under a constant voltage stress and survive up to 108 read cycles at a read voltage of −1.0 V.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A chiral squaramide catalyzed approach constructing spiro-3,4-dihydrocoumarin motif by the enantioselective 1,6-addition/acetalization reactions of 1-oxotetralin-2-carbaldehydes and ...ortho-hydroxyphenyl-substituted para-quinone methides followed by an oxidation was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly with a wide range of p-QMs and 1-oxotetralin-2-carbaldehydes to generate corresponding products in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (>19:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee).
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abnormal tumour vasculature has a significant impact on tumour progression and response to therapy. Nitric oxide (NO) regulates angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis and, thus, can be ...delivered to normalize tumour vasculature. However, a NO-delivery system with a prolonged half-life and a sustained release mechanism is currently lacking. Here we report the development of NanoNO, a nanoscale carrier that enables sustained NO release to efficiently deliver NO into hepatocellular carcinoma. Low-dose NanoNO normalizes tumour vessels and improves the delivery and effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and tumour necrosis factor-related, apoptosis-inducing, ligand-based therapy in both primary tumours and metastases. Furthermore, low-dose NanoNO reprogrammes the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory phenotype, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer vaccine immunotherapy. Our findings demonstrate the ability of nanoscale NO delivery to efficiently reprogramme tumour vasculature and immune microenvironments to overcome resistance to cancer therapy, resulting in a therapeutic benefit.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Recent big data analyses have illuminated marine microbial diversity from a global perspective, focusing on planktonic microorganisms. Here, we analyze 2.5 terabases of newly sequenced datasets and ...the Tara Oceans metagenomes to study the diversity of biofilm-forming marine microorganisms. We identify more than 7,300 biofilm-forming 'species' that are undetected in seawater analyses, increasing the known microbial diversity in the oceans by more than 20%, and provide evidence for differentiation across oceanic niches. Generation of a gene distribution profile reveals a functional core across the biofilms, comprised of genes from a variety of microbial phyla that may play roles in stress responses and microbe-microbe interactions. Analysis of 479 genomes reconstructed from the biofilm metagenomes reveals novel biosynthetic gene clusters and CRISPR-Cas systems. Our data highlight the previously underestimated ocean microbial diversity, and allow mining novel microbial lineages and gene resources.
A series of homodinuclear lanthanide complexes, namely, Ln2(L)2(MeOH)2(NO3)2 Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), and Ho (4), were synthesized by the reaction of Salen‐type ligand, namely N, ...N′‐bis(5‐bromosalicylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (H2L), with lanthanide salts in methanol and acetonitrile solution. The two LnIII ions in 1–4 are linked by two Ophenoxo atoms of two L2− ligands to build a dinuclear skeleton. The eight‐coordinate LnIII center adopts a triangular dodecahedron geometry of D2d symmetry. Theoretical calculations revealed that antiferromagnetic interactions exist in those complexes. Dynamic magnetic properties studies indicate that the Dy2 complex behaves as a single‐molecule magnet with an anisotropy barrier of Ueff ≈ 47.68 K and a pre‐exponential factor τ0 = 3.17 × 10−6 s under a zero applied field, whereas the Ho2 complex exhibits a fast tunneling relaxation process that is rationalized through ab initio calculations.
Complex 3 exhibits a slow magnetic relaxation and has an anisotropy barrier of Ueff ≈ 47.68 K. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropies and relaxation mechanism of complex 3 were investigated in depth by ab initio calculations.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Predicting the spatial distribution of species and suitable areas under global climate change could provide a reference for species conservation and long‐term management strategies. Macaca thibetana ...and Macaca arctoides are two endangered species of Chinese macaques. However, limited information is available on their distribution, and their habitat needs lack proper assessment due to complicated taxonomy and less research attention. In recent years, scholars widely used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the impact of global climate and certain environmental factors on species distribution. Therefore, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of both macaque species under six climate change scenarios using occurrence and high‐resolution ecological data. We identified climatic factors, elevation, and land cover that shape their distribution range and determined shifts in their habitat range. The results demonstrated that temperature range, annual precipitation, forest land cover, and temperature seasonality, including the precipitation of the driest month are the main factors affecting their distribution. Currently, M. thibetana is mainly concentrated in central, eastern, southern, and southwestern China, and M. arctoides is mainly concentrated in three provinces (Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guangdong) in southern China. The MaxEnt model predicted that the suitable habitat for both species will increase with increased greenhouse emission scenarios. We also found that with the further increase in greenhouse emissions M. thibetana is expected to migrate to western China, and M. arctoides is expected to migrate to western or eastern China. This reinterpretation of the distribution of M. thibetana and M. arctoides in China, and predicted potential suitable habitat and possible migration direction, may provide new insights into the future conservation and management of these two species.
Potential distribution patterns and migration paths of Macaca thibetana and Macaca arctoides under the present and future scenarios of climate change in China.
Highlights
Potential macaque distributions were predicted using different climate change scenarios.
Macaque distributions were compared under present and future climate conditions.
Suitable habitat areas for Macaca thibetana and Macaca arctoides are expected to increasing.
Annual precipitation and annual temperature affected distribution.
We believe the two species are migrating to the west of China to adapt to climate change.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
